FC Bayern Munich
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Full name | FC Bayern München AG | ||
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Nickname(s) | Der FCB (The FCB) Die Bayern (The Bavarians) Die Roten (The Reds) | ||
Founded | February 27, 1900 | ||
Ground | Allianz Arena | ||
Capacity | 69,901 | ||
Chairman | Franz Beckenbauer | ||
Head Coach | Jürgen Klinsmann | ||
League | Bundesliga | ||
2007–08 | Bundesliga, 1st | ||
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FC Bayern Munich (German: FC Bayern München) is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. Bayern Munich is one of the most successful clubs in the world. With 2 Intercontinental Cups, 4 European Champions League titles, 1 UEFA Cup title, 1 Cup Winners' Cup title, 21 national championships, and 14 German Cups, Bayern Munich is Germany's foremost football club. Bayern is a membership based club and with more than 140,000 members, the third largest in the world after SL Benfica and FC Barcelona.[1] Bayern also has departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling and table tennis.
The club and its vicinity
Bayern is one of three professional football clubs in Munich. Bayern's main local rival is TSV 1860 Munich, who were the more successful club in the 1960s, winning a cup and a championship. 1860 have since moved between the first and second divisions. 1860 are often referred to by sections of the Bayern support as "gymnasts", insinuating a lack of footballing pedigree. The rivalry has, at least from a Bayern point of view, lost importance over the last decade, reflecting the lopsided state of the achievements of the two clubs and the absence of players for whom local grudges would still matter. 1860 is considered more working-class, and therefore suffers from a diminishing fan base in a city where the manufacturing sector is declining whilst tertiary industries are booming.
The SpVgg Unterhaching from the semi-rural southern outskirts of town is the third force. They celebrated their biggest success in 1999 when they managed to gain promotion to the Bundesliga and stay in the top flight for a second season. Since then they have been playing in the second Bundesliga and the third division, the Regionalliga. At present they are struggling in the Regionalliga. Their loyal fans constitute a "cult" following.
Bayern is considered the establishment club, which is reflected by their board being stacked with business leaders and the former Bavarian minister president. Their following is mainly recruited from the aspiring middle class and regional Bavaria. A large proportion of their supporters have to travel up to 200km (ca. 120 miles) regularly, to the club's home matches, thus matches on weekday evenings attract lower attendance. Since Bayern has been the most successful club during the last decades, the team is either liked or disliked in Germany.
These days Bayern considers itself a national club, which is reflected in polls determining them as both the most popular and most loathed club all over the country. Bayern's main rivals are always the clubs who put up the strongest fight against its national dominance. In the 1970s this was Borussia Mönchengladbach, in later years this category has expanded to include Hamburger SV and Werder Bremen. In the last decade or so, Borussia Dortmund and Bayer Leverkusen have emerged as the most ardent opponents. Recently Schalke 04, and again Bremen have been the main challengers in league play, and Alemannia Aachen in the German Cup tournament. Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid and AC Milan and Manchester United due to many classic wins, draws and losses.
Organization and finance
Professional football at Bayern is run by the spin-off organization FC Bayern München AG. AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft, and Bayern is run like a joint stock company, a company whose stock are not listed on the public stock exchange, but is privately owned. 90% of FC Bayern München AG is owned by the club, the FC Bayern München e. V. (e. V. is short for Eingetragener Verein, which translates into "Registered Club") and 10% by sports goods marketers Adidas, which are also a major sponsor of the club. Adidas acquired its shares in 2002 for €77m.
Among the main advertising partners of the club are Deutsche Telekom (jersey rights), Audi, Siemens, Lufthansa airlines and Coca-Cola. In previous years the jersey rights were held by Adidas (1974-78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco (trucks / 1978-84), Commodore (computers / 1984-89) and Opel (1989-2002)
The President of the club is Franz Beckenbauer. He is also chairman of the supervisory board of the AG. The Chairman of the executive board of the AG is Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, also a former player of the club. However, most of the actual power is exercised by another former player, Uli Hoeness, who is officially deputy chairman of the executive board of the AG; his position is best described as general manager. He has been in office since 1979.
