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Born This Way (album)

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This article is about the Lady Gaga album. For other uses, see Born This Way (disambiguation).

Untitled

Born This Way is the second studio album by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released on May 23, 2011 by Interscope Records as a follow up to her internationally successful debut, The Fame (2008) and the extended play The Fame Monster (2009). Gaga wrote or co-wrote all the songs, as well as being the co-producer of every track in the album. In Born This Way, Gaga collaborated with numerous producers, such as DJ Snake, DJ White Shadow, Jeppe Laursen, RedOne, Fernando Garibay, Robert John "Mutt" Lange and Clinton Sparks; RedOne and Ferdinando Garibay were the only producers with whom Gaga had previously collaborated. Furthermore, Gaga collaborated with artists such as The E Street Band saxophonist Clarence Clemons and Queen guitarist Brian May on tracks from the album.

The music of Born This Way is rooted in the synthpop, electropop and dance-pop-oriented styles of her previous albums, yet also incorporates a broader range of elements of several musical genres such as opera, heavy metal, disco, and rock and roll: the record also saw the usage of different forms of instrumentation which had not been used on her previous releases. The topics for the songs range from sexuality, religion, freedom, feminism, and individualism. Despite being scrutinized by some religious and conservative commentators, the album was well-received by music critics; points of acclaim went to the varying musical styles in the album and Gaga's vocals.

The album was an international success, debuting on the top five spots in every major market, including the Billboard 200. In the United States, Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week, the largest first week album sales in five years. An estimated 440,000 of these sales were at a special price of 99 cents, which Amazon.com offered for two days during the album's first week of release. As of September 2011, worldwide sales of Born This Way exceed 7,200,000 copies.[3]

Thus far, four singles and one promotional single have been released for the album: "Born This Way", "Judas", "The Edge of Glory", and "You and I" went on to chart on the top ten spots of the Billboard Hot 100, with the first mentioned becoming the fastest selling singles in iTunes history. "Hair" went on to chart in sixteen countries. Gaga has performed songs on the album on different occasions, including at prominent award ceremonies including the 53rd Grammy Awards and the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, as well as in other events and television appearances.

Background and recording

A two storey white building with grey window frames, several cars are parked in the foreground.
Recording sessions for the album took place in various recording studios, including Abbey Road Studios in London.

In March 2010, Lady Gaga stated that material for a new album was in the works, adding that she had written most of the songs for the proposed album.[4] Around the same time her manager, Troy Carter, and RedOne added personal opinions on the album's music, with the latter describing it as Gaga's "freedom album" during an interview with MTV.[5] In an interview with Billboard, Carter felt that her public image would begin to change after the release of Born This Way.[5] A few months succeeding the announcement, Gaga exclaimed that she was nearly finished with writing songs for the album. Upon being interviewed by Rolling Stone, she expressed that "it came so quickly." She resumed: "I've been working on it for months, and I feel very strongly that it's finished right now. Some artists take years. I don't. I write music every day."[6] In another interview with the magazine, Gaga exclaimed that the album will be "the anthem of [this] generation". She continued: "It includes the greatest music I've ever written. I've already written the first single for the new album and I promise you, that this album is the greatest of my career.[6][7]

Alongside with sessions on tour buses, recording sessions and mixing for the album took place at various recording around the world; Abbey Road Studios in London, England, Studios 301 in Sydney, Australia, Sing Sing Studios in Melbourne, Australia, Gang Studios in Paris, France, Livingroom Studios in Oslo, Norway, Allerton Hill in the United Kingdom, Warehouse Productions Studio in Omaha, Nebraska, Studio at the Palms in Las Vegas, Nevada, Mechaniche Studio in Italy, Miami Beach Recording Studio in Miami Beach, Florida, and Germano Studios in New York City.[1] Brian May, a guitarist of Queen, and Clarence Clemons, a former member of the E Street Band, worked with Gaga in the album.[8][9]

On September 12, 2010, Lady Gaga made an appearance on the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards; during her acceptance speech for her award for Video of the Year, she announced the title of the album and sang the chorus of the its title track.[10] In December 2010, Gaga announced via Twitter the release dates of the album and its lead single at the stroke of midnight on January 1, 2011,[11] described by Gaga as "a Christmas gift for my fans".[12] Supplementing the announcement came a black-and-white photograph in which Gaga is "nude from the waist down, with her hair blowing about, and sporting a jacket with the name of the album emblazoned in what looks like bedazzled jewels".[11]

