List of tropical cyclones
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This is a list of notable tropical cyclones, subdivided by basin and reason for notability.
North Atlantic basin
These records are held by Atlantic hurricanes.
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Damage |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 Katrina | 2005 | $125 billion |
4 Harvey | 2017 | ||
3 | 4 Ian | 2022 | $113 billion |
4 | 4 Maria | 2017 | $90 billion |
5 | 4 Ida | 2021 | $75 billion |
6 | ET Sandy | 2012 | $65 billion |
7 | 4 Irma | 2017 | $52.1 billion |
8 | 2 Ike | 2008 | $30 billion |
9 | 5 Andrew | 1992 | $27 billion |
10 | 5 Michael | 2018 | $25 billion |
Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Fatalities |
1 | ? "Great Hurricane" | 1780 | 22,000–27,501 |
2 | 5 Mitch | 1998 | 11,374+ |
3 | 2 Fifi | 1974 | 8,210–10,000 |
4 | 4 "Galveston" | 1900 | 8,000–12,000 |
5 | 4 Flora | 1963 | 7,193 |
6 | ? "Pointe-à-Pitre" | 1776 | 6,000+ |
7 | 5 "Okeechobee" | 1928 | 4,112+ |
8 | ? "Newfoundland" | 1775 | 4,000–4,163 |
9 | 3 "Monterrey" | 1909 | 4,000 |
10 | 4 "San Ciriaco" | 1899 | 3,855 |
Largest Atlantic hurricanes By diameter of gale-force winds | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | System | Season | Diameter | |
mi | km | |||
1 | Sandy | 2012 | 1,150 | 1,850 |
2 | Martin | 2022 | 1,040 | 1,670 |
3 | Igor | 2010 | 920 | 1,480 |
4 | Olga | 2001 | 865 | 1,390 |
5 | Teddy | 2020 | 850 | 1,370 |
Sources: [2][3][4][5] [6] |
Most severe landfalling Atlantic hurricanes in the United States Based on size and intensity for total points on the Hurricane Severity Index[3] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Hurricane | Year | Intensity | Size | Total |
1 | 4 Carla | 1961 | 17 | 25 | 42 |
2 | 4 Betsy | 1965 | 15 | 25 | 40 |
3 | 5 Camille | 1969 | 22 | 14 | 36 |
4 Opal | 1995 | 11 | 25 | 36 | |
5 Katrina | 2005 | 13 | 23 | 36 | |
6 | 3 Audrey | 1957 | 17 | 16 | 33 |
5 Wilma | 2005 | 12 | 21 | 33 | |
8 | 5 Ivan | 2004 | 12 | 20 | 32 |
9 | 4 Ike | 2008 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
10 | 5 Andrew | 1992 | 16 | 11 | 27 |
Most intense Atlantic hurricanes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Pressure | ||
hPa | inHg | ||||
1 | Wilma | 2005 | 882 | 26.05 | |
2 | Gilbert | 1988 | 888 | 26.23 | |
3 | "Labor Day" | 1935 | 892 | 26.34 | |
4 | Rita | 2005 | 895 | 26.43 | |
5 | Allen | 1980 | 899 | 26.55 | |
6 | Camille | 1969 | 900 | 26.58 | |
7 | Katrina | 2005 | 902 | 26.64 | |
8 | Mitch | 1998 | 905 | 26.73 | |
Dean | 2007 | ||||
10 | Maria | 2017 | 908 | 26.81 | |
Source: HURDAT[4] |
Most intense landfalling tropical cyclones in the United States Intensity is measured solely by central pressure | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | System | Season | Landfall pressure |
1 | "Labor Day" | 1935 | 892 mbar (hPa) |
2 | Camille | 1969 | 900 mbar (hPa) |
Yutu | 2018 | ||
4 | Michael | 2018 | 919 mbar (hPa) |
5 | Katrina | 2005 | 920 mbar (hPa) |
Maria | 2017 | ||
7 | Andrew | 1992 | 922 mbar (hPa) |
8 | "Indianola" | 1886 | 925 mbar (hPa) |
9 | "Guam" | 1900 | 926 mbar (hPa) |
10 | "Florida Keys" | 1919 | 927 mbar (hPa) |
Source: HURDAT,[4] Hurricane Research Division[5] |
Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanes Intensity is measured solely by central pressure | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Landfall pressure |
1 | "Labor Day"[nb 2] | 1935 | 892 mbar (hPa) |
2 | Camille | 1969 | 900 mbar (hPa) |
Gilbert | 1988 | ||
4 | Dean | 2007 | 905 mbar (hPa) |
5 | "Cuba" | 1924 | 910 mbar (hPa) |
Dorian | 2019 | ||
7 | Janet | 1955 | 914 mbar (hPa) |
Irma | 2017 | ||
9 | "Cuba" | 1932 | 918 mbar (hPa) |
10 | Michael | 2018 | 919 mbar (hPa) |
Sources: HURDAT,[4] AOML/HRD,[7] NHC[8] |
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Damage | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Irma | 2017 | $13.2 billion | [9] |
2 | Ike | 2008 | $7.3 billion | [10] |
3 | Matthew | 2016 | $2.58 billion | [11] |
4 | Gustav | 2008 | $2.1 billion | [10] |
5 | Michelle | 2001 | $2 billion | [12] |
Sandy | 2012 | [13] | ||
7 | Dennis | 2005 | $1.5 billion | [14] |
8 | Ivan | 2004 | $1.2 billion | [15] |
9 | Charley | 2004 | $923 million | [15] |
10 | Wilma | 2005 | $700 million | [16] |
South Atlantic basin
Tropical cyclones rarely form in the South Atlantic Basin. Only three South Atlantic tropical cyclones in the area have been confirmed.
