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Pran (actor)

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Pran
Born
Pran Krishan Sikand

(1920-02-12) February 12, 1920 (age 104)
Other namesPran Sahaab
OccupationActor
Years active1940-2007
SpouseShukla Sikand (1945-present)
ChildrenArvind Sikand
Sunil Sikand
Pinky Sikand
Websitehttp://www.pransikand.com

Pran (Template:Lang-hi) (born Pran Krishan Sikand, 12 February 1920) is a multiple Filmfare and BFJA award-winning Indian actor, known as a movie villain and character actor in Hindi cinema from the 1940s to the 1990s.[2] He acted as the hero from 1940-47 and as a villain from 1942-1991 and as a supporting actor from 1948-2007. In a long and prolific career he appeared in 361 films. He was awarded as the 'Villain of the Millennium' by Stardust in 2000.[3][4]

In 2010, he was named on the list of CNN's Top 25 Asian actors of all time.[5][6]

Pran played the leading man in films like Khandaan (1942), Pilpili Saheb (1954), Halaku (1956), Aurat, Dharma (1973), Jangal Mein Mangal (1972), Gaddar (1973), Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara (1973), Rahu Ketu (1978). His pivotal roles in the films such as Bari Behen (1949), Bahar (1951), Jashan (1955), Azaad (1955), Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960), Half Ticket (1962), Manoj Kumar's Upkar (1967) and Purab Aur Paschim, Aurat (1967), Ansoo Ban Gaye Phool, Kab? Kyoon? Aur Kahan?, Johny Mera Naam (1970), Victoria No. 203 (1972), Zanjeer (1973), Majboor, Chori Mera Kaam (1975), Hatyara (1977), Chor Ke Ghar Chor (1978), Don (1978), Maan Gaye Ustaad, Ladies Tailor (1981) and Duniya (1984) are considered to be among his best performances.

Pran has received numerous awards and honours in his career. He won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award in 1967, 1969 and 1972 and was awarded the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. In 2001, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, for his contribution to Indian cinema. In April 2013, he was announced as the winner of the 2012 Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

Personal life and education

Pran was born in Ballimaran, Kotgarh Old Delhi,[1] into a wealthy Punjabi family. His father, Kewal Krishan Sikand, was a civil engineer and a Government civil contractor; his mother was Rameshwari and the couple had four sons and three daughters.[7]

He was academically gifted, especially in mathematics. Since his father had a transferable job, he studied in various places, including Dehradun, Kapurthala, Meerut and Unnao (Uttar Pradesh), finally completing his matriculation from Raza High School, in Rampur. Thereafter, he joined A. Das & Co., Delhi as an apprentice as he wanted to become a professional photographer. This job took him first to Simla, where he played Sita to Madan Puri's Ram in the local staging of "Ramlila".[8]

Pran married Shukla Ahluwalia in 1945 and has two sons, Arvind and Sunil and a daughter, Pinky.[9]

Career (1940−2007)

Early career (1940−1966)

A chance meeting with the writer, Wali Mohammad Wali, who worked for Dalsukh M. Pancholi, at a shop in Hira Mandi, Lahore, led to Pran winning his first role as a hero in Pancholi's Punjabi film Yamla Jat (1940)opposite Ranjhana.[10] Directed by Moti B. Gidwan, the film featured Noor Jehan and Durga Khote. This was followed by small roles in the film Chaudhary and Khajanchi, both of 1941. Pancholi cast him again in Khandaan (1942), which was the first Hindi film in which Pran became a romantic hero, opposite Noor Jehan, who had earlier acted with him in Yamla Jat as a child artist.[11][12][13] Noor Jehan, the female lead of Khandaan, was less than 15 years of age and to compensate for the difference in their heights in close-up shots in the film, she was made to stand atop bricks.[14] In the pre-partition era, director Gidwani casted Pran in more films like Kaise Kahoon (1945) and Khamosh Nigahen (1946).