Artwork

On April 17, 2011, Gaga tweeted her selection for the cover art of Born This Way, which featured Gaga fused into a motorcycle. Gaga's name does not appear on the album cover – the only text is the chrome writing across the top reading the album's name.[13] The cover received a negative response from some critics and fans. Sean Michaels of The Guardian said of the cover: "[...] it looks more like a cheap Photoshop job than the most anticipated album of the year." He then commented: "Gone are the futurist sunglasses, the asymmetrical haircuts, even Gaga's newly touted magic horns; instead, a mutant motorbike with Gaga's arms and head, plus a cheesy chrome typeface." He also referenced several messages from fans on Lady Gaga's official forum expressing their dislike for the cover.[14] Andrew Martin of Prefix referred to it as "a reject from the last Terminator film".[15] The special edition cover was released on the same day. It featured just Gaga's head from the standard edition cover. The words "Lady Gaga" and "Born This Way" appear in the top left corner of the cover. They are typed in Impact font with "Born This Way" being highlighted in white with black letters. Neither of the words special nor deluxe appear anywhere on the album, as Gaga dislikes the words.[16]

Composition

Themes and influences

Major influences on Born This Way
In songs such as "Marry the Night", Gaga seeks influence from Whitney Houston.
Bruce Springsteen has prominent influences on the album, notably in songs such as "Hair" and "The Edge of Glory".
Influences stemming from Madonna can be heard throughout the album, including in songs such as "Born This Way" and "Scheiße".

In terms of musical composition, Born This Way is considered to be a notable departure from Gaga's previous works.[17] In contrast to much of her previous albums, which consist of elements of mostly electropop, house music, and dance-pop, Born This Way incorporates a broader range of elements of several musical genres such as opera,[18] heavy metal,[19] rock and roll,[20] Europop,[21] New Wave,[22] mariachi,[23] electro-industrial,[24][25] and disco.[26][27] Born This Way also features a wider variety of instrumentation and musical styles. For example in the eponymous lead single "Born This Way", an organ can be heard in addition to Gaga's voice closing out the song.[28] Gaga sought inspiration from Gregorian chant, a prominent feature in "Bloody Mary", in which a male vocal choir chants her name on several occasions.[18] "Americano" has also been noted to feature instrumentation such as guitars and violins.[29] On addition, "Bad Kids" is noted to feature electric guitars,[29] The songs "Hair" and "The Edge of Glory" are distinguishable from the rest of the album, as a saxophone can be heard throughout.[9] It was performed by Clarence Clemons, who was a prominent member of the E Street Band.[9] In several interviews, Lady Gaga expressed that she was mostly inspired by the likes of Madonna,[30] Whitney Houston,[19][30][31] and Bruce Springsteen.[19][27][31][32] Other notes of musical influence stemmed from Iron Maiden,[19] Kiss,[19] Queen,[8] TLC,[30] Pat Benatar,[33] and En Vogue.[30]

The album contains mainly moderate-tempo dance songs, described as "anthemic style melodies with really sledge-hammering dance beats."[34] In the months prior to the release of Born This Way, Gaga characterized her new music as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a [fucking] meat dress" and upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she will take music to the "next level."[35] In an interview with Yahoo!, Gaga explained her inspiration behind the composition of the album:

"Well I wanted to push pop music into a new direction, and you know as with usual things, creatively related, I felt this sort of usurping rock 'n roll energy in my show, from the fans. They have behaved for the past couple of years like a cult, like a heavy metal cult. I have been listening to metal for such a long time, I went to lots of different shows, I saw Iron Maiden live and I got very inspired. And I realized I wanted to create a hybrid album, an avant-garde techno-rock record that is really really heavy and industrial on one end and really joyful and pop on the other. So it is pop music with a very very very strong message and a very uncomfortable message, it intended to give you a sugar high and a terrible stomach ache."[36]

The album includes references to several religious figures of Christianity, notably Judas Iscariot, Mary Magdalene, and Jesus of Nazereth.[37] Several songs on the album give reference to multiple social topics, including the Arizona immigration law.[23] Messages of sexuality and feminism are among the most distinguishable components of Born This Way.[18][21][23] Other themes referenced in the album include individualism, equality, and freedom.[38]

Music and lyrical content

"It's like Whitney, but imagine if Bruce Springsteen had a baby with Whitney Houston — that's what it is", she said. "And that was it! We made a baby. Finally. After all that fornication, miserably long and tedious, Fernando and I finally conceived."

