List of Huguenots
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Some notable French Huguenots or people with French Huguenot ancestry include:
Arts and entertainment
- James Agee (1909-1955), American screenwriter, Pulitzer Prize-winning author
- Earl W. Bascom (1906-1995), American rodeo cowboy, artist, sculptor
- Pierre Bayle (1647-1706), French author, philosopher
- Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870), French Impressionist painter
- Marlon Brando, American actor
- Sébastien Bourdon, French painter
- Hablot Knight Browne ("Phiz"), British illustrator of Charles Dickens
- Timothée Chalamet, French and American actor
- Samuel Chappuzeau, French author, poet, playwright
- Jessica Chastain, American actress
- William Christopher, American actor
- Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer
- Joan Crawford, American actress
- Davy Crockett, American folk hero
- Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet
- Marie De Cotteblanche, known for her skill in languages and translation of works from Spanish to French
- Jean Delannoy, French actor, film editor, screenwriter, and film director
- Louis de Rochemont, filmmaker
- Richard de Rochemont, filmmaker
- William De Morgan, British art potter, tile designer, author
- Johnny Depp, American actor
- John Theophilus Desaguliers, French-born British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer, freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton
- Pierre des Maizeaux, author
- G.E.M. de Ste. Croix, British writer, historian
- Théophile de Viau, poet, dramatist
- Brooke D'Orsay, Canadian actress
- Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas, French poet
- Daphne du Maurier, English writer
- George du Maurier, English author, cartoonist
- Gerald du Maurier, English actor
- I. D. du Plessis, South African writer, member of the Dertigers group
- Max du Preez, South African author, columnist and documentary filmmaker, founding editor of Vrye Weekblad.
- Sean Else, South African writer, filmmaker
- Wilhelmina FitzClarence, English author
- Theodor Fontane, German novelist, poet
Theodor Fontane - Johnny Fourie, South African Jazz guitarist
- Philip Morin Freneau, American poet
- Judy Garland, American actress, singer
- David Garrick, English actor
- André Gide, French author, Nobel Prize winner
- Jean-Luc Godard, French film director
- Dashiell Hammett, American author
- Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Austrian conductor
- Eddie Izzard, English comedian, actor
- Derek Jacobi, English actor
- Elsa Joubert, South African novelist
- Victor Lardent, British advertising designer who drew Times New Roman
- William Larminie, Irish poet
- Christian Ignatius Latrobe, British clergyman, composer, and musician
- Simon Le Bon, English musician and frontman of pop-rock band Duran Duran
- Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer
- Jacques Le Moyne, French artist, explorer
- Madeleine L'Engle, American author
- Jean-Étienne Liotard, Swiss painter
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet
- Pierre Loti, French Orientalist writer
- Charles Maturin, Irish Gothic writer
- Jacques-Louis Monod, pianist, composer, teacher
- Karl Oenike, German landscape painter
- Laurence Olivier, English actor
- Bernard Palissy, French potter
- Tom Paulin, British poet, critic
- Jon Pertwee, English actor
- Sean Pertwee, English actor
- James Planché, British dramatist, officer of arms
- Tyrone Power, actor
- Tyrone Power, Sr., actor
- André Raison, French Baroque composer and organist.