Pran had acted in 22 films from 1942-46 in Lahore and of them 18 got released by 1947 when his career experienced a brief pause due to the partition in 1947. The films he did from 1944-47 were all made in undivided India. His films But Taraash (1951) and Khanabadosh (1952), both co-starrring Manorama, for which he shot in early 1947, were released only in Pakistan after Partition. He left Lahore and arrived in Bombay. Though films didn't come his way for months together, he kept looking for opportunities of acting alongwith other jobs. He started working in Delmar Hotel, Marine Drive and eight months later, in 1948, he got a chance to start all over again. With the help of writer Saadat Hasan Manto and actor Shyam, he got a role in the Bombay Talkies' film, Ziddi which had Dev Anand and Kamini Kaushal as leads and was directed by Shaheed Latif. This launched his career in Bombay. The film also proved to be Dev Anand's big break as a hero, and there was no turning back for Pran thereafter.[7][15] By 1950 he got established gradually as a premier villain in Hindi cinema. Within a week of Ziddi's success, he signed three more films; S M Yusuf's Grihasti (1948), which became a diamond jubilee hit, Prabhat Films's Apradhi (1949) and Wali Mohammad's Putli (1949). Mohammad who had first lured him into movies in 1940 had by then also moved to Bombay and had turned into a producer setting up an office at Famous Studios, near Mahalaxmi Racecourse.[16][17] Romantic duets picturized on him; like the song "Tere Naaz Uthane Ko Jee Chahta Hai" from Grihasti opposite Shardha and from Khandaan (1942) with Noor Jehan, became popular in 1940s. The way he expressed his dialogues in films like Sheesh Mahal (1950), a series of disguises he made in Adalat (1958) and the rapport he shared with vamps like Kuldip Kaur in Jashan (1955) showcasd his versatility in 1950s.

As a villain, post independence,his first successful movie was Ziddi and Badi Behan(1949). Pran was regularly offered the role of the main villain or negative character in the films with Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Raj Kapoor as the lead hero in the 1950s and 60s. From the 1950's directors like M.V.Raman, Nanabhai Bhatt, Kalidas, Ravindra Dave, I.S. Johar, Bimal Roy repeatedly cast Pran in different roles in their many films from 1950-1969.Similarly in sixties Pran was frequent in directorial ventures of directors like A.Bhim Singh, Shakti Samanta, Bhappi Sonie, K. Amarnath,Nasir Hussain. But these same above mentioned directors could not cast Pran in their films after 1970 as they could not afford him.In 1970's new younger directors and producers cast Pran in their films even though Pran's price was highest among supporting actors from 1968-1982.

Pran's performance as the negative character was very much appreciated in Dilip Kumar starrers like Azaad, Madhumati, Devdas, Dil Diya Dard Liya, Ram Aur Shyam and Aadmi and films with Dev Anand as the lead man like Ziddi (1948), Munimji (1955), Amar Deep (1958), Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai (1961) and with Raj Kapoor in Aah, Chori Chori, Jagte Raho, Chhalia, Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai, Dil Hi Toh Hai. Films with him as the lead hero, Pilpili Saheb and then Halaku in 1956, were big hits too. Pran proved his versatality in the 1950s by enacting as the typical swashbuckling pirate in Sindbad the Sailor (1952) and Daughter of Sindbad (1958) and acting in action-packed thrillers like Azad (1955); historicals such as Aan (1952) and Raj Tilak (1958); social themes such as Baradari (1955) and light romances like Munimji (1955) and Asha (1957).[18] Subsequently in the 1960s and early 1970s, even though he was in his forties, being slim and fit, his demand in the film market never went down and he was given pivotal roles as a character within the age range of 25 to 30 in films with Shammi Kapoor, Joy Mukherjee, Rajendra Kumar and Dharmendra as the lead heroes. From early 1950s to early 1970s - Pran's name invoked fear in minds of audience due to his villainous characters.[19] It was from 1964 with Pooja Ke Phool and Kashmir Ki Kali, where Pran started bringing comical side to his negetive characters. Whereas Dilip Kumar and Raj Kapoor's careers as the young hero started to decline from the late 1960s as both of them had put on a lot of weight although they were younger than Pran and even careers of Rajendra Kumar and Shammi Kapoor as lead hero too ended by 1973. But Pran's association with Dev Anand which had begun in 1948 continued even during the 1970s and the 1980s with Johny Mera Naam, Yeh Gulistan Hamara, Joshila, Warrant and Des Pardes.