—Lady Gaga, on "Marry the Night"[31]

The album opens with "Marry the Night", a song written as a homage to New York City.[39] It is a dance-pop record which contains church bells,[40] a thumping four on the floor house beat,[41] a funk rock-influenced breakdown,[42] and has been noted to contain elements of disco, techno, funk and hi-NRG music.[43][21][44] The song's sound has been compared to that of 1980s hair metal artists, including Bon Jovi, Pat Benatar and Bonnie Tyler.[42] The next, and title, song, "Born This Way" is about how everybody is equal, regardless of skin color, sexuality, or creed, and that every person can fulfill his or her dream. The song, which has been compared with Madonna's "Express Yourself", features Eurodisco beats.[45] The third track of the album, "Government Hooker", contains elements of opera music,[18] and a dance melody resembling genres such as techno, trance, industrial and post-disco,[26][27][46][47] as well as a hip hop-influenced beat.[47] The song has been compared to the work of German electronic band Kraftwerk.[46]

The fourth song and second single is "Judas", which Gaga confirmed is influenced by the Biblical Judas Iscariot. Lyrically, the song's themes are about being betrayed as well as "honoring your darkness in order to bring yourself into the light", according to Gaga.[48] The song is also, in essence, a dance-pop and electropop track, with influences of industrial and disco music,[49][50][51][52] a 1980s-inspired pop chorus,[53] as well as a breakdown containing elements of dubstep and techno music.[17] In parts of the song, Gaga sing-raps with a Caribbean Patois accent.[53]

The album's fifth track is "Americano", a mariachi[26] song with techno, house and disco influences.[27] The lyrics to "Americano" are bilingual, consisting of Spanish and English. This song was written by Gaga as a response to the Arizona Immigration law, Arizona SB 1070. Critics have noted vaudevillian elements within the song,[54] and it has been compared it to the work of Judy Garland,[55] with Gaga herself claiming that she sees the French chanson singer Édith Piaf when she sings "Americano".[56] The sixth track, and also a promotional single, "Hair" is a song about expressing freedom through one's hair. The song has a dance-pop melody, yet, it has influences from rock/heavy metal music artists and bands such as Bruce Springsteen, Iron Maiden and Kiss, and also contains The E Street Band member Clarence Clemons playing the saxophone.[19] It has also been noted to incorporate disco[51] and Europop music.[57] The seventh track, "Scheiße" contains German lyrics and has a message of feminism,[21] accompanied by a heavy synths, techno beats, as well as Eurodisco influences.[18][27] The song's melody has drawn comparisons to Madonna and electroclash artist Miss Kittin.[58] After "Scheiße" is Born This Way 's eighth track, "Bloody Mary", a relatively slow-tempo[27] song containing "plucked strings" and "filthy beats",[59] as well as numerous religious references, and a trance-influenced melody.[18] "Bad Kids" contains 1980s synthpop influences and electric guitars.[26] Described as having an "old-school" style,[22] its disco beat has been compared to that of Donna Summer,[26] and influences of heavy metal music have been found within is composition.[50]

"Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)" is Born This Way 's tenth track; a dance-pop song with elements of industrial[60] and post-disco[22] music, it has been noted to have Bruce Springsteen influences, as well as powerful drums and synths.[27] "Heavy Metal Lover", the eleventh track, is song of electropop and techno tendencies,[21][61] which has been noted to contain elements of house music,[62] electro-industrial beats,[63] and has been compared to the power pop of the 1990s.[57] Synthesizers are used as a focal point for the song.[27] Following "Heavy Metal Lover" is "Electric Chapel", a heavy metal-influenced pop song noted to contain elements of Europop[57] which has been compared to Madonna.[21][26] The album's thirteenth track and fourth single, "You and I", is a rock and roll ballad which contains elements of country rock and music.[64] The song contains a moderato-tempo,[20] and Queen guitarist Brian May is also featured on the track.[8] The track, furthermore, samples Queen's 1977 single "We Will Rock You".[8]

The fourteenth track and third single is "The Edge of Glory", which is an upbeat song of dance-pop, electronic rock and synthpop tendencies; it also contains a saxophone solo by Clarence Clemons which has drawn comparisons to blues music.[65] The song's lyrics refer to the death of Gaga's grandfather.[66] "Black Jesus † Amen Fashion" is one of the bonus tracks. A pop song drawing influences from 1980s and 90s electronic and club music, it has been noted to contain elements of techno and New Wave music;[67] it has also been compared to Madonna and Justice.[67] The track's lyrics have numerous references relating to fashion and New York City,[68][69] including Broadway. "Fashion of His Love", the second bonus track, is a 1980s-influenced dance-pop song that contains references to the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen.[70] The final bonus track is "The Queen", which is a disco-influenced pop song about bravery; an element of feminism has been noted within the song's lyrics.[22]

Release and promotion

At the November 26, 2010 show of the Monster Ball Tour in Gdansk, Poland, Gaga announced that the album could potentially have up to twenty tracks.[71] She also added that production for the album was coming to a close.[72] In an interview with Vogue in February 2011, Lady Gaga confirmed that there would be a total of seventeen tracks on the album, of which fourteen of the songs would make the final cut to the standard edition.[73] The other three songs were initially to be released on an exclusive deluxe edition of the album at Target: however, Gaga later ended her partnership with Target in response to the company donating US$150,000 to conservative political group Minnesota Forward.[74]