- The Angola Cyclone, 1991 - a tropical storm formed off Angola in April.
- The January Storm, 2004 - a cyclone of depression and possibly storm strength formed in January.
- Cyclone Catarina, 2004 - first positively observed cyclone in the South Atlantic Ocean, and the first one to make landfall as a cyclone.
Eastern Pacific basin
These records are held by Pacific hurricanes.
Storm | Season | Damage (USD) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Otis | 2023 | $12–16 billion | [17] |
Manuel | 2013 | $4.2 billion | [18] |
Iniki | 1992 | $3.1 billion | [1] |
Odile | 2014 | $1.25 billion | [19] |
Agatha | 2010 | $1.1 billion | [20] |
Hilary | 2023 | $915 million | [21] |
Willa | 2018 | $825 million | [22] |
Madeline | 1998 | $750 million | [23] |
Rosa | 1994 | $700 million | [24] |
Paul | 1982 | $520 million | [25][26][27] |
Octave | 1983 | $512.5 million | [28][29] |
Hurricane | Season | Fatalities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
"Mexico" | 1959 | 1,800 | [30] |
Paul | 1982 | 1,625 | [31][32][33][34] |
Liza | 1976 | 1,263 | [35][36][37] |
Tara | 1961 | 436 | [38] |
Pauline | 1997 | 230–400 | [39] |
Agatha | 2010 | 204 | [40][41] |
Manuel | 2013 | 169 | [42] |
Tico | 1983 | 141 | [43][44] |
Ismael | 1995 | 116 | [45] |
"Lower California" | 1931 | 110 | [46][47] |
"Mazatlán" | 1943 | 100 | [48] |
Lidia | 1981 | 100 | [41] |
Most intense Pacific hurricanes[49] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Hurricane | Season | Pressure | ||
hPa | inHg | ||||
1 | Patricia | 2015 | 872 | 25.75 | |
2 | Linda | 1997 | 902 | 26.64 | |
3 | Rick | 2009 | 906 | 26.76 | |
4 | Kenna | 2002 | 913 | 26.96 | |
5 | Ava | 1973 | 915 | 27.02 | |
Ioke | 2006 | ||||
7 | Marie | 2014 | 918 | 27.11 | |
Odile | |||||
9 | Guillermo | 1997 | 919 | 27.14 | |
10 | Gilma | 1994 | 920 | 27.17 | |
Listing is only for tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and east of the International Dateline |
Hurricane | Season | Wind speed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Otis | 2023 | 160 mph (260 km/h) | [50] |
Patricia | 2015 | 150 mph (240 km/h) | [51] |
Madeline | 1976 | 145 mph (230 km/h) | [52] |
Iniki | 1992 | [53] | |
Twelve | 1957 | 140 mph (220 km/h) | [54] |
"Mexico" | 1959 | [54] | |
Kenna | 2002 | [55] | |
Lidia | 2023 | [56] |
Western Pacific basin
These records are held by: Pacific typhoon
Retired names
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Names retired before 2000 were done so by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Names during and after that year were retired by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Two names, Yanyan and Tingting, were replaced as requested by Hong Kong. Another two names, Kodo and Hanuman, were replaced before using.
PAGASA also retires names for typhoons and tropical storms that affect the Philippines.
Significant typhoons with special names
Eight especially significant typhoons were named by Japan Meteorological Agency according to the area where they caused most damage.