- Kate Raison, Australian actress
- Miranda Raison, English screen and stage actress
- Frederic Remington, American artist, sculptor
- Keith Richards, English musician
- Damon Runyon, American author
- Julia Sawalha and Nadia Sawalha, British actress's of Huguenot and Jordanian ancestry
- John Spencer-Churchill, English painter and sculptor and nephew of Sir Winston Churchill
- Charlize Theron, South African actress
- Henry David Thoreau, American writer
- Mary Travers (1936-2009), American pop singer, member of the group Peter, Paul and Mary
- Sacha (Spencer Trace) Teulon, Film Director and Founder of Marmalade Magazine
- Samuel Sanders Teulon (1812-1873), British Victorian Architect
- Dorothea Viehmann (1755-1816), German storyteller, source for the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm
- John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892), American poet and advocate of the abolition of slavery
- Moira Demorest, Canadian Musician
Education
- Hosea Ballou II (1796-1861), first president of Tufts University
- Jean Belmain (d. after 1557), French scholar, French-language tutor to King Edward VI and Queen Elizabeth I
- Anthony Benezet (1713-1784), American Quaker educator and abolitionist
- Jacques Bongars (1554-1612), scholar
- James Bowdoin III (1752-1811), founder of Bowdoin College
- Ferdinand Buisson (1841-1932), educator, academic, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize winner
- Isaac Casaubon, scholar
- Meric Casaubon, scholar, translator
- Harriet Martineau, English writer, educational and economic reformer
- James Martineau, English philosopher, educator, Unitarian minister
- Lewis Page Mercier, British translator of Jules Verne into English
- Gabriel Monod, historian
- Petrus Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée), French humanist, logician, educational reformer
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Swiss writer, philosopher, social and educational theorist
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Entrepreneurs and businesspeople
- Karl Benz (1844-1929), German inventor
File:Carl Benz.png [1]Karl Benz - Warren Buffett (b. 1930), investor, wealthiest person in the world in 1995 and 2008
- Jean Calas (1698-1762), French merchant, son's murder case championed by Voltaire
- Jean Chardin (later Sir John Chardin) (1643-1713), French jeweller, traveller
- Samuel Courtauld (industrialist) (1793-1881), American-born British industrialist
- Samuel Courtauld (art collector), grandnephew of the industrialist, businessman, art collector
- Salomon de Brosse, French architect
- Robert Champion de Crespigny, Australian businessman
- Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer, inventor
- E. I. du Pont, founder of the duPont Company (US)
- Gustav Fabergé, Russian jeweller
- Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian jeweller
- James Gandon, Anglo-Irish Georgian architect
- Charles Gide, French economist
- Jean Francois Hobler, watch and clockmaker
- Howard Hughes, American inventor, industrialist, billionaire [2]
- Leonard Jerome, American financier, grandfather of Winston Churchill
- Benjamin Henry Latrobe, British-born architect of the United States Capitol
- Benjamin Henry Latrobe, II, American engineer
- Henry Laurens, American merchant, delegate to the Continental Congress
- Daniel Myron LeFever, American gunmaker
- Richard Leplastrier, Australian architect
- Pieter Francois Roux, South African Renewable energy
- John Pintard, American merchant, philanthropist
- Thomas Ravenel, American real estate developer, politician, reality TV star
- John D. Rockefeller, American capitalist
- Robert Lewis Roumieu, British architect
- Marvin Travis Runyon, American business executive
- Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist, businessman
- Gottfried Semper, German architect, art critic[3]
- John E. Tourtellotte (1969-1939), American architect
- Sam Walton (1918-1992), founder of Walmart and Sam's Club
- Obadiah Williams, Irish merchant
Journalism
- Reginald Bosanquet (1932-1984), British journalist and broadcaster
- Tom Brokaw (b. 1940), American television journalist, author
- Frank Deford (1938-2017), American sportswriter
- Rian Malan (b. 1954), South African journalist
- Giles Romilly (1916-1967),[citation needed] British journalist, Nazi POW, nephew of Winston Churchill
- Peregrine Worsthorne (1923-2020), British journalist
- John Merry Le Sage (1837-1926), British journalist
Law
- Charles Ancillon (1659-1715), French jurist, diplomat
- Claude Brousson (1647-1698), lawyer and preacher
- Antoine Court (1696-1760), French reformer
- Warder Cresson (1798-1860), American writer, first US consul to Jerusalem, convert to Judaism
- John Jay (1745-1829), first Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court
- Paul Ricœur (1913-2005), philosopher
- John Romilly (1802-1874), English judge
- Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut (1772-1840), German jurist
- Friedrich Karl von Savigny (1779-1861), German jurist
- William Teulon Swan Stallybrass (1883-1948), British Barrister, Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford
Medicine
- Lou Andreas-Salomé (1861-1937), Russian-born psychoanalyst and author
- Charles Angibaud, French-born British apothecary
- George de Benneville, physician and early Universalist
- Campbell De Morgan, British surgeon
- John Misaubin, French-born British physician
- Ambroise Paré (c. 1510-1590), French surgeon
- Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869), British physician, compiler of the thesaurus
Military
- John André (1751-1780), British officer, spy
- Francis Beaufort (1774-1857), hydrographer of the British Admiralty
- Salomon Blosset de Loche, French general
- John Blossett, British soldier, led British expedition to aid Simon Bolivar in the wars of independence against Spain
- Marquis Calmes, general, veteran of the American Revolution and the War of 1812.
- Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Union general in the US Civil War, governor of the state of Maine
- Frederick Cockayne Elton, Crimean War recipient of the Victoria Cross
- Piet Cronje, leader of the Transvaal Republic's military forces during the First and Second Anglo-Boer Wars
- François de Beauvais, Seigneur de Briquemault, French soldier
- Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, French general
- Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, French general
- Alfred Gardyne de Chastelain, British Army lieutenant colonel, member of the Special Operations Executive
- John de Chastelain, Canadian diplomat, general and chief of Defence Staff of the Canadian Forces
- Gaspard II de Coligny, French admiral
Gaspard II de Coligny - Hector Francois Chataigner de Cramahé, French soldier, assisted William of Orange in the taking of the British throne
- Peter de la Billière, British military commander
- François de la Noue, French soldier, called Bras-de-Fer (Iron Arm)
- Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French soldier, prince of Sedan, Marshal of France
- Ulrich de Maizière, German general
- John Watts de Peyster, American Brevet Major General in the American Civil War
- Henri, duc de Rohan, French soldier
- Jacques de Sores, pirate, nicknamed L'Ange Exterminateur (The Exterminating Angel)
- Charles de Téligny, French soldier, diplomat
- Jean du Casse, French buccaneer, admiral
- Christiaan du Toit, South African military commander
- Charles FitzRoy, British Army officer
- Henry Gage, 3rd Viscount Gage, major general in the British Army
- Adolf Galland, German Luftwaffe general, World War II fighter ace
- Johannes Petrus Gous (General), Commissioner of the South African Police from 1968 to 1971
- Henri Guisan, Commander-in-Chief of the Swiss Army during World War II
- Peter Horry, American Revolutionary War general
- Benjamin Huger, American Civil War general (Confederate)
- Petrus Jacobus Joubert, Boer commandant-general of the South African Republic from 1880 to 1900
- Jean L'Archevêque, French explorer, soldier, merchant-trader
- John Laurens, American Revolutionary War hero
- Curtis LeMay(1906-1990) American Air Force General and Air Force Chief of Staff
- François le Clerc, pirate known as Jambe de Bois (or Wooden Leg)
- Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq, Prussian general
- John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier Commander-in-Chief of the British Army
- Adolph Malan, South African World War II fighter pilot ace
- Magnus Malan, former South African Minister of Defence, Chief of the South African Defence Force, Chief of the South African Army
- Arthur Middleton Manigault, American Civil War general (Confederate)
- Francis Marion, American Revolutionary War guerrilla fighter
- Hans-Joachim Marseille, German Luftwaffe ace
- Peter Mawney, colonel, Rhode Island militia
- Charles Manigault Morris, American Navy officer (Confederate)
- Lewis Nicola, American Revolutionary War General (Union)
- George S Patton, Jr, US WWII Army general
- J. Johnston Pettigrew, American Civil War general (Confederate)
- George Pickett, American Civil War general (Confederate)
- Charles Portal, British Chief of the Air Staff 1940–1945 Combined Chiefs of Staff 1942–1945
- Paul Revere, American silversmith, famous for "Paul Revere's Ride" at the outbreak of the American War of Independence
- Jean Ribault, naval officer, colonizer
- Barry St. Leger, British officer
- Charles C. Tew, colonel Confederate States Army
- John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, Chief of the Imperial General Staff of the British Army, commander of the British Expeditionary Force (World War II), descendant of the North American Delancey family
- Constand Viljoen (1933-2020), leader of the South African Freedom Front, SADF general
- John Bordenave Villepigue (1830-1862), American Civil War general (Confederate)
- John C. Villepigue (1896-1943), Medal of Honor winner
- Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière (1886-1941), highest scoring German U-boat commander of World War I
- Curt von François (1852-1931), German soldier, administrator in German South-West Africa (now Namibia)
- Hermann von François (1856-1933), German World War I general
Politics and government
- David Provoost (1611-1656), Head of the Nine Men in New Amsterdam 1652, Notary Public, first sheriff of Breukelen (Brooklyn), counselor and attorney.