In 2007 the club reported record profits despite a poor year of on pitch performance, with an after tax profit of 18.9 million Euros.[2]
History
FC Bayern Munich was founded by members of a Munich gymnastics club (MTV 1879). When a congregation of members of MTV 1879 decided on February 27th that the footballers of the club would not be allowed to join the DFB, eleven members of the football division left the congregation and on the same evening founded the FC Bayern Munich. Within in the first months FC Bayern Munich achieved high victories against all local rivals and reached the semifinals of the 1900/01 southgerman championship.
In the following years the club won some local trophies until in 1910/1911 FC Bayern Munich joined the newly found "Kreisliga", the first regional Bavarian league. They won this league in the first year, but could not win it again until the begin of World War I, which halted all football activities in Germany.
In the years after the war FC Bayern Munich could win some more regional honours until the club in 1926 won the first southgerman championship, an achievement repeated two years later. Their first national honour was gained in 1932, winning the German championship by defeating Eintracht Frankfurt 2-0 in the final. The advent of the Hitler regime put an abrupt end to Bayern's development. The president and the coach, both of whom were Jewish, left the country. Many others in the club also saw themselves purged. In the following years, Bayern, taunted as the "Jew's club", decayed into irrelevance.[3]
After the war Bayern became a member of the southern conference of the German first division, which was split five ways at that time, the Oberliga Süd. Bayern struggled, and in 1955 suffered the ignominy of relegation. The following season the club returned to the Oberliga and even won the German Cup for the first time, beating Fortuna Düsseldorf 1-0 in the final. The club progressed to become one of the better sides of the league, but struggled financially, verging on bankruptcy at the end of the 1950s. Manufacturer Roland Endler provided the necessary funds and was rewarded with four years at the helm of the club. In 1963 the Oberligas in Germany were consolidated to one national league, the Bundesliga. Bayern were denied membership, but gained promotion two years later, fielding a team with young talents like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller and Sepp Maier - who would later be collectively referred to as the axis.
In their first Bundesliga season Bayern finished third and also won the German Cup, qualifying for the European Cup Winners Cup, which they won in the following year in a dramatic final against Scottish club Rangers, when Franz "the Bull" Roth scored the decider in a 1-0 extra time victory. In 1967 Bayern retained the German Cup, but slow overall progress saw a new coach, Branko Zebec take over. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history, using only 13 players throughout the season.
1970 saw a new coach, Udo Lattek, taking charge. After winning the cup in his first season he led Bayern to their third German championship. The deciding match in the 1971-72 season against Schalke 04 was the first match in the brand new Olympic Stadium, and was also the first live televised match in Bundesliga history. Bayern swept Schalke away 5-1 and thus claimed the title, also setting several records, including points gained and goals scored. Bayern also won the next 2 championships, but the zenith was the triumph in the 1974 European Champions Cup final against Atlético Madrid, which Bayern won 4-0 after a replay. In the following season the team was unsuccessful domestically, but defended their European title by defeating Leeds United in the final when "Bull" Roth and Müller secured victory with their late goals. A year later in Glasgow, AS Saint-Étienne were defeated by another Franz Roth goal and Bayern became the third club to win the trophy in 3 consecutive years. The final trophy won by Bayern in this era was the Intercontinental Cup, in which Brazilian club Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte were defeated over two legs.
