List of popes

Not to be confused with List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria.

For a graphical representation of this list, see List of popes (graphical).

Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St Peter's (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.

The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.

The term pope (Latin: papa "father") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Papa, Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.

Chronological list of popes

1st–5th centuries

1st century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
1	33 – 64/67		St Peter PETRUS	Simon Peter CΙΜΗΟΝ ΚΗΦΑC ܫܶܡܥܽܘܢ ܟ݁ܺܐܦ݂ܳܐ	Bethsaida, Galilea	Apostle of Jesus from whom he received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18–19. Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. Recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome (Pope) appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.
2	64/67(?) – 76/79(?)		St Linus LINUS	Linus	Tuscia	Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
3	76/79(?) – 88/92		St Anacletus (Cletus) ANACLETUS	Anacletus	Rome	Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus
4	88/92 – 97	File:San Clemente de Roma.jpg	St Clement I CLEMENS	Clement	Rome	Feast day 23 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November.
5	97/99 – 105/107		St Evaristus EVARISTUS	Aristus	Bethlehem, Judea	Feast day 26 October

2nd century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
6	105/107 – 115/116		St Alexander I ALEXANDER	Alexánder	Rome	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March.
7	115/116 – 125		St Sixtus I XYSTVS	Xystus	Rome	6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	125 – 136/138		St Telesphorus TELESPHORVS	Telesphorus	Terranova da Sibari, Calabria
9	136/138 – 140/142		St Hyginus YGINVS	Hyginus	Athens, Greece	Traditionally martyred; feast day 11 January
10	140/142 – 155		St Pius I PIVS	Pius	Aquileia, Friuli	Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July
11	155–166		St Anicetus ANICETVS	Anicitus	Emesa, Syria	Traditionally martyred; feast day 17 April
12	c.166 – 174/175		St Soter SOTERIUS	Soter	Fondi, Latium	Traditionally martyred; feast day 22 April
13	174/175 – 189		St Eleuterus ELEVTHERIVS	Eleuther	Nicopoli, Epirus	Traditionally martyred; feast day 6 May
14	189 – 198/199		St Victor I VICTOR	Victor	Roman Africa
15	199–217		St Zephyrinus ZEPHYRINUS	Zephyrinus	Rome

3rd century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
16	c.217 – 222/223		St Callixtus I CALLISTUS	Callistus	Spain	Martyred; feast day 14 October
17	222/223 – 230		St Urban I URBANUS	Urban	Rome	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.
18	21 July 230 – 28 September 235 (5 years+)		St Pontian PONTIANUS	Pontianus	Rome	First to abdicate office after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Cataloguerecords his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.
19	21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (44 days)		St Anterus ANTERUS	Anterus	Petilia Policastro - Calabria	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 January 236 – 20 January 250 (14 years+)		St Fabian FABIANUS	Fabianus	Rome	Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	6/11 March 251 – June 253 (2 years+)		St Cornelius CORNELIUS	Cornelius		Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (256 days)		St Lucius I LUCIUS	Lucius	Rome	Feast day 4 March
23	12 May 254 – 2 August 257 (3 years+)		St Stephen I STEPHANUS	Stephanus	Rome	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	30/31 August 257 – 6 August 258 (340/341 days)		St Sixtus II XYSTUS Secundus	Sixtus	Greece	Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
25	22 July 259 – 26 December 268 (9 years+)		St Dionysius DIONYSIUS	Dionysius	Greece	Feast day 26 December
26	5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (5 years+)		St Felix I FELIX	Felix	Rome
27	4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (8 years+)		St Eutychian EUTYCHIANUS	Eutychianus
28	17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years+)		St Caius CAIUS	Gaius		Martyred (according to legend) Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 1 April 304 (7 years+)		St Marcellinus MARCELLINUS	Marcellinus		Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

4th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
30	308–309		St Marcellus I MARCELLUS
31	c.309 – c.310		St Eusebius EUSEBIUS
32	2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (2 years+)		St Miltiades (Melchiades) MILTIADES		Africa	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great
33	31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (21 years+)		St Sylvester I SILVESTER		Sant'Àngelo a Scala, Avellino	Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea, 325.
34	18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days)		St Mark MARCUS		Rome	Feast day 7 October
35	6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (15 years+)		St Julius I IULIUS		Rome
36	17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (14 years+)		Liberius LIBERIUS			Earliest Pope not yet canonized by the Roman Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
37	1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (18 years+)		St Damasus I DAMASUS		Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal	Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome, 382.
38	11 December 384 – 26 November 399 (14 years+)		St Siricius Papa SIRICIUS
39	27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (2 years+)		St Anastasius I Papa ANASTASIUS