Name | Number | Japanese name |
---|---|---|
Ida | T4518 | Makurazaki Typhoon (枕崎台風)[58][59] |
Louise | T4523 | Akune Typhoon (阿久根台風) |
Marie | T5415 | Tōya Maru Typhoon (洞爺丸台風) |
Ida | T5822 | Kanogawa Typhoon (狩野川台風) |
Sarah | T5914 | Miyakojima Typhoon (宮古島台風) |
Vera | T5915 | Isewan Typhoon (伊勢湾台風) |
Nancy | T6118 | 2nd Muroto Typhoon (第2室戸台風) |
Cora | T6618 | 2nd Miyakojima Typhoon (第2宮古島台風) |
Della | T6816 | 3rd Miyakojima Typhoon (第3宮古島台風) |
Babe | T7709 | Okinoerabu Typhoon (沖永良部台風) |
Faxai | T1915 | Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風) |
Hagibis | T1919 | Reiwa 1 East Japan Typhoon (令和元年東日本台風) |
Other notable named storms
- Wanda, 1962, Hong Kong - Often cited by Hong Kong residents as an example of a deadly storm. Although it ranked only as Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, the deficient warning system at the time led to many deaths in the villages of the New Territories unaware of the storm surge.
- Typhoon Ruby, 1964 - the strongest and worst named typhoon to hit Hong Kong in recorded history. killed over 700 and caused widespread damage.
- Nina, 1975 - Dropped rain over eastern China, contributing to the collapse of the Banqiao Dam which killed at least 170,000
- Tip, 1979, Japan - Most intense and largest tropical cyclone on record
- Typhoon Wayne (1986) - The longest-lived Northwest Pacific tropical system ever observed in recorded history.
- Typhoon Gay, 1989 - Rare typhoon that crossed Thailand as a 120 mph (190 km/h) cat 3 typhoon; crossed into North Indian Ocean Basin and hit India as a cat. 5, killing 39.
- Herb, 1996, Taiwan and China - The strongest and the largest storm of this year, dropped heavy rain over Taiwan and China, killing hundreds.
- Ivan and Joan, 1997 - two of the most intense cyclones ever recorded at 872 mb; reached extreme intensities at close distance to each other.
- Typhoon Zeb, 1998 cat. 5 with 872 milibars of pressure; caused severe damage in the Philippines, killing nearly 100.
- Maggie, Sam, York and Cam 1999, Hong Kong - Four storms to directly strike the vicinity of Hong Kong within one typhoon season
- Man-yi, 2007, the strongest typhoon to affect Japan in the month of July in recorded history.[60]
- Typhoon Fengshen (2008) - is a typhoon that struck the Philippines with an unusual path hence was poorly forecasted throughout its lifetime. 800 of the 856 people on board the MV Princess of the Stars were killed when the ship capsized at the height of the typhoon. Testimonies from survivors of the maritime tragedy suggest that the ferry have actually passed the typhoon's eye directly. [61] There is a total of 1371 direct fatalities and 87 people missing during the storm's lifetime.
- Tropical Storm Nangka (2009) - while not a strong storm, it managed to spawn a tornado and a hail with the latter being extremely rare in the Philippines. [62]
- Typhoon Parma (2009) - is another unusual typhoon to strike Philippines. It made an unprecedented three consecutive landfalls in the same area in Northern Luzon, Philippines alone and had moved very slowly and at times, almost stationary in its second and third landfalls which resulted in heavy flooding and constant wind damage[63][64]. Ilocos provinces and Abra (province) reportedly experienced typhoon-force winds and heavy rains for 15 hours straight.[65]
Notable unnamed storms
- The Kamikaze, 1281, destroyed a Mongol invasion fleet attacking Japan.
- A system of unknown intensity that hit Haiphong in 1881, killing 300,000 people.
- The 1922 Swatow Typhoon, a system of unknown intensity that struck Swatow, China late on August 2, 1922, killing more than 50,000 people.[66]
- 1934 Muroto Typhoon - killing at least 3,036, another 15,361 are injured, with 92,323 houses are lost.
- The Great Hong Kong Typhoon of 1937 - killed 11,000
- Typhoon Cobra (Typhoon of 1944), 17-18 December, three US destroyers lost
- 1945 Makurazaki Typhoon - killing at least 3,756, another 2,452 are injured, with 116,491 houses are lost.
- Typhoon of July 1949 - killed 1,600 in Shanghai, making it the deadliest typhoon in the city's history.
Most active West Pacific seasons
The following are the most active Western Pacific seasons, according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track. Only seasons with at least 30 storms are included.
Total Storms |
Year | Tropical Storms |
Typhoons | Super Typhoons |
---|---|---|---|---|
39 | 1964 | 13 | 19 | 7 |
35 | 1965 1967 1971 |
14 15 11 |
10 16 16 |
11 4 4 |
34 | 1994 | 14 | 14 | 6 |
33 | 1996 | 12 | 15 | 6 |
32 | 1974 | 16 | 16 | 0 |
31 | 1989 1992 |
10 9 |
15 17 |
6 5 |
30 | 1962 1966 1972 1990 2004 |
7 10 8 9 10 |
17 17 20 17 13 |
6 3 2 4 7 |
Northern Indian Ocean
This region has had some of the world's deadliest cyclones, but there is a shortage of organized information about them. Only cyclones which caused fatalities over 3000 people have been included.[67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
- 1584 Backerganj Cyclone killed around 200,000 people.