Pran always had a significant role in comedy films starring Kishore Kumar and Mehmood Ali in the lead roles. Pran's memorable collaborations with Mehmood include Sadhu Aur Shaitaan, Lakhon Me Ek and the 9 memorable films of Kishore Kumar and Pran together are Chham Chhama Chham (1952), Pehli Jhalak, Naya Andaz, Aasha, Bewaqoof, Ek Raaz, Jaal Saz, Half Ticket and Man-Mauji.

Later career (1967−2007)

In the late 1960s, with the character of Malang Chacha in Manoj Kumar's Upkar in 1967, he turned towards positive roles, wherein the popular Kalyanji Anandji song, "Kasme Waade Pyaar Wafaa" was picturised on him. In this movie Kamini Kaushal also moved to character roles. Manoj Kumar continued to cast Pran in pivotal roles in his films where Manoj played leading roles like Shaheed, Purab Aur Paschim, Be-Imaan, Sanyasi, Dus Numbri and Patthar Ke Sanam. In the mid 1960s, he also acted in several Bengali films, beginning with Ashim Banerjee’s Sonai Dighe, where Joy Mukherjee was the hero.[20]

Many roles with him playing the supporting role to the hero were released and this way he reinvented himself as a character actor from being earlier the main villain. Pran from 1967 until 1997 became a well-known character actor in Hindi films and the most famous are the roles in Humjoli, Parichay, Aankhon Aankhon Mein, Jheel Ke Us Paar, Zinda Dil, Zehreela Insaan, Hatyara, Chor Ho To Aisa, Dhan Daulat, Jaanwar (1983), Raaj Tilak, Bewafai, Imaandaar, Sanam Bewafa, 1942: A Love Story, Tere Mere Sapne, Lav Kush. He did 9 films with Shashi Kapoor as the lead actor and 7 were big hits - Biradari, Chori Mera Kaam, Phaansi, Shankar Dada, Chakkar Pe Chakkar, Rahu Ketu, Maan Gaye Ustaad and two flops which included Apna Khoon and Do Musafir whereas earlier in 1952, Shashi had worked as a child artist in another hit film Sanskar with Pran.

After 1969, Pran was offered the role of a leading man in films like Nanha Farishta(1969), Dharma(1973), Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara, Jangal Mein Mangal, Rahu Ketu. Since the 1950s through the late 1980s, Pran was often cast with Ashok Kumar beginning with Afsana in 1951, to play either the role of friends, around whom the story revolved, in films like Adhikar, Victoria No. 203, Chori Mera Kaam, Chor Ke Ghar Chor, Apna Khoon, Aap Ke Deewane, Maan Gaye Ustaad and Raja Aur Rana or as characters at logger heads in films like Inspector (1956), Lakeeren(1954), Mr. X (1957), Daaka (1959), Pooja Ke Phool, Purab Aur Paschim, Naya Zamana and Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool.Pran and Ashok Kumar were very close friends in professional and real life and have acted in 27 films together from 1951-1987. Songs sung by Kishore Kumar and picturised on Pran in the 1970s like "Hum Bolega To Bologe Ke from Kasauti", "Micheal Daru Pita Hai" from Majboor and "Meri Nazar Se Bachana Koi" from Chori Mera Kaam were huge hits and continue to be popular. The title song of Maan Gaye Ustaad, "Mera Ek Sawaal Hai" sung by Rafi and "Do Bichare Bina Sahare" sung by Mahendra Kapoor for Pran are also popular.