Prior to the release of Born This Way, the contents of the album were leaked online on May 18, 2011.[75] Due to a violation of copyright law, it was later removed.[75] The album was formally released worldwide on May 23, 2011 in two separate editions.[11][76] The special edition included three bonus tracks not included on the standard edition of the album.[68] Several non-singles songs were previewed as part of promoting Born This Way. Remixes of "Scheiße" and "Government Hooker" were previewed at fashion shows presented by Thierry Mugler in January and March 2011, respectively.[77][78] Several songs were released on FarmVille during the next few days prior to the album's release, including "Marry the Night",[44] "Americano",[79] and "Electric Chapel".[80] Americano was used to promot Puss in Boots The Movie, in TV spots

Live performances

Lady Gaga performing "Born This Way" as part of The Monster Ball Tour.

Lady Gaga embarked on promotional tours and live performances for Born This Way and its accompanying singles through Europe, Asia and North America. Promotion began with a live performance of the album's lead single on February 13, 2011 at the 53rd Grammy Awards in Los Angeles.[81][82][83][84] Six days later at the show as part of The Monster Ball Tour in Atlantic City, Gaga performed "Born This Way" as a second encore, using the same general attire and choreography as the Grammy performance, however the incubation vessel was not present and slight alterations were made in the outfits of her dancers.[85] The song was then added to the set-list of the concert tour. Two months later "Judas" was performed by Gaga in at Kennedy Lounge in Tampa, Florida, after finishing her show at the adjacent St. Pete Times Forum as part of The Monster Ball Tour.[86] "Judas" was performed on national television for the first time on Ellen (April 28), and again at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival (May 12).[87][88]

Throughout the month of May, Gaga performed "Born This Way" on Oprah (May 6), The Graham Norton Show (May 13), and the season finale of Saturday Night Live (May 21), where the singer wore a metallic dress and a side ponytail.[89][90][91] It also included acoustic performances of "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory".[91] At the Radio 1's Big Weekend in Carlisle, Cumbria, Gaga performed the first three singles of the album, as well as a live performance of "Bad Romance" (2009) and a cover of "Orange Colored Sky" as sung by Nat King Cole.[92] On May 25, Lady Gaga showcased the final version of "The Edge of Glory" at the final show of the tenth season of American Idol, where she was joined by Clemons in person.[93] Following her concert on American Idol, Gaga appeared on Good Morning America as part of the "Summer Concert Series", which took place at Central Park in New York.[94] While there, she opened up the show with a performance of "Bad Romance", and performed all the songs from the album.[94] Proceeding the event was an appearance on the season finale of Germany's Next Topmodel: Gaga previewed her song "Scheiße" and played an acoustic rendition of "Born This Way" on the piano, while performing "The Edge of Glory" to close off the show.[95][96]

Lady Gaga traveled to Rome, Italy to appear at EuroPride 2011, where she sang several songs from the album and denounced discrimination against the LGBT community.[97] Performances on the Paul O'Grady Show and X Factor followed suit: in the latter appearance, she started off the show playing a keytar for "The Edge of Glory", and transitioned into "Judas".[98][99][100] At the 2011 MuchMusic Video Awards, Gaga opened up with "The Edge of Glory" and closes off the show by performing the eponymous lead single.[101] Both songs were performed again at the 2011 MTV Video Music Aid Japan, in which Gaga opens up the show once more by singing the album's third single, while performing an acoustic rendition of "Born This Way".[102] At French television show Taratata, "Hair" was performed by Gaga.[103][104] The recorded performance was released to her YouTube channel by Gaga.[105] It was again performed during a short promotional tour in Taiwan, alongside with songs such as "Judas" and "Telephone".[106] In May 2011, Gaga told Australian radio show The Kyle & Jackie O Show that she would be coming to Sydney to perform a one-off concert in July 2011, to promote Born This Way, which occurred at Sydney Town Hall on July 13.[107][108] Over the course of a few months, Gaga performed "The Edge of Glory", "Hair" and "Yoü and I" on various occasions, notably on The Howard Stern Show (July 18), Jimmy Kimmel Live! (July 28), The View (August 3), and the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards (August 28).[109][110][111]

