Rokot

The Rockot (also Rokot) (Template:Lang-ru) is a Russian space launch vehicle that can launch a payload of 1,950 kilogrammes into a 200 kilometre high Earth orbit with 63° inclination. It is a derivative of the UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), supplied and operated by Eurockot Launch Services. The first launches started in the 1990s from Baikonur Cosmodrome out of a silo. Later commercial launches commenced from Plesetsk Cosmodrome using a launch ramp specially rebuilt from one for the Cosmos-3M rocket. The cost of a commercial launch is estimated at 13 to 15 million United States dollars.

Specifications

Rockot's total mass is 107 tonnes, its length 29 metres and its maximum diameter 2.5 metres. The liquid-fueled rocket comprises three stages: the lower two are based on the Soviet UR-100N ICBM; the third stage is a Breeze-KM. All stages use UDMH (unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine) as fuel and dinitrogen tetroxide as oxidiser. The Strela is a similar rocket, also based on the SS-19.

History

The first suborbital test launch succeeded on 1990 November 20 in Baikonur Cosmodrome. On 1994 December 26 Rockot brought its first satellite into Earth orbit. Eurockot Launch Services GmbH, a joint venture between EADS SPACE Transportation and the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, markets the rockets today, moving the launch site to Plesetsk. There, the first launch took place on 2000 May 16. Also the Russian space centre Svobodny has SS-19 launch silos, which can be modified for Rockots if required.

After a number of successful launches, on 2005 October 8 a Rockot carrying a European Space Agency satellite, CryoSat, the launch vehicle 2nd stage main engine was not shut down properly, resulting in a catastrophic failure and automatic termination of the launch mission by the on-board computer, resulting in the loss of the payload. After the failed CryoSat launch, all Rockot launches were suspended until the failure was identified. The root cause was unambiguously identified and the corrective measures for Rockot's return-to-flight were implemented for the South Korean Kompsat-2 earth observation satellite launch which took place successfully on July 28, 2006.

Launch table

as of: 2006 July 28

Date (UTC)	Type	Launch site	Payload	Payload type	Notes
1990 November 20	Rockot/Breeze-K	Ba LC131	–	experimental payload	Suborbital, success
1991 20 December	Rockot/Breeze-K	Ba LC175/1	–	experimental payload	Suborbital, success
1994 26 December	Rockot/Breeze-K	Ba LC175/1	Radio-ROSTO	Amateur radio satellite	success, first orbital mission
1999 22 December	Rockot/Breeze-K	Pl LC133	RSVN-40	experimental payload	no launch, rocket irreperably damaged during preparation
2000 16 May	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	SimSat-1 and 2	Iridium-mock-ups	success
2002 17 March	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	GRACE-1 and 2	research satellite	success
2002 20 June	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	Iridium-97 and 98	communication satellites	success
2003 30 June	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	MIMOSA, DTUSat, MOST, Cute-I, QuakeSat, AAU-Cubesat, Can X-1, Cubesat-XI, Monitor-E mockup	NLS satellites and Monitor-E-Mockup	success
2003 30 October	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	SERVIS-1	Japanese test satellite	success
2005 26 August	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	Monitor-E1	earth observation satellite	success
2005 8 October	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	CryoSat	earth observation satellite	failure, launch terminated after 2nd stage main engine was not shut down correctly, resulting in an explosion, causing the vehicle to exceed its flight envelope limit and thereby causing the automatic termination of the launch and the re-entry of the combined Rockot 2nd stage/3rd stage/CryoSat spacecraft stack
2006 28 July	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	KOMPSAT 2	earth observation satellite	success

Planned launches

Date (UTC)	Type	Launch site	Payload	Payload type	Notes
2008	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	GOCE	ESA earth observation satellite
2008	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	SMOS, PROBA-2 ^[1]	ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and ESA Project for On-Board Autonomy
2009	Rockot/Breeze-KM	Pl LC133	SERVIS-2	Japanese test satellite	Announced February 15, 2007^[2]

References

^ Eurockot Launch Service Provider
^ "SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot". EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH.

External links

www.eurockot.com Website of Eurockot Launch Service Provider
www.russianspaceweb.com/rockot.html Rockot history
Space.com article on CryoSat launch failure

[1] Eurockot Launch Service Provider

[2] "SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot". EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH.

[1]

[2]

v t e Soviet and Russian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b 2-1v UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased RS1^† Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 12 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)