Cervinae

Cervinae; Temporal range: Late Miocene to recent
	Père David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Cervinae; Goldfuss, 1820
Genera
	Elaphodus; Muntiacus; Dama; Axis; Rucervus; Elaphurus; Rusa; Cervus;

The Cervinae or the Old World deer (denoting their place of origin, not their current distribution), are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae.

Classification and species

The following species are recognised in extant genera:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Tribe Muntiacini
- Genus Elaphodus
  - Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
- Genus Muntiacus
  - Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
  - Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
  - Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
  - Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
  - Indian muntjac (M. muntjak)
  - Sumatran muntjac (M. montanum)
  - Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
  - Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
  - Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
  - Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
  - Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
  - Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
Tribe Cervini ("true" deer)
- Genus Dama
  - Fallow deer (D. dama)
  - Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
- Genus Axis
  - Chital (A. axis)
  - Calamian deer (A. calamianensis)
  - Bawean deer (A. kuhlii)
  - Indian hog deer (A. porcinus)
- Genus Rucervus
  - Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
  - Eld's deer (R. eldii)
  - †Schomburgk's deer (R. schomburgki)
- Genus Elaphurus
  - Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
- Genus Rusa
  - Visayan spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer (R. alfredi)
  - Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
  - Javan rusa deer (R. timorensis)
  - Sri Lankan sambar (R. unicolor)
- Genus Cervus
  - Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
  - Elk or American wapiti (C. canadensis)
  - Red deer (C. elaphus)
  - Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu)
  - Sika deer (C. nippon)

Extinct genera

References

^ Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019.
^ Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013.
^ Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}
^ Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[Randi2001-1] Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019.

[Pitraa2004-2] Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013.

[Alvarez2007-3] Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}

[Duarte2008-4] Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009.

[5] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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