5th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
40	22 December 401 – 12 March 417 (15 years+)		St Innocent I Papa INNOCENTIUS			Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric
41	18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (1 year+)		St Zosimus Papa ZOSIMUS		Mesoraca - Calabria
42	28/29 December 418 – 4 September 422 (3 years+)		St Boniface I Papa BONIFACIUS
43	10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (9 years+)		St Celestine I Papa COELESTINUS		Rome, Western Roman Empire	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.
44	31 July 432 – March/August 440 (~8 years)		St Sixtus III Papa SIXTUS Tertius
45	29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (21 years+)		St Leo I Papa LEO MAGNUS		Rome	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (6 years+)		St Hilarius Papa HILARIUS	Hilarius	Sardinia
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (15 years+)		St Simplicius Papa SIMPLICIUS	Simplicius	Tìvoli
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (8 years+)		St Felix III (Felix II) Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)	Felice	Rome	Sometimes called Felix II
49	1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (4 years+)		St Gelasius I Papa GELASIUS	Gelasius	Africa
50	24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (~2 years)		Anastasius II Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus	Anastasius
51	22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (15 years+)		St Symmachus Papa SYMMACHUS	Sìmmaco	Sardinia

6th–10th centuries

6th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 19 July 523 (~9 years)		St Hormisdas Papa HORMISDUS	Hormisdas	Frosinone, Southern Latium	Father of Pope Silverius
53	13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (2 years+)		St John I Papa IOANNES	Giovanni	Toscana
54	13 July 526 – 22 September 530 (4 years+)		St Felix IV (Felix III) Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)	Felice	Samnium	Sometimes called Felix III
55	22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (2 years+)		Boniface II Papa BONIFACIUS Secundus	Bonifàcio	Rome to Ostrogoth parents
56	2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (2 years+)		John II Papa IOHANNES Secundus	Mercùrio	Rome	First pope to not use personal name. This was due to Mercury being a Roman god.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (346 days)		St Agapetus I Papa AGAPETUS	Agapito	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom	Feast days 22 April 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	1 June 536 – 11 November 537 (1 year+)		St Silverius Papa SILVERIUS	Silverius		Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (18 years+)		Vigilius Papa VIGILIUS		Rome
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (~5 years)		Pelagius I Papa PELAGIUS		Rome
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (~13 years)		John III Papa IOANNES Tertius	Catelinus	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (4 years+)		Benedict I Papa BENEDICTUS
63	26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (10 years+)		Pelagius II Papa PELAGIUS Secundus		Rome
64	3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (13 years+)		St Gregory I, O.S.B. (Gregory the Great) Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS	Gregorio	Rome	First to formally employ the titles "Servus servorum Dei" and "Pontifex Maximus". Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March.

7th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
65	13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (1 year+)		Sabinian Papa SABINIANUS		Blera
66	19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (267 days)		Boniface III Papa BONIFACIUS Tertius	Bonifàcio	Rome
67	25 August 608 – 8 May 615 (6 years+)		St Boniface IV, O.S.B. Papa BONIFACIUS Quartus	Bonifàcio	Marsi	First Pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68	19 October 615 – 8 November 618 (3 years+)		St Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) Papa ADEODATUS		Rome	Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number
69	23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (5 years+)		Boniface V Papa BONIFACIUS Quintus	Bonifàcio	Naples
70	27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (12 years+)		Honorius I Papa HONORIUS	Onório	Campania, Byzantine Empire
71	October 638 – 2 August 640 (1 year+)		Severinus Papa SEVERINUS	Severino	Rome
72	24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (1 year+)		John IV Papa IOANNES Quartus	Ivan	Zadar, Dalmatia, now Croatia
73	24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (6 years+)		Theodore I Papa THEODORUS		Palestine
74	July 649 – 16 September 655 (6 years+)		St Martin I Papa MARTINUS	Martino	Near Todi, Umbria, Byzantine Empire	Feast Day 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 August 654 – 2 June 657 (2 years+)		St Eugene I Papa EUGENIUS	Eugènio	Rome
76	30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (14 years+)		St Vitalian Papa VITALIANUS		Segni, Byzantine Empire
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (4 years+)		Adeodatus II, O.S.B. Papa ADEODATUS Secundus		Rome, Byzantine Empire	Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78	2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (1 year+)		Donus Papa DONUS		Rome, Byzantine Empire
79	27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (2 years+)		St Agatho Papa AGATHO		Sicily	Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.
80	December 681 – 3 July 683 (1 year+)	File:LeoII-s.jpg	St Leo II Papa LEO Secundus	Lèo	Sicily	Feast day 3 July
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (317 days)		St Benedict II Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus	Benedetto	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 7 May
82	12 July 685 – 2 August 686 (1 year+)		John V Papa IOANNES Quintus		Syria
83	21 October 686 – 22 September 687 (335 days)		Conon Papa CONON
84	15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (13 years+)		St Sergius I Papa SERGIUS		Sicily