The 1980s were a period of off-field turmoil for Bayern, with many changes in personnel and financial problems. On the field, the Bundesliga title was won in 1980 and 1981, but for the German Cup win in 1982, two relatively unsuccessful seasons followed, after which former coach Udo Lattek returned. Bayern won the 1984 cup final, then went on to win 5 championships in 6 seasons, including a double in 1986. However, European success was elusive during the decade; Bayern only managed to claim the runners-up spot in the European Cup in 1982 and 1987. Bayern's form dipped after their 1990 championship win, the club finishing just five points above the relegation places in 1991/92. Success returned when Franz Beckenbauer took over for the 2nd half of the 1993-94 season, winning the Championship again after a 3 year gap. Beckenbauer was then appointed club president, but his successors as coach did not meet expectations. During this time Bayern's players frequently appeared in the gossip pages of the press rather than the sports pages, resulting in the nickname FC Hollywood. Franz Beckenbauer returned as coach, and led his team to victory in the 1996 UEFA Cup, beating Bordeaux in the final.
From 1998-2004 Bayern were coached by Ottmar Hitzfeld, who became the most successful Bayern coach of all time. In Hitzfeld's first season, Bayern won the Bundesliga and came agonisingly close to winning the Champions League, losing 2-1 to Manchester United conceding two goals in injury time after leading for most of the match. The 1999-2000 season resulted in Bayern winning their third league and cup double. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won in a finish on the final day of the league season. Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25 year gap, defeating Valencia CF on penalties. The 2001-02 season finished trophyless for Bayern in the Bundesliga, but they won the Intercontinental Cup for the second time. But a season later Bayern won their fourth double, winning the league title by a record margin. Hitzfeld's reign ended in ignominious fashion in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including a cup defeat by 2nd division Alemannia Aachen.
Prior to the start of the 2005-06 season, Bayern moved from the Olympic Stadium to the new Allianz Arena, which the club shares with TSV 1860. In summer 2006 TSV 1860 Munich had to sell its shares of the Allianz Arena to Bayern Munich due to a financial crisis. Bayern Munich now is the single owner of the Arena as in November 2007 TSV 1860 Munich forfeited its option to repurchase its shares.
Former Bayern coach Ottmar Hitzfeld returned to Munich in January 2007 after Felix Magath was sacked. Bayern finished the 2006-07 season fourth with 65 points, thus failing to qualify for the Champions League for the first imt in more than a decade. Additional losses in the DFB Cup and the League Cup left the club with no honours for the season.
For the 2007-2008 season, Bayern Munich made drastic squad changes to help retool and rebuild. They signed a total of 8 new players (and also, sold/released or loaned out 9 players). Luca Toni from ACF Fiorentina, Miroslav Klose from Werder Bremen and record signing Franck Ribery from Olympique Marseille headlined the signings. The new additions paid off, as the Reds would go on to win 2008 German Cup and the Bundesliga, being on top of the standings on every single day of play.
On January 11, 2008 it was announced that Jürgen Klinsmann would succeed Ottmar Hitzfeld as Manager on July 1, 2008. He signed on with a two year contract. [4]
Stadium
Before 1925 Bayern had played at various premises, one of their earlier grounds sporting the town's first grandstand.
From 1925 they shared the Grünwalder Stadion with 1860 Munich. Until World War II the stadium was owned by 1860 Munich, and is still colloquially known as Sechzger ("Sixties") Stadium nowadays. It was destroyed during the war, and efforts for refurbishment ended up as a patchwork. Conclusions about its state can be drawn from the fact that the stadium did not host a single German international match after WWI, despite Munich being Germany's third largest city. Bayern's record crowds according to conflicting sources, were either 48,000 in 1948, or 52,000 in 1961 in matches against 1. FC Nuremberg. In the Bundesliga era the stadium had a maximum capacity of 44,000 which was reached on several occasions. As was the case at most of this period's stadia, the vast majority of the stadium was given over to terracing.