- 1737 Calcutta cyclone, caused death and destruction around Calcutta, India.
- 1789 Indian Cyclone, killed 20,000 in Coringa, India.
- 1839 Indian Cyclone - caused a massive storm surge hit Coringa, India on November 25 killed 300,000 people.
- 1864 Calcutta Cyclone, killed around 60,000 people in Calcutta, India.
- 1876 Great Backerganj Cyclone hit the Meghna River Delta area of India, the storm surge killed 100,000, and the disease after the storm killed another 100,000.
- 1882 Great Bombay Cyclone killed around 200,000 people in Bombay,India.
- 1897 Chittagong cyclone killed around 175,000 in Chittagong,Bangladesh.
- 1942 Bengal Cyclone hit near the India/Bangladesh border, resulting in around 40,000 fatalities.
- 1960 East Pakistan I Cyclone 6,000 deaths can be attributed to a cyclone that hit the eastern portion of Pakistan what was known then as East Bengal state on October 10
- 1963 East Pakistan II Cyclone on May 23, a cyclone hit present-day Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan province), causing 22,000 fatalities due to storm surge and flooding.
- 1965 Pakistani Bengali Cyclones Two cyclones that hit on May 11 and June 1 killed a total of 47,000 people.
- 1965 Pakistani Cyclone hit near Karachi, Pakistan on December 15, causing about 10,000 casualties.
- 1970 Bhola cyclone, killed between 300,000 to 500,000 people in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
- 1971 Orissa Cyclone killed around 10,000 people in Cuttack, India.
- 1977 Andhra Pradesh Cyclone, killed 10,000 people in Andhra Pradesh, India.
- 1985 Cyclone 01B on May 25. Bangladesh, Meghna River Delta a cyclone created a surge 15-to 20-foot high killing around 6,000 - 10,000 people.
- 1988 Cyclone 04B on November 26 the cyclone hit the Sundarbans part of Bangladesh. Heavy storm surge killed 2000 people (with 6000 missing). In addition, the storm caused 1000 fatalities in Malaysia, Thailand, and western Indonesia.
- 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, killed 138,000 people in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh.
- 1999 Orissa cyclone, killed around 10,000 people in the Orissa state of India.
- 2007: Cyclone Sidr, struck Bangladesh on 15 November, has killed at least 3,500 people.
- 2008: Cyclone Nargis, struck the Irrawaddy Delta in Burma killing over 145,000 people and devastating the country's former capital and largest city, Rangoon, making it Burma's deadliest natural disaster in history, the costliest North Indian cyclone on record, and the second deadliest North Indian cyclone in recorded history.
Most active seasons
Total Storms | Year | Tropical Depressions | Tropical Storms | Tropical Cyclones (>64kt) |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 | 1992 | 2 | 8 | 3 |
8 | 1987 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
8 | 1996 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
8 | 1998 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
8 | 2005 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Australian tropical cyclones
See[72] See also Australian Bureau of Meteorology - Severe Weather Events
- Cyclone Mahina, March 4, 1899 - 410 people died.
- 1918 Mackay cyclone, 1918 - 30 dead, extensive damage.
- 1949 Rockhampton cyclone, 1949 - 6 dead, 1,000 houses damaged and 500 totally wrecked.
- Cyclone Ada, 1970 - struck Whitsunday Island resorts and Whitsunday coast mainland. 14 people died and cost approximately AU$390 million.
- Cyclone Althea, 1971 - struck Magnetic Island and Townsville, Queensland on Christmas Day
- Cyclone Wanda, 1974 - caused extensive flooding in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales
- Cyclone Tracy, 1974 - 71 people died when the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, was devastated on Christmas Day. It was the costliest Australian cyclone on record; the smallest cyclone on record in terms of size & wind field.
- Cyclone Alby, 1978 - 5 people died in south-western parts of Western Australia. Albany recorded one of the strongest wind gusts on record.
- Cyclone Bobby, 1995 - 7 people died on two fishing trawlers sunk off the coast of Onslow; the cyclone then became a depression which caused heavy rain and flooding in inland WA, washing out the Eyre Highway and the Trans-Australian Railway for several days.
- Cyclone Justin, 1997 - 7 people died and damage came to approximately 190 million AUD.
- Cyclone Thelma, 1998 - intense Category 5 system that hit the Kimberley region of Western Australia causing extensive damage and flooding near Darwin.
