List of demonyms for US states and territories: Difference between revisions
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|{{flag|District of Columbia}}† || || Washingtonian |
|{{flag|District of Columbia}}† || || Washingtonian |
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| {{flag|Florida}} || Floridian || Alligator,<ref name="netstatefl">{{cite web|work=Netstate|title=The State of Florida|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm}}</ref> [[Florida cracker|Cracker]],<ref>{{cite web|title='Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/cracker-means-something-entirely-different-in-florida-a-source-of-pride/|publisher=Mediaite|accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> Fly-Up-the-Creek<ref name="netstatefl" /> |
| {{flag|Florida}} || Floridian || Alligator,<ref name="netstatefl">{{cite web|work=Netstate|title=The State of Florida|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm}}</ref> [[Florida cracker|Cracker]],<ref>{{cite web|title='Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/cracker-means-something-entirely-different-in-florida-a-source-of-pride/|publisher=Mediaite|accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> Fly-Up-the-Creek<ref name="netstatefl" />, Floride |
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| {{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] || Georgian || Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber<ref name="netstatega">{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm |title=The State of Georgia |publisher=Netstate |accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] || Georgian || Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber<ref name="netstatega">{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm |title=The State of Georgia |publisher=Netstate |accessdate=22 July 2017}}</ref> |
Revision as of 01:17, 29 December 2018
This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states, federal district, and territories of the United States of America.
List
State federal district or territory |
Official (recommended by U.S. GPO)[1] |
Official, unofficial, or informal alternatives |
---|---|---|
Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman[2][3] |
Alaska | Alaskan | |
American Samoa† | American Samoan | |
Arizona | Arizonan | Sand Cutter[4] |
Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansawyer,[5] Arkie[6] |
California | Californian | Californio (archaic) |
Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan (archaic)[7][8] |
Connecticut | Connecticuter | Connecticotian,[9] Connecticutensian,[9] Nutmeg,[9] Nutmegger[9] |
Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken,[10] Muskrat[10] |
District of Columbia† | Washingtonian | |
Florida | Floridian | Alligator,[11] Cracker,[12] Fly-Up-the-Creek[11], Floride |
Georgia | Georgian | Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[13] |
Guam† | Guamanian | |
Hawaii | Hawaiian | Islander,[14] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[15] |
Idaho | Idahoan | Fortune Seekers[16] |
Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[17] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[18] |
Indiana | Hoosier | Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016),[1] Indianian (archaic)[19] |
Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye[20] |
Kansas | Kansan | Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[21] |
Kentucky | Kentuckian | Corncracker[22] |
Louisiana | Louisianian | |
Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster,[23] Mainiac[24] |
Maryland | Marylander | |
Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[25] Massachusettsian,[26] Massachusite,[27][28] Masshole (derogatory[29] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[30]) |
Michigan | Michigander | Michigander,[31] Wolverine,[32][33] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[34] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[34] |
Minnesota | Minnesotan | Gopher |
Mississippi | Mississippian | |
Missouri | Missourian | |
Montana | Montanan | |
Nebraska | Nebraskan | Bugeaters or Cornhuskers [35] |
Nevada | Nevadan | |
New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[36] |
New Jersey | New Jerseyan | Jerseyite, New Jerseyite |
New Mexico | New Mexican | Spanish: Neomexicano, Neomejicano[37] |
New York | New Yorker | Knickerbocker[38][39] |
North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[40] |
North Dakota | North Dakotan | |
Northern Mariana Islands† | Mariana Islander | |
Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye,[41] Ohian (obsolete)[42] |
Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie,[43] Sooner[44] |
Oregon | Oregonian | |
Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Pennamite,[45] Keystoner |
Puerto Rico† | Puerto Rican | Boricua[46] |
Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[47] |
South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sandlapper[48] |
South Dakota | South Dakotan | |
Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[49] |
Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[50] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic) |
Utah | Utahn | Utahan |
Vermont | Vermonter | |
Virginia | Virginian | |
Virgin Islands† | Virgin Islander | |
Washington | Washingtonian | |
West Virginia | West Virginian | |
Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Badger,[51] Cheesehead[52][53] |
Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyomese[54] |
† - Not officially a U.S. state, rather a U.S. territory or district.
See also
- Demonym
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Cuba
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
References
- ^ a b U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual. 2016. §5.23.
- ^ Safire, William (June 26, 1994). "On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama". The New York Times. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
- ^ "The State of Alabama". Netstate.
- ^ "The State of Arizona - An Introduction to the Grand Canyon State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Ar•kie". Dictionary.infoplease.com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Writers Style Guide. Colorado State University. p. 62,. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Quillen, Ed (March 18, 2007). "Coloradan or Coloradoan?". The Denver Post.
- ^ a b c d "The State of Connecticut - An Introduction to the Constitution State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ a b "The State of Delaware - An Introduction to the First State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ a b "The State of Florida". Netstate.
- ^ "'Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'". Mediaite. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ^ "The State of Georgia". Netstate. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ "The State of Hawaii - An Introduction to the Aloha State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Christian, Darrel; Jacobsen, Sally A.; Minthorn, David, eds. (2013). The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 112. ISBN 9780465082995.
- ^ "The State of Idaho". Netstate.
- ^ Jim Fitzgerald (1987-10-06). "A Friend Escapes To Illinois . . . And Now Is A Flatlander!". ChicagoTribune.com.
- ^ "The State of Illinois - An Introduction to the Prairie State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "Indianian". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "The State of Iowa". Netstate.com.
- ^ "The State of Kansas - An Introduction to the Sunflower State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Corncracker - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-88687-995-2.
- ^ "Mainiac". Time. June 20, 1938. (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
- ^ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
- ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/06/magazine/on-language.html
- ^ Collections. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1877. p. 435.
- ^ Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd (ed.). History of New York During the Revolutionary War. New York: New York Historical Society. p. 465.
- ^ Nagy, Naomi; Irwin, Patricia (July 2010). "Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)". Language Variation and Change. 22 (2): 270.
- ^ "'Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary". masslive.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "The State of Michigan - An Introduction to the Great Lakes State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Marckwardt, Albert H. (1952). "Wolverine and Michigander". Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review. LVIII: 203–8.
- ^ Sperber, Hans (February 1954). "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander". American Speech. 29 (1): 21–7. doi:10.2307/453592.
- ^ a b "MDE - Michigan Glossary". Michigan.gov. 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "Football Players to Eat Corn, Not Bugs". History Nebraska. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ "The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from". Netstate.Com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ Neomexicano definition by Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española)
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ New York Knicks, What's a Knickerbocker?
- ^ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel. Tar Heel Magazine, Inc. OCLC 005457348. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "The State of Ohio - An Introduction to the Buckeye State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ohian.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ Stewart, Roy P. (December 20, 1968). "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 9, col. 2.
Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
- ^ "The State of Oklahoma - An Introduction to the Sooner State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "History of". Luzerne County. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". Retrieved 2015-09-02.
- ^ "The Providence Journal | Rhode Island breaking news, sports, politics, business, entertainment, weather and traffic - providencejournal.com - Providence Journal". Projo.com. 2012-07-17. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "The State of Tennessee - An Introduction to the Volunteer State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ^ de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn (eds.). Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
- ^ "Do You Want to Be a Badger?". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
- ^ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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