For the Olympic Games of 1972 the city of Munich built the Olympic Stadium. The stadium, still highly impressive with its architectural lightness, was inaugurated in the last Bundesliga match of the 1971-72 season, drawing a capacity crowd of 79,000, which was reached on numerous occasions. The stadium was, in its early days, considered to be one of the foremost stadia in the world and played host to numerous major finals, such as that of 1974 FIFA World Cup. In the years to follow the stadium underwent several modifications, such as an increase in seating space from approximately 50% to ca. 66%. Eventually the stadium had a capacity of 63,000 for national matches, and 59,000 for international occasions, e.g. European Cup competitions. Many people, however, began to feel that the stadium was too cold in winter, with half the audience exposed to the weather due to lack of cover. A further complaint was the distance between the spectators and the pitch, the stadium betraying its track and field heritage. Modification of the stadium proved impossible as it would have interfered with its heritage listed architecture.
In 2002 Bayern and TSV 1860 jointly undertook the construction of a new stadium, designed purely for football resulting in the modern Allianz Arena, located on the northern outskirts of Munich. It has been in use since the beginning of the 2005-06 season, while its initial capacity of 66,000 fully covered seats has since been increased for matches on national level to 69,900 by transforming 3,000 seats to terracing in a 2:1 ratio. The most interesting feature of the stadium is the translucent outer layer, which can be illuminated in different colours for impressive effects. The first player to score a goal in it was Owen Hargreaves against Borussia Mönchengladbach in their 3-0 win.
Training facility
FC Bayern Munich training facilities, for both the professional and the Junior Team, are located at the Bayern Munich Headquarters.[5] There are four grass pitches, one of which has undersoil heating, one artificial grass field and a multi-functional sports hall.
The players' quarters, which opened in 1990, offers a big dressing room, a massage room, a doctor's surgery room, a relaxation bath, a whirlpool, a state-of-the-art rehabilitation centre and a conference room with screening facilities for video analysis.
One visible component of this facility is the club's Youth House, which houses up to 13 rising young stars from outside the city, working on their development as footballers as part of Bayern's highly successful Junior Team. The value of this particular facility has been demonstrated by Bayern's capture of Germany's senior youth championship in 2001 and 2002, and the emergence of stars such as Paolo Guerrero and Owen Hargreaves, both former residents of the Youth House..
Honours
- German Champions: 21 (record)
- German Cup: 14 (record)
- League Cup: 6 (record)
- 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007
- German Supercup: 3
- 1982 (Unofficial), 1987, 1990
- Fuji-Cup: 2
- 1994, 1995
- Intercontinental Cup: 2
- 1976, 2001
Other trophies
Club culture
- Bayern Munich is renowned for its well-organised ultra scene. The most prominent groups are the *Schickeria München, the Red Munichs '89, the Südkurve '73, the Munichmaniacs 1996, the Service Crew Munich, the Red Angels, the Tavernen Crew München and the Red Sharks.
- Bayern's main local rivals are TSV 1860 Munich and further afield 1. FC Nuremberg. A former fan friendship with VfL Bochum has gradually fizzled out.
- Stern des Südens is the song which fans sing at FCB home games. In the 1990s they also used to sing 'FC Bayern, Forever Number One'.
Players
see also: Bayern Munich II, Bayern Munich Junior Team
Current squad
As of June 26, 2008. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Players out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers Summer 2008.
Noted players
Three Bayern Munich players have been named European Player of the Year; Gerd Müller (1970), Franz Beckenbauer (1972 and 1976) and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (1980 and 1981). Several Bayern players have been named German Footballer of the Year, giving a total of 16 titles, more than any other club. A Bayern player has been the season's top goalscorer in the Bundesliga on 12 occasions, with Gerd Müller winning the Golden Boot for the top goalscorer in any European league twice.
"Bayern's Greatest-Ever" squad
The "Greatest Ever" squad. The coach chosen was Ottmar Hitzfeld. |
On June 1 2005, on the opening of the new Allianz Arena, Bayern Munich[6] announced the results of its online poll for the "Bayern's Greatest Ever" squad. 66,000 fans voted for players from a shortlist presented to them.
Notable past players
World Cup winners
Highlighted Players played for Bayern Munich while winning the World Cup.