- Cyclone Vance, 1999 - Category 5 system that caused extensive damage to the Western Australian towns of Exmouth and Onslow.
- Cyclone Steve, 2000 - A long-lived Category 2 storm, causing flooding in Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia.
- Cyclone Rosita, 2000 - Category 5, made a destructive landfall near Broome, Western Australia.
- Cyclone Ingrid, 2005 - Category 5 cyclone which took a long track over Northern Australia.
- Cyclone Larry, 2006 - Category 4 which crossed the Queensland coast at Innisfail, causing $1 billion in damage.
- Cyclone Glenda, 2006 - Category 5 which crossed the West Australian coast as Category 3 near Onslow
- Cyclone Monica, 2006 - Category 5; strongest cyclone ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere (in terms of wind speed). Arguably the world's strongest cyclone, based on a Dvorak estimation, which suggested central pressure reached a low of 869 hPa. The official JTWC pressure was 879hPa.
- Cyclone George, 2007 - Category 5 which struck east of Port Hedland causing 3 fatalities.
- Cyclone Guba, 2007 - Category 1 cyclone (SSHS) which struck Papua New Guinea causing over 170 fatalities.
Most intense storms on record
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2007) |
This list includes Western Pacific storms with pressures of less than 885 mb and Atlantic, Eastern Pacific and South Pacific storms with pressure of less than 915 mb. Additional Western Pacific storms with pressures between 885 and 915 mb have been recorded, but these storms are neither exceptional for that basin nor all reliably measured. As for Indian Ocean storms, pressure readings are too scarce or too inaccurate to make a list reliable.[73] [74]
As a result of the omissions of many Western Pacific storms, many storms near the bottom of the list are not numerically ranked.
Rank | Name | Pressure | Location | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Typhoon Tip | 870 mbar | Western Pacific | 1979 |
2 | Typhoon Gay | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1992* |
2 | Typhoon Ivan | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997* |
2 | Typhoon Joan | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997* |
2 | Typhoon Keith | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1997* |
2 | Typhoon Zeb | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1998* |
2 | Typhoon Angela | 872 mbar | Western Pacific | 1995* |
8 | Typhoon Mike | 875 mbar | Western Pacific | 1990 |
9 | Typhoon June | 876 mbar | Western Pacific | 1975 |
10 | Typhoon Ida | 877 mbar | Western Pacific | 1958 |
10 | Typhoon Nora | 877 mbar | Western Pacific | 1973 |
12 | Typhoon Rita | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 1978 |
12 | Typhoon Yvette | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 1992* |
12 | Typhoon Damrey | 878 mbar | Western Pacific | 2000* |
15 | Typhoon Vanessa | 879 mbar | Western Pacific | 1984 |
15 | Typhoon Faxai | 879 mbar | Western Pacific | 2001* |
15 | Typhoon Dianmu | 879 mbar | Western Pacific | 2004* |
15 | Typhoon Chaba | 879 mbar | Western Pacific | 2004* |
19 | Typhoon Violet | 882 mbar | Western Pacific | 1961 |
19 | Hurricane Wilma | 882 mbar | Atlantic | 2005 |
21 | Typhoon Forrest | 883 mbar | Western Pacific | 1983 |
22 | Typhoon Irma | 884 mbar | Western Pacific | 1971 |
23 | Super Typhoon Nina | 885 mbar | Western Pacific | 1953 |
23 | Cyclone Daryl-Agnielle | 885 mbar | South Indian | 1995* |
25 | Typhoon Nancy | 888 mbar | West Pacific | 1961 |
25 | Hurricane Gilbert | 888 mbar | Atlantic | 1988 |
27 | Super Typhoon Ida | 890 mbar | Western Pacific | 1954 |
27 | Super Typhoon Elsie | 890 mbar | Western Pacific | 1969 |
27 | Cyclone Zoe | 890 mbar | South Pacific | 2002** |
30 | Typhoon Joan | 891 mbar | Western Pacific | 1959 |
31 | Labor Day Hurricane | 892 mbar | Atlantic | 1935 |
32 | Super Typhoon Patsy | 893 mbar | Western Pacific | 1973 |
33 | Super Typhoon Sally | 894 mbar | Western Pacific | 1964 |
34 | Super Typhoon Hope | 895 mbar | Western Pacific | 1970 |
34 | Super Typhoon Amy | 895 mbar | Western Pacific | 1971 |
34 | Super Typhoon Louise | 895 mbar | Western Pacific | 1976 |