Pran was at the peak of his career in the 1969-1982, when he was paid more than his co-stars who played lead hero of the films like Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Shatrughan Sinha, Navin Nishchol, Randhir Kapoor and Rishi Kapoor. Among supporting actors Pran remained highest paid in Hindi cinema from 1969-1982. The lead hero to be paid much higher than Pran was only Rajesh Khanna in the 1970s and 80s[21] and as budget would over-shoot they were not brought together from 1966-1982 in a solo lead hero films of Rajesh Khanna. Pran played the leading man in the film Aurat (1967) paired opposite Padmini and Rajesh Khanna was a supporting actor in this film. In the 1971, two hero film Maryada starring Khanna and Raajkumar, Pran played the villain’s role. Pran and Rajesh expressed their desire to work together in many occasions in 1970s and early 1980s but producers were reluctant to cast them together in a solo lead hero film with Khanna in lead role due to budget constraints from 1972-1982 as Khanna was highest paid Indian actor from 1970-1987 and Pran was paid amount varying between 5-20 lakhs in 1970-1982 period depending on his length of his role in the film. It was in film Jaanwar where they worked together again. Pran and Rajesh worked in 6 hit films – Aurat (1967 film), Maryada (film), Jaanwar (1983 film), Souten, Bewafai and Durgaa whereas Bayen Haath Ka Khel never got released and the their much delayed film Goraa became their only flop. In the 50s and 60s it was Ashok Kumar and the trio of Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Raj Kapoor and later Rajendra Kumar who were paid more than Pran. Shashi Kapoor, Dharmendra, Raajkumar were paid at same rate as Pran in the films they co-starred together from 1966-1982. It was only from 1980 where Pran started accepting roles which demanded lesser action from him and started playing full-fledged supporting character roles and thereby his pay package per film did not raise beyond 20 lakhs. He recommended newcomer Amitabh Bachchan to Prakash Mehra for the character of Vijay in Zanjeer, which was earlier offered to Dev Anand and Dharmendra but was rejected by them. Pran acted with Amitabh in 14 films. Pran was paid much more than Amitabh Bachchan in the films - Majboor, Zanjeer, Kasauti, Don and in Ganga Ki Saugandh. The other 9 films with Amitabh like Amar Akbar Anthony, Nastik, Dostana, Naseeb, Kaalia, Sharaabi had Pran as supporting actor with shorter screen space or in guest appearance and moreover Pran moved into roles demanding lesser physical exertion from 1980 and so Pran was paid lesser in these seven.[22] Ashok Kumar and Pran remain the only male actors in Hindi cinema to have tasted many box office success throughout their active career without any dip or low phase in their long career. Ashok Kumar had box-office success from 1930s until 1990s and Pran was part of hits in every decade from 1940s until 1997 (Yamla Jat in 1940 to Lav Kush in 1997).

Pran had started accepting more versatile 'other-than villain' roles since the late 1960s; he occasionally accepted the role of a bad man in the 70s, 80s and 90s. Pran played villains in only 16 Hindi films from 1971 like Maryada (film), Naya Zamana, Jawan Muhabat, Aan Baan, Roop Tera Mastana, Yeh Gulistan Hamara, Gaddar, Rahu Ketu, Andha Kanoon (1983), Duniya (1984), Insaaf Kaun Karega, Durgaa, Bewafai, Hoshiyar, Dharm Adhikari and Azaad Desh Ke Ghulam. Pran played villains in the Telugu films Tandra Paparayudu (1986) and Kodama Simham (1990) with Cheeranjivi and in the Kannada film Hosa Raaga in 1991. Director Prakash Mehra cast Pran in 9 of his directorial ventures in his career - Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara, Zanjeer, Aan Baan, Khalifa, Jwalamukhi, Sharaabi, Muqaddar Ka Faisla, Mohabbat Ke Dushman, Jaadugar. Pran was a hot favourite with Manmohan Desai, having directed Pran in 5 directorial ventures like Chhalia, Bluff Master, Dharam Veer, Naseeb, Amar Akbar Anthony. Subhash Ghai cast him in Vishwanath, Karz and Krodhi.