- Hans Bauer (Switzerland 1954)
- Karl Mai (Switzerland 1954)
- Franz Beckenbauer (Germany 1974)*
- Paul Breitner (Germany 1974)
- Jupp Heynckes (Germany 1974)**
- Uli Hoeneß (Germany 1974)
- Jupp Kapellmann (Germany 1974)
- Sepp Maier (Germany 1954)
- Gerd Müller (Germany 1974)
- Georg Schwarzenbeck (Germany 1974)
- Raimond Aumann (Italy 1990)
- Klaus Augenthaler (Italy 1990)
- Thomas Berthold (Italy 1990)
- Andreas Brehme (Italy 1990)
- Jürgen Klinsmann (Italy 1990)
- Jürgen Kohler (Italy 1990)
- Lothar Matthäus (Italy 1990)
- Hans Pflügler (Italy 1990)
- Stefan Reuter (Italy 1990)
- Olaf Thon (Italy 1990)
- Jorginho (USA 1994)
- Paulo Sérgio (USA 1994)
- Bixente Lizarazu (France 1998)
- Lúcio (Korea-Japan 2002)
- Luca Toni (Germany 2006)
* Franz Beckenbauer won the World Cup 1974 as player and 1990 as coach. He was also player and later coach for Bayern Munich.
** Jupp Heynckes won the World Cup as player and later became coach of Bayern Munich.
Coaches
Name | from | until | days | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jürgen Klinsmann | 1. July 2008 | Present | ||
Ottmar Hitzfeld | 1. February 2007 | 30. June 2008 | 516 | |
Felix Magath | 1. July 2004 | 31. January 2007 | 945 | |
Ottmar Hitzfeld | 1. July 1998 | 30. June 2004 | 2192 | |
Giovanni Trapattoni | 1. July 1996 | 30. June 1998 | 730 | |
Franz Beckenbauer | 29. April 1996 | 30. June 1996 | 63 | |
No coach | 28. April 1996 | 28. April 1996 | 1 | |
Otto Rehhagel | 1. July 1995 | 27. April 1996 | 302 | |
Giovanni Trapattoni | 1. July 1994 | 30. June 1995 | 365 | |
Franz Beckenbauer | 7. January 1994 | 30. June 1994 | 175 | |
No coach | 28. December 1993 | 6. January 1994 | 10 | |
Erich Ribbeck | 12. March 1992 | 27. December 1993 | 656 | |
Søren Lerby | 9. October 1991 | 11. March 1992 | 155 | |
Jupp Heynckes | 1. July 1987 | 8. October 1991 | 1561 | |
Udo Lattek | 1. July 1983 | 30. June 1987 | 1461 | |
Reinhard Saftig | 17. May 1983 | 30. June 1983 | 45 | |
Pál Csernai | 1. March 1979 | 16. May 1983 | 1538 | |
Gyula Lóránt | 2. December 1977 | 28. February 1979 | 454 | |
Dettmar Cramer | 16. January 1975 | 1. December 1977 | 1051 | |
No coach | 3. January 1975 | 15. January 1975 | 13 | |
Udo Lattek | 14. March 1970 | 2. January 1975 | 1756 | |
Branko Zebec | 1. July 1968 | 13. March 1970 | 621 | |
Zlatko Čajkovski | 1. July 19651) | 30. June 1968 | 1096 | |
1) actually since 1963 (Regionalliga, then second division)
Notable pre-1965 former coaches
- Richard Dombi (1931-1933)
- Billy Townley (1914, 1919-1921)
See also Category:Bayern Munich managers
Statistics
Team trivia
This article contains a list of miscellaneous information. (December 2007) |
- Famous Bayern fans include tennis legend Boris Becker and former Bavaria Minister-President Edmund Stoiber. They both serve (Mr. Stoiber as co-Chairman) on the club's advisory board. The German NBA Player Dirk Nowitzki and Pope Benedict XVI are also fans of the club.