34 | Cyclone Gafilo | 895 mbar | South Indian | 2004* |
34 | Hurricane Rita | 895 mbar | Atlantic | 2005 |
39 | Typhoon Vera | 896 mbar | West Pacific | 1959 |
40 | Typhoon Karen | 897 mbar | West Pacific | 1962 |
41 | Super Typhoon Nadine | 898 mbar | Western Pacific | 1971 |
41 | Cyclone Hary | 898 mbar | South Indian | 2003 |
42 | Hurricane Allen | 899 mbar | Atlantic | 1980 |
43 | Super Typhoon Tess | 900 mbar | Western Pacific | 1953 |
43 | Super Typhoon Pamela | 900 mbar | Western Pacific | 1954 |
43 | Typhoon Virginia | 900 mbar | Western Pacific | 1957 |
43 | Typhoon Lola | 900 mbar | Western Pacific | 1957 |
43 | Typhoon Elsie | 900 mbar | West Pacific | 1975 |
43 | Cyclone Ron | 900 mbar | South Pacific | 1998* |
43 | Cyclone Gwenda | 900 mbar | South Indian | 1999* |
43 | Cyclone Susan | 900 mbar | South Pacific | 1998* |
43 | Cyclone Inigo | 900 mbar | South Indian | 2003* |
43 | Cyclone Percy | 900 mbar | South Pacific | 2005* |
52 | Super Typhoon Carla | 901 mbar | Western Pacific | 1967 |
52 | Typhoon Joan | 901 mbar | Western Pacific | 1970 |
54 | Super Typhoon Bess | 902 mbar | Western Pacific | 1965 |
54 | Hurricane Linda | 902 mbar | Eastern Pacific | 1997* |
54 | Hurricane Katrina | 902 mbar | Atlantic | 2005 |
54 | Cyclone George | 902 mbar | South Indian | 2007 |
57 | Super Typhoon Opal | 903 mbar | Western Pacific | 1964 |
57 | Super Typhoon Emma | 903 mbar | Western Pacific | 1962 |
59 | Super Typhoon Agnes | 904 mbar | Western Pacific | 1968 |
59 | Super Typhoon Olga | 904 mbar | Western Pacific | 1970 |
59 | Super Typhoon Georgia | 904 mbar | Western Pacific | 1970 |
62 | Super Typhoon Grace | 905 mbar | Western Pacific | 1958 |
62 | Typhoon Sarah | 905 mbar | Western Pacific | 1959 |
62 | Typhoon Charlotte | 905 mbar | Western Pacific | 1959 |
62 | Hurricane Camille | 905 mbar | Atlantic | 1969 |
62 | Cyclone Orson | 905 mbar | South Indian | 1989 |
62 | Cyclone Geralda | 905 mbar | South Indian | 1994 |
62 | Hurricane Mitch | 905 mbar | Atlantic | 1998 |
62 | Cyclone Hudah | 905 mbar | South Indian | 2000* |
62 | Cyclone Kalunde | 905 mbar | South Indian | 2003* |
62 | Cyclone Bento | 905 mbar | South Indian | 2004* |
62 | Cyclone Adeline-Juliet | 905 mbar | South Indian | 2005* |
62 | Cyclone Monica | 905 mbar | South Pacific | 2006*** |
62 | Hurricane Dean | 905 mbar | Atlantic | 2007 |
62 | Typhoon Jangmi | 905 mbar | West Pacific | 2008 |
75 | Cyclone Hondo | 906 mbar | South Indian | 2008 |
76 | Super Typhoon Agnes | 908 mbar | Western Pacific | 1968 |
76 | Super Typhoon Elaine | 908 mbar | Western Pacific | 1968 |
78 | Super Typhoon Iris | 909 mbar | Western Pacific | 1951 |
79 | Super Typhoon Hester | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 1952 |
79 | Super Typhoon Kit | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 1953 |
79 | Super Typhoon Ruby | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 1954 |
79 | Super Typhoon Kit | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 1957 |
79 | Super Typhoon Opal | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 1962 |
79 | Cyclone Dina | 910 mbar | South Indian | 2002* |
79 | Cyclone Fay | 910 mbar | South Indian | 2004* |
79 | Hurricane Ivan | 910 mbar | Atlantic | 2004 |
79 | Cyclone Carina | 910 mbar | South Indian | 2006* |
79 | Cyclone Glenda | 910 mbar | South Indian | 2006**** |
79 | Typhoon Melor | 910 mbar | Western Pacific | 2009 |
90 | Super Typhoon Faye | 911 mbar | Western Pacific | 1968 |
90 | Super Typhoon Bess | 911 mbar | Western Pacific | 1971 |
90 | Super Typhoon Rita | 911 mbar | Western Pacific | 1972 |
93 | Super Typhoon Anita | 912 mbar | Western Pacific | 1970 |
94 | Typhoon Dinah | 913 mbar | Western Pacific | 1959 |
94 | Hurricane Kenna | 913 mbar | Eastern Pacific | 2002 |
96 | Hurricane Janet | 914 mbar | Atlantic | 1955 |
96 | Typhoon Gilda | 914 mbar | Western Pacific | 1959 |
96 | Super Typhoon Pamela | 914 mbar | Western Pacific | 1961 |
99 | Super Typhoon Wanda | 915 mbar | Western Pacific | 1956 |
99 | Super Typhoon Wendy | 915 mbar | Western Pacific | 1971 |
99 | Super Typhoon Vera | 915 mbar | Western Pacific | 1979 |