In the late 1990s, Pran started rejecting film offers citing age-related problems. But in the 1990s when Amitabh was going through a bad patch in his career, he requested Pran to do roles in his home productions Mrityudata and Tere Mere Sapne and Pran made an exception by acting in them. Pran's legs had begun to shiver in 1997 so his character in Mrityudaata was modified accordingly to justify his legs shivering and in Tere Mere Sapne, his shots were taken with him being seated. Post 2000, he made few guest appearances.[23] In 2012, he gave his hand print for ‘Legend’s Walk’, a waterfront promenade which has the hand impressions of the legends from Hindi film industry.[24]

The legendary "Villain of the Millennium" has had a marathon six-decade career in Hindi cinema and is one of the most celebrated actors of the industry. So effective was his acting that it was said that people stopped naming their children 'Pran' because of his negative roles, while the industry had started calling him 'Pran Sahab'.[25] His favourite line "Barkhurdaar" became immensely popular.

His biography, ...and Pran was so named because, in at least 250 of the 350 movies that he acted in, his was the last name in the cast portion of the credits, with the words "...and Pran" and sometime "..above all Pran".[26]

He is announced to be the winner of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the most prestigious award of the Indian cinema, presented by the Government of India. The award will be conferred on him at the 60th National Film Awards ceremony for his lifetime of work in the film industry.[27]

Awards and honours

Filmfare Awards

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

Other awards and recognitions

  • 1972-73 - Chitrlok Cine Circle Ahmedabad: "Best Character Artiste Award".[28]
  • 1975-76 - Bombay Film Award: Most Versatile Actor.[28]
  • 1977-78 - Bombay Film Award: Most Versatile Actor.[28]
  • 1978 - North Bombay Jaycees: Best Character Actor.[28]
  • 1984 - "Extra Ordinary Special Award as Wizard of Acting" by Bombay Film Award.[28]
  • 1984 - Filmgoers Award: Reigning "Abhinay Samrat".[28]
  • 1985 - Kala Bhushan Award presented by Punjabi Kala Sangam.[28]
  • 1987 - North Bombay Jaycees: Outstanding Performance of Decade.[28]
  • "Viyayshree Award" presented for enriching Human Life and Outstanding Attainments India Int. Friendship Society).[28]
  • "Ars Gratia Artis" for excellence in emotive Art.[28]
  • 1990 - Kala Rattan Award presented by Punjabi Kal Sangam for 50 glorious Years.[28]
  • 1990 - Punjab Association: an Award for 50 years in the Industry.[28]
  • 1990 - Southall Lion's Club London: "In recognition of Invaluable Services to Charity at the Celebration of Golden Jubilee of his services tot Film Industry.[28]
  • 1991 - Cinegoers Award: "Abhinay Samrat Golden Jubilee Award".[28]
  • 1992 - Outstanding contribution to Indian Film Industry, Indian Motion Pictures Producers' Association.[28]
  • 2000 - Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award[28]
  • 2000 - Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement [16][28]
  • 2000 - "Villain of the Millennium" by Stardust Award.[12][28]
  • 2001 - Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award from the Government of India.[33][28]
  • 2004 - Lifetime Achievement Award instituted by the Maharashtra Government.[12]
  • 2010 - Phalke Icon and Legendary Cine Versatile Cine Star Award by Dadasaheb Phalke Academy. [1] [2]
  • 2013 - Dadasaheb Phalke Award for life time achievement. [34]

Selected filmography

1940s
3
1950s
3
1960s
3
1970s
3
1980s
3
1990s
3

Source: Offical website. See also articles on individual films.