Singles

Thus far, four singles have been released from the album. "Born This Way" was released as the album's lead single on February 11, 2011.[112][113] Described as a "magical message", the song was written by Lady Gaga and Jeppe Laursen, and produced by Gaga, Laursen, Fernando Garibay, and DJ White Shadow.[114] The song was met with mostly positive reception from critics: similarities to songs such as Madonna's "Express Yourself" were pointed out by critics.[115][116][117][118] "Born This Way" was met with widespread commercial success, topping the charts in over nineteen countries. The song became Gaga's third number one hit in the United States, where it spent six weeks on the top of the Billboard Hot 100[119][120] The song sold over a million copies worldwide, becoming the fastest selling song in iTunes history.[121] "Judas" became the second single for Born This Way.[122] The song was released on April 15, 2011. Critics reacted positively to "Judas", complimenting the song's breakdown,[123] yet noted similarities in its composition with that of "Bad Romance".[124][125] For the issue dated April 30, 2011, it debuted at number four on Hot Digital Songs chart with 162,000 copies sold.[126] On the Billboard Hot 100, the song peaked at number ten,[127] and charted in the top ten of twenty countries while reaching the number one spot on the South Korean charts.[128]

Gaga performing "The Edge of Glory" at EuroPride 2011.

"The Edge of Glory" was originally released on May 9, 2011 as a promotional single. However, due to the huge commercial success of the song, it was shortly re-released as the third single for the album two days later.[129] The song has been met with critical acclaim from many critics, whom deemed it as an album highlight. Points of positive reception include the saxophone solo, the underlying message and Gaga's vocals, which were described as a "throaty, soulful voice".[130] "The Edge of Glory" has been met with high commercial success, charting on the top-ten in nineteen countries. It became Gaga's tenth consecutive top-ten single in the United States, debuting at number three on the Hot 100.[119]

"You and I" is the album's fourth single. Critics reacted positively to "You and I", whom complimented the musical composition of the song.[131][132] It impacted American mainstream radio stations on August 23, 2011. The song became Gaga's eleventh consecutive top ten single in the United States, peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100.[133]

"Marry the Night" serves as the fifth single from the album.[134] The song has already charted in five different countries including the United States, where it peaked at number seventy-nine on the Billboard Hot 100.[127]. Interscope Records confirmed to Billboard that while the song is to be released as the fifth single internationally, they're still undecided on which song to release in the U.S.[135]. "Marry The Night" officially impacted Australian radio on October 17, 2011.[136]. "Marry The Night" will be released in the UK on November 21, 2011.[137]

Other charted songs

Prior to the release of Born This Way, "Hair" served as the first promotional single for the album. Initially "Hair" was supposed to be released as the second promotional single from Born This Way, following "The Edge of Glory", on May 16, 2011.[138][139] However due to the success of "The Edge of Glory", it became the first promotional single for the album.[140] As well as with aforementioned song, "Hair" features a saxophone solo performed by Clarence Clemons.[9] The song was well-received by critics who, appreciating the underlying message of the song, described it as an "empowerment anthem".[141] Aside being a critical success, "Hair" was also a commercial success. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number thirteen on the UK Singles Chart. Along with the song, Gaga's other singles were all within the top twenty on the chart, making Gaga the first female artist since Ruby Murray in 1955, to have four songs simultaneously within the top twenty.[142] In the United States, it entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number twelve, becoming the highest debuting single of the week.[143] "Hair" also reached the top ten in the charts of Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland and Spain, and top twenty in Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia region) and France.[144][145]

Several other songs on the album charted in various major markets. In addition to the aforementioned song, "Scheiße", "Americano", and "Government Hooker" managed to chart within the top twenty spots of the South Korean Gaon Chart.[146][147][148] In Spain, "Black Jesus † Amen Fashion" debuted at number twenty-two on the Spanish Singles Chart for the issue dated September 4, 2011.[149] In the United Kingdom, five non-single songs charted on the UK Singles Chart. "Marry the Night" attained the highest position, debuting at number 112.[150] Other charting songs include "The Queen" and "Fashion of His Love", which garnered spots at number 150 and number 140 on the UK Singles Chart, respectively.[151].

Reception

Critical response

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic(71/100)[152]
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[153]
Robert ChristgauA−[154]
Entertainment Weekly(B+)[155]
The Guardian[156]
The Independent[157]
Los Angeles Times(unfavorable)[158]
Rolling Stone[45]
Slant Magazine[159]
Spin(8/10)[41]
The Village Voice(mixed)[160]