8th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
85	30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (3 years+)		John VI Papa IOANNES Sextus	Ιωάννης	Greece
86	1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (2 years+)		John VII Papa IOANNES Septimus	Ιωάννης	Rossano - Calàbria	Second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor
87	15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (21 days)		Sisinnius Papa SISINNIUS		Syria
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7 years+)		Constantine Papa CONSTANTINUS		Syria	Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001
89	19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (15 years+)		St Gregory II Papa GREGORIUS Secundus	Gregorio	Rome, Byzantine Empire	Feast day 11 February
90	18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (10 years+)	File:SangregorioIII.jpg	St Gregory III Papa GREGORIUS Tertius		Syria	Third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor
91	3 December 741 – 14/22 March 752 (10 years+)		St Zachary Papa ZACHARIAS		Santa Severina - Calàbria	Feast day 15 March
(never consecrated)	23 March 752 – 25 March 752 (Never took office as pope)	File:Stef2pope.jpg	Pope-elect Stephen Papa Electus STEPHANUS			Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include his name. The Vatican sanctioned his addition to the list of popes in the sixteenth century; however he was removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (5 years+)		Stephen II (Stephen III) Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)			Sometimes called Stephen III
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (10 years+)		St Paul I Papa PAULUS	Paolo	Rome
94	1/7 August 767 – 24 January 772 (4 years+)		Stephen III (Stephen IV) Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)	Stefano	Sicily	Sometimes called Stephen IV
95	1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (23 years+)		Adrian I Papa HADRIANUS	Adriano	Rome
96	26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (20 years+)		St Leo III Papa LEO Tertius	Lèo	Rome	Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy

9th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at election / death or resigned	# years as pope	Notes
97	12 June 816 – 24 January 817		St Stephen IV (Stephen V) Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)	Stephanus			<1	Sometimes called Stephen V
98	25 January 817 – 11 February 824		St Paschal I Papa PASCHALIS	Pasquale	Rome		7
99	8 May 824 – August 827		Eugene II Papa EUGENIUS Secundus	Eugènio	Rome		3
100	August 827 – September 827		Valentine Papa VALENTINUS	Valentino	Rome		<1
101	827 – January 844		Gregory IV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus	Gregorio	Rome		17
102	January 844 – 7 January 847	File:SergiusII.jpg	Sergius II Papa SERGIUS Secundus		Rome		3
103	January 847 – 17 July 855		St Leo IV, O.S.B. Papa LEO Quartus	Lèo	Rome		8	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104	855 – 7 April 858	File:Ben3pope.jpg	Benedict III Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius	Benedetto	Rome
105	24 April 858 – 13 November 867		St Nicholas I (Nicholas the Great) Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS	Niccolò	Rome		9
106	14 December 867 – 14 December 872		Adrian II Papa HADRIANUS Secundus	Adriano	Rome		5
107	14 December 872 – 16 December 882	File:GiovanniVIII.jpg	John VIII Papa IOANNES Octavus	Giovanni	Rome		10
108	16 December 882 – 15 May 884		Marinus I Papa MARINUS	Marino	Gallese, Rome		1
109	17 May 884 – c.September 885		St Adrian III Papa HADRIANUS Tertius	Adriano	Rome
110	885 – 14 September 891		Stephen V (Stephen VI) Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)	Stefano	Rome			Sometimes called Stephen VI
111	19 September 891 – 4 April 896		Formosus Papa FORMOSUS	Formoso	Ostia		4	Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod
112	4 April 896 – 19 April 896		Boniface VI Papa BONIFACIUS Sextus	Bonifàcio	Rome		<1
113	22 May 896 – August 897		Stephen VI (Stephen VII) Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)	Stefano			1	Sometimes called Stephen VII
114	August 897 – November 897	File:Romano papa.jpg	Romanus Papa ROMANUS	Romano	Gallese, Rome		<1
115	December 897	File:TeodoroII.jpg	Theodore II Papa THEODORUS Secundus	Teodoro	Rome		<1
116	January 898 – January 900		John IX, O.S.B. Papa IOANNES Nonus	Giovanni	Tìvoli			Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
117	900 – 903	File:BenedettoIV.jpg	Benedict IV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus	Benedetto	Rome

