Sulfoxaflor: Difference between revisions

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'''Sulfoxaflor''' is a systemic [[insecticide]] which acts as an [[insect]] [[neurotoxin]] and is the first member a class of chemicals called the [[sulfoximine]]s which act on the [[central nervous system]] of insects with much lower toxicity to mammals.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.014 | title=Sulfoxaflor and the sulfoximine insecticides: Chemistry, mode of action and basis for efficacy on resistant insects | journal=Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology | date=2013 | volume=107 | issue=1 | pages=1–7 | first=Thomas C. | last=Sparks}}</ref> The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage in the [[Nicotinic|nicotinergic]] neuronal pathway.<ref>{{Cite journal
'''Sulfoxaflor''' is a systemic [[insecticide]] which acts as an [[insect]] [[neurotoxin]] and is a member a class of chemicals called the [[neonicotinoid]]s which act on the [[central nervous system]] of insects with much lower toxicity to mammals.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.014 | title=Sulfoxaflor and the sulfoximine insecticides: Chemistry, mode of action and basis for efficacy on resistant insects | journal=Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology | date=2013 | volume=107 | issue=1 | pages=1–7 | first=Thomas C. | last=Sparks}}</ref> The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage in the [[Nicotinic|nicotinergic]] neuronal pathway.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Cutler | first1 = P.
| last1 = Cutler | first1 = P.
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}}</ref> This blockage leads to the accumulation of [[acetylcholine]], an important [[neurotransmitter]], resulting in the insect's paralysis, and eventually death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action. Because sulfoxaflor binds much more strongly to insect neuron [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]] than to mammal neuron receptors, this [[insecticide]] is selectively more toxic to insects than mammals.<ref>{{cite web|title=sulfoxaflor|url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.17626728.html|work=ChemSpider|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref>
}}</ref> This blockage leads to the accumulation of [[acetylcholine]], an important [[neurotransmitter]], resulting in the insect's paralysis, and eventually death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action. Because sulfoxaflor binds much more strongly to insect neuron [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]] than to mammal neuron receptors, this [[insecticide]] is selectively more toxic to insects than mammals.<ref>{{cite web|title=sulfoxaflor|url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.17626728.html|work=ChemSpider|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref>


On May 6, 2013, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] approved the first two commercial pesticide products that contain sulfoxaflor, marketed under the brand names "Transform" and "Closer", to the Dow Chemical Corporation. This pesticide has been registered to South Korea, Panama, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala and additional global registrations are expected in the near future.
On May 6, 2013, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] illegally approved the first two commercial pesticide products that contain sulfoxaflor, marketed under the brand names "Transform" and "Closer", to the Dow Chemical Corporation. This pesticide has been registered to South Korea, Panama, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala and additional global registrations are expected to be quashed in the near future.


However, on 10 September 2015 the [[U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals]] issued a ruling overturning the EPA's approval of sulfoxaflor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-bees-insecticide-20150910-story.html}}</ref>
However, on 10 September 2015 the [[U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals]] issued a ruling overturning the EPA's approval of sulfoxaflor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-bees-insecticide-20150910-story.html}}</ref>

Revision as of 03:03, 11 September 2015

Sulfoxaflor
Names
IUPAC name
[Methyl(oxo){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-λ6-sulfanylidene]cyanamide
Identifiers
ECHA InfoCard 100.234.961 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/C10H10F3N3OS/c1-7(18(2,17)16-6-14)8-3-4-9(15-5-8)10(11,12)13/h3-5,7H,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
Properties
C10H10F3N3OS
Molar mass 277.27 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Sulfoxaflor is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin and is a member a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects with much lower toxicity to mammals.[1] The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage in the nicotinergic neuronal pathway.[2] This blockage leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter, resulting in the insect's paralysis, and eventually death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action. Because sulfoxaflor binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is selectively more toxic to insects than mammals.[3]

On May 6, 2013, the United States Environmental Protection Agency illegally approved the first two commercial pesticide products that contain sulfoxaflor, marketed under the brand names "Transform" and "Closer", to the Dow Chemical Corporation. This pesticide has been registered to South Korea, Panama, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala and additional global registrations are expected to be quashed in the near future.

However, on 10 September 2015 the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals issued a ruling overturning the EPA's approval of sulfoxaflor.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sparks, Thomas C. (2013). "Sulfoxaflor and the sulfoximine insecticides: Chemistry, mode of action and basis for efficacy on resistant insects". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 107 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.014.
  2. ^ Cutler, P.; Slater, R.; Edmunds, A. J.; Maienfisch, P.; Hall, R. G.; Earley, F. G.; Pitterna, T.; Pal, S.; Paul, V. L.; Goodchild, J.; Blacker, M.; Hagmann, L.; Crossthwaite, A. J. (2013). "Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: A fourth-generation neonicotinoid". Pest Management Science. 69 (5): 607–619. doi:10.1002/ps.3413. PMID 23112103.
  3. ^ "sulfoxaflor". ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  4. ^ http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-bees-insecticide-20150910-story.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

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