Born This Way received positive reviews from most music critics upon its release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 71, based on 33 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[152] Dan Martin of NME gave it an eight out of 10 rating, stating "Gaga doesn't know when to hold back – and it's a damn good thing", and complimented Gaga for pushing musical boundaries to its "ultimate degree."[17] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine opined: "There's nothing small about this album, and Gaga sings the shit out of every single track."[159] Cinquemani compared the album to The Killers' album Sam's Town, calling it "bloated, self-important, proudly American, an exercise in extraordinary excess."[159] BBC Music called the album a "marvelous record" and commended Gaga for "actually putting a bit of effort and imagination back into pop."[161] Rolling Stone's Rob Sheffield praised Gaga's vocals and musical style, expressing that "the more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[45] Bill Lamb of About.com gave the album five out of five stars and concluded in his review, "Born This Way begins and ends with near perfection."[162] Spin felt that "excess is Gaga's riskiest musical gamble, but it's also her greatest weapon, and Born This Way relentlessly bludgeons listeners' pleasure centres”, and concluded that “she's making a convincing case that she's evolving into our most surreally brilliant pop star.”[41] Adam Markovitz of Entertainment Weekly found the album "rewarding but wildly uneven", adding that "If Gaga doesn't find a stand-alone hit here on the order of 'Bad Romance,' the album’s sprawl still shows off the breadth of her talent."[155] Despite criticizing her for "letting her skills as a songwriter slide ever so slightly", Allmusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars and complimented Gaga's composing "sensibility" and "considerable dexterity at delivering the basics".[153]

However, Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune felt that the album was rushed, describing it as "hyperventilating".[163] Kot expressed that it felt like the sound "of a major artist sprinting to please everyone all the time."[163] Randall Roberts of the Los Angeles Times opined that Gaga was lacking in innovation, stating that "musical adventure is not one of her strong points."[164] He continued: "She’s unsubtle in her message, unsubtle in her dress, and, most important, unsubtle aesthetically[...]. If Gaga had only spent as much time on pushing musical boundaries as she has social ones, Born This Way would have been a lot more successful."[164] Chris Richards of The Washington Post found it "boring", writing, "Yes, Born This Way is a dark, dense and surprisingly aggressive listen... [but] at its worst, it sounds like reheated leftovers from some '80s movie soundtrack."[165] The Boston Globe called the album "the most deflated moment in pop music this year," saying the album lacks cohesion and the songwriting "feels thin."[166] The Independent gave Born This Way three out of five stars. While complimenting her vocal range, criticized the diversity within the album and stated "the broader she spreads her net musically, the less distinctive her art becomes."[157] Evan Sawdey of PopMatters gave the album a five out of 10 rating and dubbed it "her weakest album to date", commenting that it "fus[es] some daring songwriting with some remarkably repetitive themes and beats".[167] Rich Juzwiak of The Village Voice commented that Gaga's "we-shall-overcome sentiment" is expressed more effectively through the album's "egalitarian use of house beats" than through her "sloganeering", which he found "trite" and "[un]insightful".[160] In his consumer guide for MSN Music, critic Robert Christgau viewed the album as not on-par with The Fame or The Fame Monster, but added that "both of those keep growing, and with its mad momentum and nutty thematics, this one could too."[154]

Commercial performance

The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 1,108,000 copies, Gaga's first number-one album and the highest first-week total since 50 Cent's The Massacre (2005) sold 1,141,000 in its first week. It is the seventeenth album to sell over a million copies in one week. Gaga is the fifth woman to sell one million copies in a week, after Whitney Houston (The Bodyguard Soundtrack, 1992), Britney Spears (Oops!...I Did It Again, 2000), Norah Jones (Feels Like Home, 2004), and Taylor Swift (Speak Now, 2010). Amazon sold an estimated 440,000 copies in its first two days at a price of 99 cents[168] (at a loss of over $3 million[169]) which contributed to its 662,000 digital sales, the largest in SoundScan history. The digital downloads accounted for 60 percent of Born This Way's first week total.[170][171] The album also became the eighth best-selling digital album in U.S. history after its first week of sales.[172] Before debuting on the Billboard 200, Born This Way debuted at number ten on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart.[173] The next week, it jumped to number one, displacing The Fame.[174] In its second week, the album remained at number one on the Billboard 200, despite an 84% sales decrease, selling 174,000 copies.[175] Digitally, the album had a 94% drop, selling 38,000 copies.[176] In its third week the album fell to number two being displaced by Adele's 21 with 42% sales decrease, selling 100,000 copies.[177] In its fourth week the album fell to number four with 33% sales decrease, selling 68,000 copies.[177] As of October 2011, Born This Way is the second best selling album of 2011 in the United States, with sales of 1,827,000 copies.[178]