10th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at election / death or resigned	# years as pope	Notes
118	July 903 – September 903		Leo V Papa LEO Quintus	Lèo	Ardea		<1
119	29 January 904 – 14 April 911		Sergius III Papa SERGIUS Tertius	Sergio	Rome		7	"Saeculum obscurum" begins
120	April 911 – June 913	File:120-anastasio3.jpg	Anastasius III Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius		Rome		2
121	July/August 913 – February/March 914	File:Landopapa.jpg	Lando Papa LANDO	Lando	Sabina		<1
122	March 914 – May 928	File:IoannesX.jpg	John X Papa IOANNES Decimus	Giovanni	Romagna		14
123	May 928 – December 928	File:LeoVIpapa.jpg	Leo VI Papa LEO Sextus	Lèo	Rome		<1
124	December 928 – February 931		Stephen VII (Stephen VIII) Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)	Stefano	Rome		2	Sometimes called Stephen VIII
125	February/March 931 – December 935		John XI Papa IOANNES Undecimus	Giovanni	Rome		4
126	3 January 936 – 13 July 939		Leo VII, O.S.B. Papa LEO Septimus	Lèo			3	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – October 942		Stephen VIII (Stephen IX) Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)	Stephan	Rome		3	Sometimes called Stephen IX
128	30 October 942 – May 946		Marinus II Papa MARINUS Secundus	Marino	Rome		3
129	10 May 946 – December 955	File:Agapito II.jpg	Agapetus II Papa AGAPETUS Secundus	Agapito	Rome		9
130	16 December 955 – 14 May 964		John XII Papa IOANNES Duodecimus	Octavian	Rome		8	Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum"
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964	File:BenedettoV.jpg	Benedict V Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus		Rome		<1	Elected after John XII's death by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; Benedict accepted his deposition in 964 leaving Leo as sole pope.
132	July 964 – 1 March 965	File:Leo VIII.jpg	Leo VIII Papa LEO Octavus		Rome		<1	Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true Pope after Benedict V was deposed
133	1 October 965 – 6 September 972		John XIII Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus		Rome		6
134	19 January 973 – June 974	File:BenedettoVI.jpg	Benedict VI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus		Rome, Papal States		1	Deposed and murdered
135	October 974 – 10 July 983	File:BenedettoVII.jpg	Benedict VII Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus		Rome		8
136	December 983 – 20 August 984	File:IoannesXIV.jpg	John XIV Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Piètro Campanora	Pavia		<1
137	August 985 – March 996	File:IoannesXV.jpg	John XV Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus		Rome		10
138	3 May 996 – 18 February 999		Gregory V Papa GREGORIUS Quintus	Bruno of Carinthia	Germany, Holy Roman Empire		2	First German Pope
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003		Sylvester II Papa SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d'Aurillac	Auvergne region of France		4	First French Pope

11th–15th centuries

11th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
140	June 1003 – 6 December 1003		John XVII Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Siccone	Rome, Papal States
141	25 December 1003 – July 1009 (5 years+)		John XVIII Papa IOANNES DuodeVicesimus	Giovanni Fasano; Phasianus	Rapagnano, Papal States
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years+)		Sergius IV Papa SERGIUS Quartus	Piètro Boccapècora	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years+)		Benedict VIII Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus	Theophylactus II, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
144	April/May 1024 – 20 October 1032 (8 years+)		John XIX Papa IOANNES UndeVicesimus	Romanus, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
145	1032–1044		Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	1st Term
146	1045		Sylvester III Papa SILVESTER Tertius	John, Bishop of Sabina	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147	1045–1046	File:BenedictusIX.jpg	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri
148	April/May 1045 – 20 December 1046 (1 year+)		Gregory VI Papa GREGORIUS Sextus,	Johannes Gratianus	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Deposed at the Council of Sutri
149	24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (289 days)		Clement II Papa CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger	Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
150	November 1047 – 1048	File:BenedictusIX.jpg	Benedict IX Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated
151	17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (23 days)		Damasus II Papa DAMASUS Secundus	Poppo	Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years+)		St Leo IX Papa LEO Nonus	Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg	Eguisheim, Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years+)		Victor II Papa VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg	Kingdom of Germany, Holy Roman Empire
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (241 days)		Stephen IX (Stephen X), O.S.B. Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)	Frédéric de Lorraine	Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (2 years+)		Nicholas II Papa NICOLAUS Secundus	Gérard de Bourgogne	Château de Chevron, Kingdom of Arles
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years+)		Alexander II Papa ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Bàggio	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years+)		St Gregory VII, O.S.B. Papa GREGORIUS Septimus	Hildebrand	Sovana, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
158	24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (1 year+)		Bd. Victor III, O.S.B. Papa VICTOR Tertius	Desidèrio; Desiderius; Dauferius	Benevènto, Duchy of Benevènto	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (11 years+)		Bd. Urban II, O.S.B. Papa URBANUS Secundus	Odo of Lagery	Lagery, County of Champagne, France	Started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (18 years+)		Paschal II, O.S.B. Papa PASCHALIS Secundus	Raniero	Bleda, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