- John Bascom, American university president, writer
- Ruth Bascom, American politician, mayor of Eugene, Oregon
- Thomas Henry Barclay, American Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War and pre-Confederation Nova Scotian politician
- Isaac Barré, British politician, gave his name to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Barre, Massachusetts; and Barre, Vermont
- James A. Bayard, US Congressman
- John M. Berrien, United States senator from Georgia and Andrew Jackson's Attorney General
- Francis Bertie, 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame, British Ambassador to Italy, Ambassador to France
- Jessie Boucherett, English campaigner for women's rights
- Elias Boudinot, president of the Continental Congress
- James Bowdoin, Governor of Massachusetts
- James Bowdoin III, American statesman, philanthropist, benefactor of Bowdoin College
- Bryant Butler Brooks, Governor of Wyoming
- William Byrd I, early Virginia settler
- François Caron, French Director-General of the Dutch East India Company and the French East Indies Company
- Winston Churchill, British prime minister
- Sarel Cilliers, Boer Voortrekker
- Richard Walther Darré, NSDAP Reich Agricultural Minister
- Constant d'Aubigné, French nobleman, father of Madame de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV
- Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully, Marshal of France
- François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas, French statesman
- Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, founded Québec City, born into a Huguenot family, died a Roman Catholic
- Louise de Coligny, wife of William the Silent
- Hector Theophilus de Cramahé, Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, titular Lieutenant-Governor of Detroit
- Frederik Willem de Klerk, President of the Republic of South Africa, September 1989 – May 1994
- Johannes de la Montagne, physician of New Amsterdam and Vice-Director of New Netherland
- James DeLancey, Governor of New York
- Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval, first lieutenant governor of French Canada
- René Goulaine de Laudonnière, French explorer
- Lothar de Maizière, German politician
- Thomas de Maizière, German politician
- Isaac De Riemer, Mayor of New York City
- Maurice Couve de Murville, French prime minister
- Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse, Countess of Wilhelmsburg, grandmother of King George II of Great Britain
- Louis Dubois, colonist to New Netherland, co-founded New Paltz, New York
- Pierre Du Gua, Sieur de Monts, French colonizer of Canada
- Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French writer, economist, government official
- Alexander du Pre, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, 1806–1811
- D. F. du Toit, co-founder of Afrikaans language movement Society of Real Afrikaners
- S. G. du Toit, co-founder of Afrikaans language movement Society of Real Afrikaners
- Stephanus Jacobus du Toit, co-founder of Afrikaans language movement Society of Real Afrikaners
Stephanus Jacobus du Toit - Mareen Duvall, early Maryland settler
- Nigel Farage, British politician, former leader of UKIP
- Geoffrey FitzClarence, British Conservative politician
- Peter Force, American politician, archivist
- Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President of South Africa 1968–1975
