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Naro-1

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Naro-1
Real size replica of Naro (left)
Functionlaunch vehicle
ManufacturerKhrunichev (first stage)
KARI (second stage)
Country of origin Republic of Korea
Size
Height33 m (108 ft)
Diameter3 m (9.9 ft)
Mass140,000 kg (300,000 lb)
Stages2
Launch history
StatusOperational
Launch sitesNaro Space Center
Total launches2
Success(es)0
Failure(s)2[1][2]
First flight25 August 2009
First stage
Engines1 RD-151
Thrust1670 kN
Specific impulse338 sec
Burn time300 seconds
PropellantLOX/Kerosene
Second stage
Engines1 KSR-1
Thrust86.2 kN
Specific impulse250 sec
Burn time25 seconds
PropellantSolid
[edit on Wikidata]

The Naro-1,[3] previously designated Korea Space Launch Vehicle or KSLV, is South Korea's first carrier rocket, which made its maiden flight on 25 August 2009. It is built by KARI, the national space agency of South Korea, and Korean Air, with the first stage provided by Khrunichev (Russia). It was twice launched from the country's new spaceport, the Naro Space Center, but both launches ended in failure. The official name[4] of the first KSLV rocket, KSLV-I, is Naro, which is the name of the region in which Naro Space Center is located.[5]

The KSLV-I launch vehicle is based on the first stage of the Russian Angara rocket combined with a solid-fueled second stage built by South Korea.

History

In 1992, South Korea developed and launched several satellite systems and rockets overseas, such as the solid-fueled KSR-1 and KSR-2 sounding rockets. In 2000, South Korea began construction of the Naro Space Center, located on Naro Island in Goheung, 485 kilometres (301 mi) south of Seoul, with Russian assistance. The work was completed by the launch of the 6,000-kilogram (13,000 lb) KSR-3 liquid-propellant sounding rocket on 28 November 2002. South Korea announced in 2002 that it intended to develop a small satellite launch vehicle by 2005 that would be based on technology flown on the KSR-3 test vehicle. The launcher would be entirely indigenous, based on the 122,500-kilonewton (27,500,000 lbf) thrust LOX/kerosene motor used in the KSR-3.[6] In 2005 a change was announced, indicating that they would use the Russian RD-191 as the vehicle's first stage. The program, like that of the Angara, was subject to continuous funding shortages and schedule delays.[7]

On 26 October 2004, during the visit of a Khrunichev State Company delegation headed by A. A. Medvedev, Director General to South Korea, a contract was signed to design and build a Space Rocket Complex for the small-lift launch vehicle KSLV-1. The design represented a joint effort between Khrunichev State Enterprise, who would build the first stage of KSLV-1, and South Korea, who would design and produce the second stage. As the prerequisite to signing the contract South Korea joined the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). All documentation was reviewed by the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and the joint project to build the Korean rocket complex was approved.[8] The vehicle was unveiled at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla Province in October 2008. South Korea has spent some KR₩500 billion (US$490 million) since 2002 on the project.[9]

Vehicle description

The whole rocket was originally planned to be completely indigenous but, due to financial and technological constraints, KARI decided that the KSLV would be built on the basis of the universal rocket module (URM) designed for the Russian Angara family of rockets.[7] The first stage of the vehicle uses the Russian RD-151 engine, which is essentially the RD-191 de-powered to 170 tonnes-force (1.7 MN; 370,000 lbf)[10][11] from 190 tonnes. The second stage contains solid propellant and has been designed and built by KARI. With a thrust of 86.2 kN, this indigenous second-stage rocket has more than four times the thrust capability of the BRIZ-M second-stage rocket of Angara 1 (19.6 kN), to compensate for the less capable first stage. The launch vehicle weighs 140 tonnes (310,000 lb), stands 33 metres (108 ft) tall and has a diameter of almost 3 metres (9 ft 10 in).[12]

Mockery on the Internet

it was met with mockery such as "lol, korea ar3 totes noobs KOREA ROCKET FAIL FTW!!!" and other thing among that type of mockery