12th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
161	24 January 1118 – 28 January 1119 (1 year, 4 days)		Gelasius II, O.S.B. Papa GELASIUS Secundus	Giovanni Coniulo	Gaeta, Principality of Capua	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
162	2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (5 years, 315 days)		Callixtus II Papa CALLISTUS Secundus	Guido, Comte de Bourgogne	Quingey, County of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empire	Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
163	15 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (5 years, 60 days)		Honorius II, Can.Reg. Papa HONORIUS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi	Fiagnano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Marìa di San Reno
164	14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (13 years, 222 days)		Innocent II, Can.Reg. Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days)		Celestine II Papa COELESTINUS Secundus	Guido	Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
166	12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (340 days)		Lucius II, Can.Reg. Papa LUCIUS Secundus	Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso	Bologna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (8 years, 143 days)		Bd. Eugene III, O.Cist. Papa EUGENIUS Tertius	Bernardo da Pisa	Pisa, Republic of Pisa, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168	8 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (1 year, 148 days)		Anastasius IV Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus	Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
169	4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (4 years, 271 days)		Adrian IV, Can.Reg. Papa HADRIANUS Quartus	Nicholas Breakspear	Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England	First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery .
170	7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (21 years, 357 days)		Alexander III Papa ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando	Siena, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179
171	1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (4 years, 85 days)		Lucius III Papa LUCIUS Tertius	Ubaldo	Lucca, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
172	25 November 1185 – 19 October 1187 (1 year, 328 days)		Urban III Papa URBANUS Tertius	Uberto Crivèlli	Cuggiono, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
173	21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (57 days)		Gregory VIII, Can.Reg. Papa GREGORIUS Octavus	Alberto di Morra	Benevènto, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191 (3 years, 91 days)		Clement III Papa CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
175	21 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (6 years, 293 days)		Celestine III Papa COELESTINUS Tertius	Giacinto Bobone	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (18 years, 190 days)		Innocent III Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius	Lothario dei Conti di Segni	Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade. Initiated the medieval Inquisition in Spain and Portugal.

13th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (10 years, 243 days)		Honorius III Papa HONORIUS Tertius	Cencio	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Initiated the Fifth Crusade.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (14 years, 156 days)		Gregory IX Papa GREGORIUS Nonus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary, 1235. Initiated the Inquisition in France.
179	25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (16 days)		Celestine IV Papa COELESTINUS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (11 years, 165 days)		Innocent IV Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the First Council of Lyons, 1245
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (6 years, 164 days)		Alexander IV Papa ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne	Jenne, Papal States
182	29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (3 years, 34 days)		Urban IV Papa URBANUS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	Troyes, County of Champagne, France
183	5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (3 years, 298 days)		Clement IV Papa CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Faucoi	Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France
N/A	29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271		Interregnum			Almost 3 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (4 years, 131 days)		Bd. Gregory X Papa GREGORIUS Decimus	Tebaldo Visconti	Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire	Convened the Second Council of Lyons, 1274.
185	21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276 (153 days)		Bd. Innocent V, O.P. Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise	County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Dominican Order.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276 (38 days)		Adrian V Papa HADRIANUS Quintus	Ottobuòno Fieschi	Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (254 days)		John XXI Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)	Lisbon, Portugal	Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a Pope John XX, because the 20th pope of this name, formerly Petrus Hispanus, when elected Pope in 1276, decided to skip the number XX and to be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX
188	25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (2 years, 271 days)		Nicholas III Papa NICOLAUS Tertius	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (4 years, 34 days)		Martin IV Papa MARTINUS Quartus	Simon de Brion	Meinpicien, Touraine, France
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (2 years, 1 day)		Honorius IV Papa HONORIUS Quartus	Giacomo Savelli	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (4 years, 42 days)		Nicholas IV, O.F.M. Papa NICOLAUS Quartus	Girolamo Masci	Lisciano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	Member of the Franciscan Order.
N/A	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294		Interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (161 days)		St Celestine V, O.S.B. Papa COELESTINUS Quintus	Piètro da Morrone	Sant' Àngelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily	One of the few popes who resigned. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (8 years, 291 days)		Boniface VIII Papa BONIFACIUS Octavus	Benedetto Caetani	Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire

14th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
194	22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (259 days)		Bd. Benedict XI, O.P. Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini	Treviso	Member of the Dominican Order.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (8 years, 319 days)		Clement V Papa CLEMENS Quintus	Bertrand de Got	Villandraut, Gascony, France	Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne, 1311–1312. Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
N/A	20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316		Interregnum			2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (18 years, 119 days)		John XXII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse	Cahors, Quercy, France	Pope at Avignon
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7 years, 126 days)		Benedict XII, O.Cist. Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier	Saverdun, County of Foix, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians.
198	7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (10 years, 213 days)		Clement VI, O.S.B. Papa CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon
199	18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (9 years, 268 days)		Innocent VI Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	Les Monts, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon
200	28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (8 years, 82 days)		Bd. Urban V, O.S.B. Papa URBANUS Quintus	Guillaume (de) Grimoard	Grizac, Languedoc, France	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7 years, 87 days)		Gregory XI Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	Maumont, Limousin, France	Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome; last French Pope
202	8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (11 years, 190 days)		Urban VI Papa URBANUS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism
203	2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (14 years, 334 days)		Boniface IX Papa BONIFACIUS Nonus	Piètro Tomacelli	Naples, Kingdom of Naples	Western Schism

15th century

• ^R This pope resigned his office.
• ^B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (2 years, 20 days)		Innocent VII Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67 [B]	Western Schism
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (8 years, 216 days)		Gregory XII Papa GREGORIUS Duodecimus	Àngelo Correr	Venice, Republic of Venice	60 / 69 [R][B]	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII.
N/A	4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417		Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (13 years, 101 days)		Martin V Papa MARTINUS Quintus	Oddone Colonna	Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62 [B]	Convened the Council of Basel, 1431
207	3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (15 years, 357 days)		Eugene IV, O.S.A. Papa EUGENIUS Quartus	Gabriele Condulmer	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 63 [B]	Member of the Augustinian Order. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (8 years, 18 days)		Nicholas V Papa NICOLAUS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli	Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Held Jubilee of 1450; crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome in 1452.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (3 years, 120 days)		Callixtus III Papa CALLISTUS Tertius	Alfonso de Borgia	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	First Spanish pope
210	19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (5 years, 362 days)		Pius II Papa PIUS Secundus	Enea Sìlvio Piccolomini	Corsignano, Republic of Siena	52 / 58	Interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza (near Siena) as the ideal city (1462).
211	30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (6 years, 330 days)		Paul II Papa PAULUS Secundus	Piètro Barbo	Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	Nephew of Eugene IV
212	9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (13 years, 3 days)		Sixtus IV, O.F.M. Papa XYSTUS Quartus	Francesco della Rovere	Cèlle Lìgure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted (Jewish) Christians in Spain, at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.
213	29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7 years, 331 days)		Innocent VIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Republic of Genoa	51 / 59 [B]	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada
214	11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (11 years, 7 days)		Alexander VI Papa ALEXANDER Sextus	Rodrigo de Lanzòl-Borgia	Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Nephew of Callixtus III. Father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in 1493 by the Bull Inter caetera.