- Frederick the Great of Prussia, son of Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and nephew of George II of Great Britain was matrilineally descended from Alexander II d'Esmiers, Marquis d'Olbreuse, a Huguenot
- Alonzo Garcelon, Governor of Maine
- George II of Great Britain, son of Sophia Dorothea of Celle was matrilineally descended from Alexander II d'Esmiers, Marquis d'Olbreuse, a minor member of the French nobility and a Huguenot
- Al Gore, former Vice-President of the United States
- Hermann Göring, German politician, military leader, leading member of the NSDAP[4]
- Jane Griffin (Lady Franklin), wife of Sir John Franklin
- François Guizot, French historian, statesman
- Alexander Hamilton, American Secretary of the Treasury
- Henry IV of France, king of France
- James Francis Helvetius Hobler, Chief Clerk to the Lord Mayors of London
- Sir James Houblon, merchant, Member of Parliament
- Sir John Houblon, First Governor of the Bank of England
- George Izard, Major General and Governor of Arkansas
- Ralph Izard, US Senator, President pro tempore of US Senate
- Jeanne III of Navarre, Queen of Navarre, mother of Henry IV of France
- Lionel Jospin, French prime minister
- Robert M. La Follette, Senator from Wisconsin, co-founder of the Progressive Party
- Charles La Trobe, first lieutenant-governor of the state of Victoria, Australia
- Charles Lyell, British politician and Conservative member of the House of Lords
- Hester Mahieu, wife of Francis Cooke, captain of the Mayflower, daughter of French-speaking Calvinists Jacques and Jenne/Jeanne Mahieu
- Daniel François Malan, South African Prime Minister elected on Apartheid platform
- Gideon Malherbe, co-founder of the Afrikaans language movement Society of Real Afrikaners
- Jan Masaryk, Czechoslovakian diplomat and politician
- Gouverneur Morris, American statesman, represented Pennsylvania in the Constitutional Convention
- Beyers Naudé, Afrikaner anti-apartheid activist, cleric
- Tom Naudé, acting President of South Africa 1967–1968
- Oscar Neebe, American labor movement leader
- Sarah Palin, American politician, Governor of Alaska, US presidential candidate
- Daniel Perrin, one of the first permanent European inhabitants of Staten Island, New York
- Arthur Cecil Pigou, English economist
- George Poindexter, US Congressman
- The Right Hon. Sir Timothy Raison, UK politician
- Élisée Reclus, geographer, anarchist
- Piet Retief, Boer Voortrekker
- Daniel Roberdeau, Congressman, militia general
- Michel Rocard, French Prime minister
- Esmond Romilly, British socialist, anti-fascist
- Samuel Romilly, English legal reformer, Member of Parliament
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States
- Sara Roosevelt, mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Theodore Runyon, American lawyer, politician, Civil War general, New Jersey court judge, first US ambassador to Germany
- William Nelson Runyon, American lawyer, politician, Governor of New Jersey
- Thilo Sarrazin, German economist, formerly politician and member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank
- Jedediah Smith, American explorer, mountain man
- Eugène Terre'Blanche South African political activist
- Charles Tupper (1821-1915), Canadian father of Confederation, Premier of Nova Scotia (1864–1867), 7th Prime Minister of Canada (1896) was reputed to be a Huguenot descendant
- Luis Vernet (1791-1871), Argentine Governor of the Falkland Islands
- Joe Biden, 46th President of United Stages of America, his paternal grand mother was a Huguenot descendant.