Launch history

Flight # Variant Date of Launch Launch Location Payload Outcome Remarks
1 Naro-1 2009-08-25 08:00 UTC (17:00 KST)[13] Naro Space Center South Korea STSAT-2A Failure[14] Fairing did not separate, failed to reach orbit[1]
2 Naro-1 2010-06-10, 08:01 UTC (17:01 KST)[15] Naro Space Center[16] South Korea STSAT-2B Failure Loss of signal 137 seconds after launch,[2] may have exploded.[17]

First flight

The South Korean government officially approved the launch of the KSLV in June 2009, which was expected to send the STSAT-2A satellite into orbit. The launch, tentatively scheduled for 11 August, received approval from the National Space Committee after experts reviewed all aspects of the flight plan established by the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute.[citation needed] South Korea notified the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization of the launch in order to give notice to ships and planes operating in the region on the launch date of the potential hazard.[18][failed verification]

The first attempt to launch Naro-1 was conducted on 19 August 2009, but the launch was canceled seven minutes 56 seconds before launch. The second attempt on 25 August 2009 succeeded in taking off from the Naro Space Center. The Khrunichev-built first stage reportedly performed nominally,[14] and the second stage separation took place as expected,[19] but the payload fairing separation system malfunctioned and half of the satellite protective cover stayed bolted to the second stage. The added weight of the remaining fairing caused the rocket to tumble upwards[clarification needed] and to be thrown off its nominal course, soaring 20 kilometres (12 mi) above the planned altitude before falling down.[1] Currently, it is presumed that the payload (STSAT-2) has reentered the atmosphere and disintegrated. Further investigation is proceeding.[when?]

Second flight

A second launch was scheduled for 9 June 2010,[20] but the launch was scrubbed due to a malfunction of a fire protection system.[21] After the problem was resolved, the launch was rescheduled for 10 June, and the rocket launched at 08:01 UTC. The launch ended in failure 137 seconds later, when contact with the rocket was lost.[2] Ahn Byung-man, Minister of Science and Technology, told reporters that the second rocket was believed to have exploded in midair.[17]

Wikinews has related news:

Comparable rockets

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Lee, Joon-seung (26 August 2009). "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch: gov't". Yonhap. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "(LEAD) (rocket launch) Ground controllers lose contact with space rocket after takeoff". Yonhap News. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  3. ^ "S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center". The Korea Times. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  4. ^ "Korea's 1st Space Rocket Named 'Naro'". The Chosun Ilbo. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
  5. ^ "한국 첫 우주발사체 이름 '나로' 선정" (in Korean). inews24.com. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "KSLV (Korean Space Launch Vehicle)". Jane's Information Group. 24 January 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  7. ^ a b Wade, Mark. "KSLV". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  8. ^ "Космический ракетный комплекс KSLV (Южная Корея)" (in Russian). Khrunichev. 26 October 2004. Retrieved 9 June 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Kim, Tong-hyung (19 October 2008). "Home-Made Satellite to Be Put Into Orbit Next Year". The Korea Times. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  10. ^ Lee, Joon-seung (25 August 2009). "S. Korea to launch first space rocket on Aug. 19". Yonhap. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  11. ^ "KSLV - Korean Space Launch Vehicle". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  12. ^ "South Korea's first space launch to take place 30 July". The Information Company. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  13. ^ "S. Korea to launch the nation's first rocket on Aug. 11". Yonhap. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  14. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (25 August 2009). "Historic South Korean satellite launch fails". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  15. ^ "(rocket launch) S. Korea's Naro-1 rocket lifts off from space center". Yonhap News. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  16. ^ "나로호 6월 9일에 두번째 도전" (in Korean). Yonhap. 19 April 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b "S Korean space rocket might have exploded: science minister". Xinhua. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  18. ^ http://www.telecomskorea.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7382&Itemid=2
  19. ^ "South Korea plans to allocate $1.3 bln on new carrier rocket". RIA Novosti. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
  20. ^ "South Korean rocket ready for launch". BBC News. 9 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  21. ^ Moon, Gwang-lip (10 June 2010). "Technical glitch grounds Naro-1 rocket". JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 10 June 2010.

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