16th–20th centuries

16th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (26 days)		Pius III Papa PIUS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Nephew of Pius II
216	31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (9 years, 113 days)		Julius II Papa IULIUS Secundus	Giuliano della Rovere	Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Nephew of Sixtus IV; Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran, 1512. Took effective control of the whole territory of the Papal States for the first time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Proposed plans for rebuilding of St Peter's Basilica
217	9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (8 years, 267 days)		Leo X Papa LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Excommunicated Martin Luther. Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.
218	9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (1 year, 248 days)		Adrian VI Papa HADRIANUS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (presently The Netherlands)	62 / 64	The only Dutch pope but also known as a German Pope. Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. The tutor of Emperor Charles V
219	26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (10 years, 303 days)		Clement VII Papa CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops ("Sacco di Roma"), 1527. He forbade the divorce of Henry VIII and crowned Charles V Emperor at Bologna in 1530. His niece Catherine de' Medici was married to the future Henry II of France.
220	13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days)		Paul III Papa PAULUS Tertius	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Opened the Council of Trent in 1545. His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma.
221	7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (5 years, 50 days)		Julius III Papa IULIUS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Papal States	62 / 67
222	9 April 1555 – 30 April or 1 May 1555 (0 years, 21/22 days)		Marcellus II Papa MARCELLUS Secundus	Marcello Cervini	Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	Last to use birth name as regnal name
223	23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (4 years, 87 days)		Paul IV, C.R. Papa PAULUS Quartus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa	Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83
224	26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (5 years, 348 days)		Pius IV Papa PIUS Quartus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Reopened the Council of Trent, 1562, it concluded its proceedings in 1563
225	7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (6 years, 115 days)		St Pius V, O.P. Papa PIUS Quintus	Michele Ghislieri	Bosco, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I of England, 1570. Victory of Lepanto 1571
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (12 years, 332 days)		Gregory XIII Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Papal States	70 / 83	Reform of the calendar 1582
227	24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (5 years, 125 days)		Sixtus V, O.F.M. Conv. Papa XYSTUS Quintus	Felice Peretti	Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order.
228	15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (12 days)		Urban VII Papa URBANUS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Papal States	69 / 69	Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation.
229	5 December 1590 – 15/16 October 1591 (0 years, 314/315 days)		Gregory XIV Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56
230	29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (62 days)		Innocent IX Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Papal States	72 / 72
231	30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (13 years, 32 days)		Clement VIII Papa CLEMENS Octavus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69	Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.

17th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (26 days)		Leo XI Papa LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Duchy of Florence	69 / 69	Nephew of Leo X.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (15 years, 257 days)		Paul V Papa PAULUS Quintus	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Papal States	52 / 68	Known for building projects, including the facade of St Peter's Basilica.
234	9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (2 years, 149 days)		Gregory XV Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Papal States	67 / 69	Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, 1622.
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (20 years, 358 days)		Urban VIII Papa URBANUS Octavus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Trial against Galileo Galilei
236	15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (10 years, 114 days)		Innocent X Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Papal States	70 / 80	Great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (12 years, 45 days)		Alexander VII Papa ALEXANDER Septimus	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68	Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (2 years, 172 days)		Clement IX Papa CLEMENS Nonus	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69	Commissioned the colonnade of St. Peter's Square.
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (6 years, 84 days)		Clement X Papa CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio Altieri	Rome, Papal States	79 / 86	Canonized the first American saint, Saint Rose of Lima, 1671.
240	21 September 1676 – 11/12 August 1689 (12 years, 324/325 days)		Bd. Innocent XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78	Suspected to have secretly funded William III of Orange's Glorious Revolution to overthrow the Catholic James II of England.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (1 year, 118 days)		Alexander VIII Papa ALEXANDER Octavus	Piètro Vito Ottoboni	Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80
242	12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (9 years, 77 days)		Innocent XII Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus	Antonio Pignatelli	Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Issued Romanum decet Pontificem, 1692.

18th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (20 years, 116 days)		Clement XI Papa CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	Chinese Rites controversy
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (2 years, 304 days)		Innocent XIII Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus	Michelàngelo de’ Conti	Poli, Làzio, Papal States	65 / 68
245	29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (5 years, 268 days)		Benedict XIII, O.P. Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus	Pierfrancesco Orsini	Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Member of the Dominican Order. Third and last member of the Orsini family to be Pope.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (9 years, 209 days)		Clement XII Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus	Lorenzo Corsini	Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, 1735. Commissioned the Trevi Fountain, 1732.
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (17 years, 259 days)		Benedict XIV Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus	Pròspero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83
248	6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (10 years, 211 days)		Clement XIII Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre Rezzonico	Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Provided the famous fig leaves on male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in Apostolicum pascendi, 1765.
249	19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (5 years, 126 days)		Clement XIV, O.F.M. Conv. Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli	Sant' Arcàngelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Jesuit Order.
250	15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (24 years, 195 days)		Pius VI Papa PIUS Sextus	Count Giovanni Àngelo Braschi	Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Condemned the French Revolution and was expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death.
N/A	29 August 1799 –14 March 1800		Interregnum				six month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the Conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