- On March 7 2007, Bayern Munich made Champions League history by scoring the fastest ever goal (10 seconds from the opening whistle) against Real Madrid. The goalscorer was Roy Makaay off a cross by Hasan Salihamidzic.
- On September 19, 1999, Bayern won one of the strangest games in Bundesliga history. They trailed Eintracht Frankfurt in Frankfurt 0-1, then lost both goalies Oliver Kahn (55th minute) and Bernd Dreher (62nd minute) to injury, so that midfielder Michael Tarnat was substituted in as a makeshift goalkeeper. Despite this huge disadvantage, Bayern pulled off a 2-1 win.[7]
Presidents
Era | President |
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07.10.1994 - * | Franz Beckenbauer |
09.10.1985 - 07.10.1994 | Prof. Dr. Fritz Scherer |
24.04.1979 - 09.10.1985 | Willi O. Hoffmann |
1962 - 19.03.1979 | Wilhelm Neudecker |
1958 - 1962 | Roland Endler |
1955 - 1958 | Alfred Reitlinger |
1953 - 1955 | Adolf Fischer Karli Wild Hugo Theisinger |
1951 - 1953 | Julius Scheuring |
1947 - 1951 | Kurt Landauer |
1945 - 1947 | Siegfried Hermann |
1945 | Josef Bayer |
1945 | Franz Xaver Heilmansseder |
1943 - 1945 | Sauter |
1938 - 1943 | Kellner |
1937 - 1938 | Franz Nußhardt |
1935 - 1937 | Dr. Richard Amesmeier |
1934 - 1935 | Dr. Karl-Heinz Oettinger |
1933 - 1934 | Siegfried Hermann |
1922 - 1933 | Kurt Landauer |
1921 - 1922 | Fred Dunn |
1919 - 1921 | Kurt Landauer |
1916 - 1919 | Fritz Meier |
1916 | Hans Bermühler |
1915 | Fritz Meier |
1915 | Hans Tusch |
1914 - 1915 | Fred Dunn |
1913 - 1914 | Kurt Landauer |
1907 - 1913 | Dr. Angelo Knorr |
1906 - 1907 | Kurt Müller |
1903 - 1906 | Dr. Willem Hesselink |
1900 - 1903 | Franz John |
Captains
Bayern's captains since the Bundesliga era
Era | Captain |
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2002 - 2008 | Oliver Kahn |
1999 - 2002 | Stefan Effenberg |
1997 - 1999 | Thomas Helmer |
1994 - 1996 | Lothar Matthäus |
1991 - 1994 | Raimond Aumann |
1984 - 1991 | Klaus Augenthaler |
1983 - 1984 | Karl-Heinz Rummenigge |
1980 - 1983 | Paul Breitner |
1979 - 1980 | Georg Schwarzenbeck |
1979 - 1979 | Gerd Müller |
1977 - 1979 | Sepp Maier |
1970 - 1977 | Franz Beckenbauer |
1965 - 1970 | Werner Olk |
References
- ^ "Unprecedented boom sweeps Bayern". FC Bayern Munich Official Website. 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
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(help) - ^ "Bayern unveil record balance sheet". fcbayern.de. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
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(help) - ^ Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich (2003). Die Bayern. Die Geschichte des deutschen Rekordmeisters (in German). Die Werkstatt. p. 637. ISBN 389533426X.
- ^ "Jürgen Klinsmann to succeed Hitzfeld at Bayern". 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Säbener Strasse 51 - Bayern's training facility and head offices". FC Bayern Munich Official Website. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
- ^ "Fans name greatest Reds of all time". fcbayern.de. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
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(help) - ^ Template:De icon "Eintracht Frankfurt - FC Bayern München 1:2 (1:0)". fussballdaten. 1999-09-18. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
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External links
- Official site in English (German, Japanese, Spanish, and Chinese versions also available)
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