99 | Cyclone Graham | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1991* |
99 | Cyclone Jane-Irna | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1992* |
99 | Cyclone Pancho-Helinda | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1997* |
99 | Cyclone Vance | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1999* |
99 | Cyclone Frederic-Evrina | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1999* |
99 | Cyclone John | 915 mbar | South Indian | 1999* |
99 | Cyclone Chris | 915 mbar | South Indian | 2002* |
99 | Cyclone Erica | 915 mbar | South Pacific | 2003* |
99 | Hurricane Isabel | 915 mbar | Atlantic | 2003 |
99 | Cyclone Heta | 915 mbar | South Pacific | 2004* |
99 | Cyclone Meena | 915 mbar | South Pacific | 2005* |
99 | Cyclone Olaf | 915 mbar | South Pacific | 2005* |
99 | Cyclone Larry | 915 mbar | South Pacific | 2006* |
99 | Cyclone Floyd | 915 mbar | South Indian | 2006* |
99 | Hurricane Ioke | 915 mbar | Central Pacific | 2006 |
99 | Hurricane Ava | 915 mbar | Eastern Pacific | 1973 |
99 | Typhoon Rammasun | 915 mbar | Western Pacific | 2008 |
Notes:
- *Minimum central pressure of these storms was estimated based on satellite data rather than directly measured.
- **Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar.
- ***Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar and unofficial estimates were 869 mbar (which would make it the most intense recorded tropical cyclone).
- ****Official estimate. JTWC estimated 898 mbar.
Size extremes
- Typhoon Tip is the largest tropical cyclone on record at 1350 miles (2170 km) wide, October (1979)
- Tropical Storm Marco is the smallest significant tropical cyclone on record at 10 miles (20 km) wide, October (2008)
These sizes indicate the distance from the center at which gale-force winds could be found.[75]
Highest storm surge
The three powerful hurricanes listed below caused very high storm surge. Hurricane Katrina had the highest recorded storm surge of any Atlantic hurricane and Hurricane Camille had the second-highest. Worldwide storm surge data is sparse. Cyclone Mahina is generally regarded as having had the highest storm surge ever recorded, although measurements from before modern times must be viewed with some skepticism.
Storm surge is enhanced by high winds and greater storm size. The shape of the coastline and the contour of the bottom near the coast are also significant factors. Hurricane Katrina was the largest Category 5 hurricane recorded in the Atlantic, and Hurricane Camille tied for the highest recorded windspeed; both struck an area vulnerable to high storm surge because of the shallow coastal waters.
- Cyclone Mahina: 48 feet (15 m), South Pacific, 1899
- Hurricane Katrina: 28 feet (8.5 m), Atlantic Ocean, 2005[76]
- Hurricane Camille: 24 feet (7.3 m), Atlantic Ocean, 1969
Unusual landfalls
For unusual landfalls in the Atlantic basin, see List of notable Atlantic hurricanes.
Morocco
- 2005 - The remants of Tropical Storm Delta hit the Canary Islands of Spain and then took a northeastern turn making landfall in Morocco.
Arabian Peninsula
- October, 1948 - Tropical Cyclone struck Salalah in Oman.
- May, 1959 - Tropical Cyclone struck Salalah in Oman
- June, 1977 - Tropical Storm struck Oman
- 1983 - Tropical Storm Aurora struck Oman.
- May, 1984 - Tropical Storm 01-A transited the Gulf of Aden and made landfall in northwest Somalia, the first tropical cyclone on record to do so.
- October, 1992 - Tropical Storm 06-A struck Oman.
- June, 1996 - Tropical Storm 02-A struck Oman.
- May, 2002 - Tropical Storm struck Salalah in Oman.
- June, 2007 - Cyclone Gonu struck parts of Oman, causing catastrophic damage.
October, 2008 - Cyclone 03B struck southeast of Yemen, killing 184 people.
Brazil
- 2004 - A tropical depression hit eastern Brazil in January 2004, causing torrential flooding.
- 2004 - The only hurricane-strength tropical system ever observed in the South Atlantic, Cyclone Catarina, made landfall in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
California
- 1858 - A hurricane just barely missed landfall in San Diego, causing considerable damage.