Religion
- Jacques Abbadie, French theologian
- Moses Amyraut, French theologian, proponent of Amyraldism
- Hosea Ballou, American preacher, co-founder of Universalist theology in America
- Thomas Barclay, English missionary to Taiwan
- Henry Bidleman Bascom, US Congressional chaplain, Methodist bishop
- Theodore Beza, French theologian
- David Blondel, French clergyman, historian, classical scholar
- Laurent du Bois, Boston pastor
- John Calvin, French-born Swiss theologian
- Louis Cappel, French clergyman, Hebrew scholar
- Sebastian Castellio, theologian, early proponent of freedom of conscience
- Jean Daillé, French theologian
- Odet de Coligny, former cardinal
- Guillaume de Félice, Comte de Panzutti, French abolitionist, theologian
- Jessé de Forest, leader of a group of Walloon-Huguenots who fled Europe due to religious persecutions
- William Farel, theologian
- Abraham Faure, clergyman, author in the Cape Colony
- John Gano, Baptist preacher and Revolutionary War chaplain
- Pierre Jurieu, French pastor and author
- Paul Lorrain (d. 1719), secretary to Samuel Pepys, Anglican clergyman, ordinary of Newgate Prison
- Andrew Lortie, theologian
- Adolphe Monod (1802-1856), pastor
- Frédéric Monod (1794-1863), pastor
- Félix Pécaut (1828-1898), pastor and educator
- Josué de la Place (c. 1596 - 1665 or possibly 1655), French theologian
- Samuel Provoost (1742-1815), American clergyman
- Paul Rabaut (1718-1794), pastor
- Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne (1743-1793), pastor, Girondist
- Charles Spurgeon (1834-1892), first pastor of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, founder of a theological college, almshouses and orphanage, writer
Science
- Florence Bascom (1862-1945), American geologist
- Paul D. Boyer (1918-2018), American chemist, Nobel Prize winner[5]
- Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist
- Abraham de Moivre, French-born British mathematician
- Augustus De Morgan, British mathematician
- John Theophilus Desaguliers, French-born British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer, freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton
- Alexander du Toit, South African geologist
- Daniel du Toit, South African astronomer
- Paul J. Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize winner[6]
Paul J. Flory - Gideon Joubert, Afrikaans science non-fiction author
- Matthew Fontaine Maury, father of modern oceanography and naval meteorology
- Jacques Monod, biologist, Nobel Prize winner
- Théodore Monod, naturalist, explorer, activist
- Arthur Alcock Rambaut, Royal Astronomer of Ireland, Radcliffe Observer at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford University
- Roger Revelle, one of the first scientists to study global warming and tectonic plates
- Yves Rocard, French nuclear physicist
- Francis Peyton Rous, American virologist, Nobel Prize winner[7]
- Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist
- Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist
- Philipp von Jolly, German physicist and mathematician[8]
- The Wright Brothers, American inventors and aviation pioneers
Sport
- Richie Benaud (1930-2015), Australian cricketer, commentator
- Andy Blignaut (b. 1978), Zimbabwean cricketer
- Roy Cazaly (1893-1963), Australian Rules footballer
- Brandi Chastain (b. 1968), US soccer player
- Tony Cottee (b. 1965), West Ham United and England footballer
- Piers Courage (1942-1970), English racing driver
- Hansie Cronje (1969-2002), South African cricketer
- Phil de Glanville (b. 1968), England rugby union international
- AB De Villiers (b. 1984), South African cricketer
- Faf du Plessis (b. 1984), South African cricketer
- Jürgen Hahn (b. 1950), German handball player
- Paul Michael Levesque (b. 1969), American pro wrestler famous under pseudonym of Triple H
- Andre Nel (b. 1977), South African cricketer
- François Pienaar (b. 1967), captain of the Springboks
- Elfrida Pigou (1911-1960), Canadian mountaineer
- Francois du Toit Roux (b.1939), Springbok rugby player
- Juan Theron (b. 1985), South African cricketer
- Ross Chastain (b. 1992), NASCAR driver
Other
- Jane Franklin (1791-1875), wife of Sir John Franklin
- Abraham Salle (1670-1719), immigrant and colonist
- Fictional character Peter Griffin was called a self-described Huguenot in Family Guy. However, the character is in fact an Irish-American Catholic.
References
- ^ "The Birthplace". tribut-an-carl-benz.de. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
- ^ Barlett, Donald L. and Steele, James B. Howard Hughes: His Life and Madness Norton, 2011, p. 29.
- ^ Mallgrave, Harry Francis (1996). Gottfried Semper: Architect of the Nineteenth Century. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. p. 11. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
- ^ Singer, Kurt D. (1940). Göring: Germany's most dangerous man. London and Melbourne: Hutchinson & Co. p. 16. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ^ "Paul D. Boyer - Biographical". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ^ "Paul J. Flory - Biographical". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ^ "Peyton Rous - Biographical". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ^ "Deutsche Biographie - Jolly". deutsche-biographie.de. Retrieved 2018-08-05.