1870

1870 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1870; MDCCCLXX
Ab urbe condita	2623
Armenian calendar	1319; ԹՎ ՌՅԺԹ
Assyrian calendar	6620
Baháʼí calendar	26–27
Balinese saka calendar	1791–1792
Bengali calendar	1277
Berber calendar	2820
British Regnal year	33 Vict. 1 – 34 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2414
Burmese calendar	1232
Byzantine calendar	7378–7379
Chinese calendar	己巳年 (Earth Snake); 4567 or 4360; — to —; 庚午年 (Metal Horse); 4568 or 4361
Coptic calendar	1586–1587
Discordian calendar	3036
Ethiopian calendar	1862–1863
Hebrew calendar	5630–5631
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1926–1927
- Shaka Samvat	1791–1792
- Kali Yuga	4970–4971
Holocene calendar	11870
Igbo calendar	870–871
Iranian calendar	1248–1249
Islamic calendar	1286–1287
Japanese calendar	Meiji 3; (明治３年)
Javanese calendar	1798–1799
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4203
Minguo calendar	42 before ROC; 民前42年
Nanakshahi calendar	402
Thai solar calendar	2412–2413
Tibetan calendar	阴土蛇年; (female Earth-Snake); 1996 or 1615 or 843; — to —; 阳金马年; (male Iron-Horse); 1997 or 1616 or 844

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century; 19th century ; 20th century;
Decades:	1850s; 1860s; 1870s ; 1880s; 1890s;
Years:	1867; 1868; 1869; 1870 ; 1871; 1872; 1873;

Template:C19YearInTopicX Year 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1870

January - March

January 1
- First edition of The Northern Echo newspaper published.
- Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
January 3 - Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.
January 6 - The inauguration of the Musikverein (Vienna).
January 10 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
January 15 - A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the United States Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly).
January 26 - Reconstruction: Virginia rejoins the Union.
January 27 - First college sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, is established at DePauw University.
February - Vrain Denis-Lucas in sentenced for two years in prison for multiple forgery in Paris.
February 1 - Goodna State School in Goodna, Queensland, Australia is founded.
February 2 - It is revealed that the famed Cardiff Giant was just carved gypsum and not the petrified remains of a human.
February 3 - The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed.
February 10
- Anaheim, California is incorporated.
- The YWCA is founded in New York City.
February 12 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
February 23 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
February 25 - Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress.
February 26 - In New York City, the first pneumatic-subway is opened.
February 28 - The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
March 2 - Francisco Solano López' last troops cornered by Triple Alliance troops at Cerro Cora. López refuses to surrender and is killed. Fighting ends in Paraguay - the War of the Triple Alliance is over.
March 3 - Thomas Scott is executed by Louis Reil's provisional government during the Red River Rebellion in modern day Manitoba Canada.
March 19 - Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College, later The Ohio State University.
March 24 - Syracuse University is established and officially opens.
March 30
- The 15th Amendment is entered into the United States Constitution, giving blacks the right to vote.
- Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
March 31 - Thomas Mundy Peterson the first African-American to vote in an election.

April - June

May 12 - The Canadian province of Manitoba is created in response to Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion.
May 14 - First rugby match to be played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College.
May 24 - The Port Adelaide Football Club play their first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville, South Australia.
June 9 - The author and actor Charles Dickens dies after suffering from a stroke. The inscription on his tomb reads: "He was a sympathiser to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world."
June 22 - The U.S. Congress creates the Department of Justice.
June 26
- Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.
- Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre is first performed at Munich's National Theatre.

July - September

July 13 - The Ems Dispatch serves as a reason for a war between Prussia and France.
July 15 - Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union, and the CSA is dissoluted.
July 16 - Lambert McKenna is born, Irish scholar.
July 19 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
August 8 - The Republic of Ploieşti, a failed rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
August 24 - The Red River Rebellion ends with the arrival of the Wolseley Expedition and the fleeing of Louis Riel.
September 2 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan - Prussian forces defeat the French armies and take emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at Sedan.
September 4 - Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugenie flees to England with her children.
September 6 - Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since 1807.
September 20 - With Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed. End of the last remnant of the Papal States.

October - December

October 2 - Referendum in Rome supports joining Italy with 133681 against 1500. Decision is made official
October 6. Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
October 8 - Leon Michel Gambetta escapes the besieged Paris in a hot-air balloon.
November 1 - In the United States, the newly-created Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
November 16 - Spanish Cortes Generales proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King Amadeus I of Spain.
December 30 - Assassination of Juan Prim, Prime minister of Spain.

Births

January - June

January 2 - Ernst Barlach, German sculptor, graphic artist, and poet (d. 1938)
January 6 - Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944)
January 8 - Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain (d. 1930)
January 11 - Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
February 7 - Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (d. 1937)
February 12 - Marie Lloyd, English singer (d. 1922)
March 4 - Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet, author and artist (d. 1944)
March 5 - Rosa Luxemburg, Polish-born German political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary (d. 1919)
March 5 - Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
March 13 - Seale Harris, American Physician (d. 1957)
March 17 - Horace Donisthorpe, English entomologist (d. 1951)
March 20 - Paul Erich von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
April 1 - Hamaguchi Osachi, 27th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1931)
April 4 - George Albert Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1951)
April 22 - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary and first Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1924)
April 30 - Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948)
May 9 - Harry Vardon, English Golf Professional (d. 1937)
May 19 - Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936)
June 8 - Death of Charles Dickens, a English novelist.
June 13 - Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)

July - December

July 3 - Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
July 12 - Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949)
July 25 - Maxfield Parrish, American illustrator (d. 1966)
July 29 - George Dixon, Canadian boxer (d. 1909)
August 3 - Caroline Celestia "Carrie" Ingalls, née Swanzey, Younger sister of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. June 2, 1946)
August 11 - Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912)
August 31 - Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952)
September 25 - James A. Hawken, Schoolteacher (d. 1964)
September 26 - King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
September 30 - Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
October 10 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
November 21 - Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official (d. 1964)
November 27 - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956)
December 5 - Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (d. 1949)
December 10 - Mary Bonaparte, pretender to the French imperial throne (d. 1947)
December 12 - Walter Benona Sharp, American oil pioneer (d. 1912)
December 18 - Saki, English writer (d. 1916)

See also Category: 1870 births.

Deaths

January - June

January 29 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
February 7 - Sylvain Salnave a Hatian president (b. 1827)
February 19 - Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (b. 1812)
March 11 - Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786?)
March 28 - George Henry Thomas, American general (b. 1816)
May 6 - Sir James Young Simpson, Scottish physician and researcher (b. 1811)
June 9 - Charles Dickens, British novelist (b. 1812)
June 24 - Adam Lindsay Gordon, Australian poet (b. 1833)

July - December

July 20 - Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt, French writer and publisher (b. 1830)
September 12 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author and explorer (b. 1836)
September 23 - Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803)
October 12 - Robert E. Lee, American Confederate general (b. 1807)
November 24 - Comte de Lautreamont, French poet and writer (b. 1846)
November 28 - Frédéric Bazille, French painter (b. 1841)
December 5 - Alexandre Dumas, père, French author (b. 1802)
December 27 - General Prim, Spanish dictator (b. 1814)
date unknown - Patrick MacDowell, Northern Irish sculptor (b. 1799)

See also Category: 1870 deaths.