References

  1. ^ a b "Pran as a person (Official biography)". Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  2. ^ Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema, by Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd, Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee. Published by Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2003. ISBN 81-7991-066-0.
  3. ^ http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/pran-bollywood-s-black-gold-is-93-14210/slide/13
  4. ^ http://www.missmalini.com/2012/09/13/top-10-villains-of-bollywood/
  5. ^ "Big B in CNN's top 25 Asian actors list". New York: Hindustan Times. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "Asia's Best Actors". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ a b Pran Bollywood: yesterday - today - tomorrow, by Ramesh Dawar. Published by Star Publications, 2006. ISBN 190586301. Page 89.
  8. ^ "Padma Bhushan Pran - Fine actor, finer man". The Hindu. 28 January 2001. Retrieved 14 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ "PRAN - About". Retrieved 2013-04-12.
  10. ^ http://www.indiantelevision.com/aac/y2k13/aac193.php
  11. ^ "Pran chosen for Raj Kapoor award". The Times of India. 15 July 2004. Retrieved 14 Dec 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b c A lifetime of villainy Prerana Trehan, The Tribune, 25 July 2004.
  13. ^ "Villains". bollywoodprofilesite.com.
  14. ^ http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20090212/1175360.html
  15. ^ "My Best Year - PRAN:1948". India Today. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ a b ..In March 2000, he was honoured with the Zee Lifetime Achievement Award Rediff, 5 April 2000.
  17. ^ Bollywood: a history, by Mihir Bose, page 161, published by Lotus Collection, Roli Books, 2007. ISBN 81-7436-508-7.
  18. ^ Name *. "Pran Krishan Sikand-Bollywood Legend". Calcutta Tube. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  19. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/talking-talkies/article4098313.ece
  20. ^ SURESH KOHLI, February 12, 2012 : (2012-02-12). "Ninety-plus and counting". Deccanherald.com. Retrieved 2012-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/And-Pran/Article1-963262.aspx
  22. ^ "Pran - portal for astrology, Numerology, Festivals ,Astrological analysis and guide". Solutionastrology.com. 1920-02-12. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  23. ^ SURESH KOHLI, February 12, 2012 : (2012-02-12). "Ninety-plus and counting". Deccanherald.com. Retrieved 2012-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ "Pran in Riteish Deshmukh's 'Legend`s Walk'". Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  25. ^ Pran is eighty - His is the kind of life (pran) life will always be proud of. Screen.
  26. ^ Reel evil The Tribune, 24 October 2004." Bimal Roy presents, Madhumati, starring Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Johny Walker, Tiwari ... and Pran."
  27. ^ Das, Mala (April 12, 2013). "Actor Pran to receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award". NDTV. Retrieved April 12, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "PRAN - Awards". Retrieved 2013-04-12.
  29. ^ Super Admin (2006-02-27). "Things that u dont know about Filmfare Awards". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  30. ^ 1962:25th Annual BFJA Awards - Awards For The Year 1961 BFJA Awards website.
  31. ^ 1967:30th Annual BFJA Awards - Awards For The Year 1966 BFJA Awards website.
  32. ^ 1974: 37th Annual BFJA Awards - Awards For The Year 1973 BFJA Awards website.
  33. ^ Lata, Bismillah Khan get Bharat Ratnas Rediff.com, 25 January 2001. "The Padma Bhushan...veteran actor Pran,".
  34. ^ "Actor Pran to receive this year's Dadasaheb Phalke Award". Times of India. Retrieved 2013-04-12.

Further reading

  • ...and PRAN, a Biography, by Bunny Ruben. HarperCollins, India, 2004. ISBN 81-7223-466-X.
  • The Life of A Villain-Pran by Chobay Gill (2005), HarperCollins New Delhi, 446 pages. ISBN 81-7223-466-X

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