The album debuted at number one in Ireland,[179] and Sweden,[180] while debuting at number two in Finland.[181] The album debuted at number one in Australia, becoming her second number-one album there after The Fame Monster. Born This Way was certified platinum in Australia in its first week, by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipment of 70,000 copies.[182] In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart dated May 29, 2011, selling 215,639 units, which is the highest first-week sales of the year.[183] That week, the album outsold more than the rest of the top 10 combined[183] and has the best first-week tally of any album by an American female solo artist since Madonna's Confessions on a Dance Floor with sales of 217,610 copies in 2005.[184] According to The Official Charts Company, the album has sold a total of 527,110 as of August 2011.[185] Born This Way debuted at number one on the New Zealand Albums Chart, becoming her second album to chart there, also after The Fame Monster. The album was certified platinum in its first week of sales.[186] Born This Way sold 184,000 copies in its first week in Japan, and debuted atop the Oricon.[187] It has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipment of 500,000 copies.[188] As of July 26, 2011, it has sold 510,000 copies in Japan.[189] According to Universal Music Russia Born This Way sold more than 30,000 copies in its first two days in Russia.[190] The album sold 2.5 million copies worldwide on its first week of release.[36] As of September 2011, worldwide sales of Born This Way exceed 7,200,000 copies.[191]

Criticism from religious commentators

"I find Gaga to be increasingly irrelevant. She thinks she is going to be groundbreaking. She is trying to ripoff Christian idolatry to shore up her talentless, mundane and boring performances. Another ex-Catholic whose head is turned around. This is a stunt. People have real talent, and then there is Lady Gaga. Is this the only way to jet up her performance? This isn’t random, we are getting closer to Holy Week and Easter."

—William A. Donohue, on the music video of "Judas"[192]

Several religious groups have condemned the album, in particular for its incorporation of several religious icons of Christianity and its stance on sexuality. In Lebanon, Born This Way was temporarily banned by the General Secretary Department, who deemed the album to be in bad taste and mocking of Christianity.[193] Abdo Abu Kassm, director of the Catholic Information Center of Lebanon, highly criticized the themes of the album, expressing that "if they are going to offend us we are going to cancel the album."[194] He continued: "We will not accept that anyone insult the Virgin Mary or Jesus or Christianity [...]. Call us traditional, call us backward, call us whatever you want. We will not accept it."[194] This ban lasted up until June 9.[193][195][196]

The music video of "Judas" was criticized by William A. Donohue, the president of the Catholic League, notably for Gaga's portrayal of Mary Magdalene. In an interview with HollywoodLife.com, Donahue expressed discontent towards Gaga's focus on Judas and Mary Magdalene, calling her "increasingly irrelevant" compared to people with "real talent", and attacked her for seemingly purposefully debuting the song and video close to Holy Week and Easter.[192] Shortly after its release, "Judas" was subsequently banned in Lebanon.[197] In Malaysia, where homosexuality is considered a criminal offense, the government criticized the album for its stance on sexuality and feminism.[198] Shortly after the release of the title track "Born This Way", radio stations across the country edited out several lyrics of the song as ordered by the Malaysian government.[199] Rosnah Ismail, the vice-chancellor of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, condemned the song, opining: "Islam forbids this. We have to abide by the country's laws."[200]

However, not all religious groups reacted negatively to the album. Helen Lee of Busted Halo felt that Gaga was "spreading the [good] news of Jesus Christ, whether intentionally or not."[201] She resumed: "Her views on celibacy, personal strength and individuality are certainly laudable [...] and far more compelling is what she has to say about human nature and human suffering."[201]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Marry the Night"Lady Gaga, Fernando GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay4:25
2."Born This Way"Lady Gaga, Jeppe LaursenLady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		4:20
3."Government Hooker"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay*, DJ Snake*4:14
4."Judas"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne4:09
5."Americano"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow, Cheche AlaraLady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow4:06
6."Hair"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne5:08
7."Scheiße"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne3:45
8."Bloody Mary"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay*, Clinton Sparks*4:05
9."Bad Kids"Lady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		3:51
10."Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)"Lady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		4:16
11."Heavy Metal Lover"Lady Gaga, GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay4:13
12."Electric Chapel"Lady Gaga, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow4:12
13."You and I"Lady GagaLady Gaga, Robert John "Mutt" Lange5:07
14."The Edge of Glory"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, Garibay5:21
Total length:61:12
Bonus tracks[202][203][204]
No.TitleWriter(s)Remixer(s)Length
15."Born This Way" (Jost & Naaf Remix) (international bonus track)Lady Gaga, LaursenJost & Naaf5:58
16."Born This Way" (LLG vs. GLG Radio Remix) (Japanese bonus track)Lady Gaga, LaursenGuéna LG3:50