19th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
251	14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (23 years, 159 days)		Pius VII, O.S.B. Papa PIUS Septimus	Count Barnaba Niccolò Marìa Luigi Chiaramonti	Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Temporarily expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.
252	28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (5 years, 135 days)		Leo XII Papa LEO Duodecimus	Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga	Genga or Spoleto, Papal States	63 / 68	Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia, 1824.
253	31 March 1829 – 1 December 1830 (1 year, 245 days)		Pius VIII Papa PIUS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69	Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French.
254	2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (15 years, 119 days)		Gregory XVI, O.S.B. Cam. Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari	Belluno, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Member of the Camaldolese Order. The last non-bishop to be elected
255	16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (31 years, 236 days)		Bd. Pius IX, O.F.S. Papa PIUS Nonus	Count Giovanni Marìa Mastai-Ferretti	Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Opened First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Longest serving pope in history (see note on St Peter.)
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (25 years, 150 days)		Leo XIII, O.F.S. Papa LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	Carpineto Romano, Rome département, French Empire (now Italy)	67 / 93	Issued the encyclical on social teaching, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian democracy as against communism; the fourth-longest reigning pope after Pius IX, St Peter and John Paul II.

20th century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (11 years, 16 days)		St Pius X Papa PIUS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	Riese, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	68 / 79	Encouraged and expanded reception of Holy Communion, and combatted Modernistic theology. Most recent pope to be canonized.
258	3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (7 years, 141 days)		Benedict XV Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chièsa	Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia	59 / 67	Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Remembered by Pope Benedict XVI as "prophet of peace".
259	6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (17 years, 4 days)		Pius XI Papa PIUS Undecimus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti	Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire	64 / 81	Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, establishing the Vatican City as a sovereign state.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (19 years, 221 days)	File:PiusXII12.jpg	Ven. Pius XII Papa PIUS Duodecimus	Eugenio Marìa Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	Rome	63 / 82	Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus.
261	28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (4 years, 218 days)	File:JohnXXIII.jpg	Bd. John XXIII Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Àngelo Giuseppe Roncalli	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo	76 / 81	Opened Second Vatican Council; sometimes called "Good Pope John".
262	21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (15 years, 46 days)		Ven. Paul VI Papa PAULUS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Marìa Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	The last pope to be crowned with the Papal Tiara. First pope to travel to the United States. Concluded Second Vatican Council.
263	26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (33 days)		Servant of God John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale, Veneto, Italy	65 / 65	First pope to use 'the First' in regnal name. First pope with two names, for his two immediate predecessors.
264	16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (26 years, 168 days)		Bd. John Paul II Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, Poland	58 / 84	First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Canonized more saints than all predecessors. Traveled extensively. Third longest known reign after Pius IX and St Peter. Recently beatified by Pope Benedict XVI.

21st century

Numerical order	Pontificate	Portrait	Name English · Regnal	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at start/end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 (19 years, 85 days)		Benedict XVI Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus Decimus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / 85	Oldest to become pope since Pope Clement XII in 1730. Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position. First pope to willingly renounce the Papacy since Pope Celestine V in 1294.

Religious orders

34 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:

• Benedictines (17):-
  • Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Gelasius II, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
• and including Camaldolese (1):-
  • Gregory XVI
• Augustinians (6):-
  • Eugene IV
• and including Canons Regular (5):-
  • Honorius II, Innocent II, Lucius II, Gregory VIII, Adrian IV
• Dominicans (4):-
  • Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
• Franciscans (4):-
  • Nicholas IV, Sixtus IV
• and including Conventual Franciscans (2):-
  • Sixtus V, Clement XIV
• Cistercians (2):-
  • Eugene III, Benedict XII

Notes on numbering of popes

A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

• Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because all of them are considered antipopes.
• The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II; however, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.
• There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.
• Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960. The numbering of following popes called Stephen are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
• When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.
• Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name.
• Pope Joan also probably never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.
• The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Florence Baptistery.

See also

• History of the papacy
• Liber Pontificalis
• List of popes sorted alphabetically
• List of murdered popes
• List of popes from the Borgia family
• List of popes from the Medici family
• List of sexually active popes
• Pope John (numbering)
• Prophecy of the Popes

References

General

• The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
• The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
• Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
• Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
• I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
• Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
• Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia
• Giga-Catholic Information
• Popes & Anti-Popes
• Orthodox Church in America, The Lives of Saints (Eastern Christian)