- 1939 - A tropical storm struck Long Beach killing 45 people.
- 1972 - Tropical Depression Hyacinth made landfall near Los Angeles and brought rain around the area.
Greenland
- 2007 - the remants of Hurricane Noel hit Greenland on November 2.
New Zealand
- April, 1968 - Cyclone Giselle struck New Zealand causing the Wahine disaster.
- 5-10 March, 1988 - Cyclone Bola killed 3 people in New Zealand receiving up to 1m of rain causing vast numbers of slips on the eastern side of the country.
Somalia
- 1984 - A tropical storm struck Somalia,
- 1984 - A late season cyclone slammed Somalia.
- 1994 - Somalia was hit by a tropical storm that brought 65 mph (105 km/h) winds and heavy rains.
- 1997 - A weak November storm made landfall in Eastern Somalia.
Spain
- 2005 - Hurricane Vince Made landfall in southwestern Spain as a tropical depression. Vince is the only recorded tropical system to make landfall on Spain.
Southern Western Australia
- 1956 - A cyclone made a close track along the whole Western Australian coast, and made a near landfall near Perth.
- 1978 - Cyclone Alby made a close encounter to the south-west of Western Australia as a strong extratropical system in the vicinity of Perth and Albany, causing extensive damage and five deaths. Albany recorded one of its highest wind gusts on record from Cyclone Alby.
- 1989 - Cyclone Ned passed almost directly over Perth.
Extreme latitudes
This list contains tropical cyclones that formed or moved to an extraordinary latitude. It can be extreme north (or south) latitude, or very equatorial cyclones.
- 1966 - Hurricane Faith reached an unprecedented northerly latitude of 62.5 degrees, just north of the Faroe Islands in the Norwegian Sea. Faith degenerated over Scandinavia, and the remnant low pressure area eventually reached Franz Josef Land, only 300 miles (480 km) from the North Pole.
- 1975 - A central Pacific unnamed hurricane formed at a record north latitude for the Central and East Pacific (tropical storm at 32N and hurricane at 40N)
- 2000 - Hurricane Alberto persisted north while tropical until a latitude of about 53°N.
- 2001 - Typhoon Vamei formed 85 miles (137 km) from the equator, the closest recorded formation location of a storm of hurricane strength.
- 2004 - Cyclone Agni reached a location of only 40 miles (64 km) from the equator, the closest to the equator any tropical cyclone has been recorded to have reached. However, Vamei retained the record for the most equatorial formation as Agni formed farther from the equator than Vamei and moved towards it.
Year-crossing Northern Hemisphere storms
This is a list of Northern Hemisphere storms that have crossed two calendar years. Because the Southern Hemisphere cyclone season runs across the New Year, Southern Hemisphere storms that cross calendar years are not unusual, so they are not included here.
Storm | Duration | Basin |
---|---|---|
Tropical Storm Zeta | December 30, 2005-January 6, 2006 | Atlantic |
Typhoon Vamei | December 26, 2001-January 1, 2002 | North Indian\West Pacific |
Typhoon Soulik | December 29, 2000-January 4, 2001 | West Pacific[77][78] |
Typhoon Mary | December 20, 1977-January 3, 1978 | West Pacific[79] |
Typhoon Harriet | December 24, 1959-January 2, 1960 | West Pacific[80] |
Hurricane Alice | December 30, 1954-January 6, 1955 | Atlantic |
Typhoon Hester | December 27, 1952-January 4, 1953 | West Pacific |
Different storms with same name in same year
- 1954 - There were two Hurricane Alices in 1954. One formed in June and struck Mexico. The other one formed on December 30 and lasted though January,1955. They were thought to have been in two separate years, but post-storm analysis showed the second was to have formed in December 1954, so they were both named Alice.
- 1970 - There were two tropical storms named Ione, one of which hit the Mexican coastline with 60 mph (97 km/h) winds.
- 1977 - Hurricane Babe in the Atlantic and Typhoon Babe in the Pacific existed at the same time.
- 1986 - There were two storms named Vera. One was a typhoon while another was a weak tropical storm. Operationally, Vera was treated as one storm until post storm analysis found that it was actually two separate storms.
- 1997 - In north Pacific, two storms were named Linda, one typhoon and one hurricane
- 2003 - In the Southern Hemisphere, two storms were named Beni, one in the South Pacific in February, one in the South Indian in November.
- 2005 - There were two storms named Harvey. One was an Australian cyclone and one was an Atlantic tropical storm.
See also
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
- List of Pacific hurricane seasons
- List of Pacific typhoon seasons
- List of North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
- List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
- Lists of tropical cyclone names
- List of most intense tropical cyclones
- List of wettest tropical cyclones by country
- History of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes
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