Special edition

Disc 1
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Marry the Night"Lady Gaga, GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay4:25
2."Born This Way"Lady Gaga, LaursenLady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		4:20
3."Government Hooker"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay*, DJ Snake*4:14
4."Judas"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne4:09
5."Americano"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow, AlaraLady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White Shadow4:06
6."Hair"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne5:08
7."Scheiße"Lady Gaga, RedOneLady Gaga, RedOne3:45
8."Bloody Mary"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Garibay*, Sparks*4:05
9."Black Jesus † Amen Fashion"Lady Gaga, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow3:36
10."Bad Kids"Lady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, Laursen, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		3:51
11."Fashion of His Love"Lady Gaga, GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay3:39
12."Highway Unicorn (Road to Love)"Lady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, RedOne, Garibay,
DJ White Shadow		4:16
13."Heavy Metal Lover"Lady Gaga, GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay4:13
14."Electric Chapel"Lady Gaga, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, DJ White Shadow4:12
15."The Queen"Lady Gaga, GaribayLady Gaga, Garibay5:17
16."You and I"Lady GagaLady Gaga, Lange5:07
17."The Edge of Glory"Lady Gaga, Garibay, DJ White ShadowLady Gaga, Garibay5:21
Total length:73:39
Disc 2
No.TitleWriter(s)Remixer(s)Length
1."Born This Way" (Country Road Version)Lady Gaga, LaursenLady Gaga, Garibay4:21
2."Judas" (DJ White Shadow Remix)Lady Gaga, RedOneDJ White Shadow4:07
3."Marry the Night" (Zedd Remix)Lady Gaga, GaribayZedd4:21
4."Scheiße" (DJ White Shadow Mugler)Lady Gaga, RedOneDJ White Shadow9:35
5."Fashion of His Love" (Fernando Garibay Remix)Lady Gaga, GaribayGaribay3:45
Total length:23:28
Bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Remixer(s)Length
6."Born This Way" (Jost & Naaf Remix) (international bonus track)Lady Gaga, LaursenJost & Naaf5:58
7."Born This Way" (LLG vs. GLG Radio Remix) (Japanese bonus track)Lady Gaga, LaursenGuéna LG3:50
Costco digital download card bonus tracks[205]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Born This Way" (Bimbo Jones Club Remix)Lady Gaga, Laursen6:45
2."Born This Way" (Zedd Remix)Lady Gaga, Laursen6:30
Notes

Formats

Limited Collector's Edition (Picture Disc Vinyl Box Set)[206]
  • 17 original Born This Way tracks in a nine piece 12" vinyl picture disc set. (a special message from Lady Gaga will be etched into the vinyl)
  • 24" × 24" commemorative fanwall mosaic poster
  • Personalized Little Monsters photo I.D. card with unique number that gives access to special offers
  • Custom numbered box
  • Born This Way special edition album download
Born This Way (Special Edition Fan Package)[207]
  • 22-track Special edition of Born This Way
  • Born This Way double gatefold 180 grams (6.3 oz) vinyl LP
  • Special edition 22-track album download
  • Personalized Little Monsters photo I.D. card with unique number that gives access to special offers
  • Access to commemorative digital fanwall mosaic
Born This Way (Special Edition album download)[208]
  • 22-track Special edition of Born This Way
  • Donates $1 to the MAC AIDS foundation
Born This Way (Indian Version)[209]
  • 14-track edition of Born This Way
  • Contains two additional remixes: "Born This Way (Bollywood Remix)" and "Born This Way (UK Desi Remix)".
Born This Way (Limited USB Drive)[210][211]
  • 17-track Special edition of Born This Way
  • 6 New remixes
    • Born This Way (UK Desi Hits Remix)
    • Judas (Desi Hits! Salim & Sulaiman Remix)
    • Judas (Thomas Gold Remix)
    • The Edge of Glory (Electrolightz Remix)
    • The Edge of Glory (Cahill Major Radio Mix)
    • Government Hooker (DJ White Shadow Mugler Remix)
  • 3 Music videos (Born This Way, Judas; The Edge of Glory)
  • Extras
    • Gagavision 41-44
    • Photo Gallery
    • Special feature for Little Monsters Membership Card Holders. Membership Card free application included.
Born This Way – The Remix
  • 14 remixes of tracks from Born This Way.
  • 7 New remixes
  • iTunes exclusive bonus track
Born This Way – The Collection

Personnel

Credits for Born This Way adapted from Allmusic.[212]

Charts and certifications

Release history

Region Date Format Label Edition(s)
Worldwide May 23, 2011 CD, digital download Streamline Records, Interscope Records, Kon Live Standard, deluxe
Colombia[247][248][249] May 30, 2011 Standard
United States[250] June 7, 2011 CD, LP, digital download Fan package (Deluxe)
United States[251] by August 30, 2011 LP, digital download Limited collector's edition (Deluxe)
Germany[252] September 27, 2011 USB drive Interscope Standard
United States[211] October 3, 2011 Deluxe

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