1837

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s
Years:	1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840

1837 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1837 MDCCCXXXVII
Ab urbe condita	2590
Armenian calendar	1286 ԹՎ ՌՄՁԶ
Assyrian calendar	6587
Balinese saka calendar	1758–1759
Bengali calendar	1244
Berber calendar	2787
British Regnal year	7 Will. 4 – 1 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2381
Burmese calendar	1199
Byzantine calendar	7345–7346
Chinese calendar	丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4534 or 4327     — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 4535 or 4328
Coptic calendar	1553–1554
Discordian calendar	3003
Ethiopian calendar	1829–1830
Hebrew calendar	5597–5598
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1893–1894
- Shaka Samvat	1758–1759
- Kali Yuga	4937–4938
Holocene calendar	11837
Igbo calendar	837–838
Iranian calendar	1215–1216
Islamic calendar	1252–1253
Japanese calendar	Tenpō 8 (天保８年)
Javanese calendar	1764–1765
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4170
Minguo calendar	75 before ROC 民前75年
Nanakshahi calendar	369
Thai solar calendar	2379–2380
Tibetan calendar	阳火猴年 (male Fire-Monkey) 1963 or 1582 or 810     — to — 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1964 or 1583 or 811

1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1837th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 837th year of the 2nd millennium, the 37th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1837, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria.
• January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
• February – Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist begins publication in serial form in London.
• February 4 – Seminoles attack Fort Foster in Florida.
• February 25 – In Philadelphia, the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.
• March 4
  • Martin Van Buren is sworn in, as the eighth President of the United States.
  • The city of Chicago is incorporated.

April–June

• April 12 – The conglomerate of Procter & Gamble has its origins, when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• May – W. F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patent a system of electrical telegraph.
• May 10 – The Panic of 1837 begins in New York City.
• June 5 – The settlement of Houston is incorporated, by the Republic of Texas.
• June 11 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.
• June 14 – The worldly famous Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi dies in Naples.
• June 20 – Queen Victoria, 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle William IV without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years). Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.

  

  June 20: Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901).

July–September

• July – Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant ship Morrison. In the Morrison incident, he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.
• July 13 – Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, her London home.
• August 16 – The Dutch sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending the Padri War.
• September – First Carlist War – Battle of Aranzueque: The liberal forces loyal to Queen Isabel II of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as the Expedición Real.
• September 28 – Samuel Morse files a caveat for a patent for the telegraph.

October–December

• October 10–13 – The French army besieges and captures Constantine in French Algeria.
• October 22 – Henry David Thoreau makes his first journal entry, at the suggestion of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
• November 7 – American abolitionist and newspaper editor Elijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob, at his warehouse in Alton, Illinois.
• November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
• November–December – In the Canadas, William Lyon Mackenzie leads the Upper Canada Rebellion, and Louis-Joseph Papineau leads the Lower Canada Rebellion.
• December 17 – Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace, in Saint Petersburg, Russia killing 30 guards
• December 29 – The Caroline Affair, on the Niagara River, becomes the basis for the Caroline test for anticipatory self-defence in international relations.

Date unknown

L’Atelier de l'artiste. An 1837 daguerreotype by Louis Daguerre.

• At Le Mans, France, Father Basil Moreau, CSC, founds the Congregation of Holy Cross, by joining the Brothers of St. Joseph and the Auxiliary Priests of Le Mans.
• Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype.
• The 5th century B.C. Berlin Foundry Cup is acquired, for the Antikensammlung Berlin in Germany.
• Sylvain Charles Valée and French troops capture Skikda, Algeria.
• The Olney Friends School is founded.

Births

January–June

J. P. Morgan

• January 2 – Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910)
• January 7 – Thomas Henry Ismay, English shipowner (White Star Line) (d. 1899)
• February 5
  • Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (d. 1899)
  • Edward Miner Gallaudet, American educator of the deaf (d. 1917)
• February 13 – Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914)
• February 20 – Samuel Swett Green, American librarian, advocate (d. 1918)
• March 1 – William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, editor and politician (d. 1920)
• March 3 – Jacques Duchesne, French general (d. 1918)
• March 7 – Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
• March 18 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
• March 22 – Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione (d. 1899)
• March 23 – Charles Wyndham, English actor, theatrical manager (d. 1919)
• March 27 – Kate Fox, American medium (d. 1892)
• April 5 – Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (d. 1909)
• April 17 – John Pierpont Morgan, American financier, banker (d. 1913)
• April 21 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1922)
• April 27 – Queen Cheorin, Korean queen (d. 1878)
• April 29 – Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general, politician (d. 1891)
• May 5
  • Anna Maria Mozzoni, Italian feminist, founder of the Italian women's movement (d. 1920)
  • Theodor Rosetti, 16th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1923)
• May 7 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (d. 1875)
• May 9 – Adam Opel, German engineer, industrialist (d. 1895)
• May 27 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876)
• May 28
  • George Ashlin, Irish architect (d. 1921)
  • Tony Pastor, American impresario, theater owner (d. 1908)
• June 7 – Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (d. 1903)
• June 20 – David Josiah Brewer, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1910)
• June 22
  • Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (d. 1920)
  • Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884)
  • Touch the Clouds, Native American Miniconjou chief (d. 1905)
• June 28 or 29 – Petre P. Carp, 2-time Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1919)

July–December

Anna Filosofova

File:José María Plácido Caamaño.jpg

José Plácido Caamaño

• July 4 – Carolus-Duran, French painter (d. 1917)
• July 18 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)
• July 18 – Signe Hebbe, Swedish opera soprano (d. 1925)
• July 21 – Johanna Hedén, Swedish midwife, surgeon (d. 1912)
• August 1 – (bapt.) Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones"), Irish-American labor leader (d. 1930)
• August 5 – Anna Filosofova, Russian women's rights activist (d. 1912)
• August 24 – Théodore Dubois, French composer (d. 1924)
• September 2 – James H. Wilson, Union Army major general in the American Civil War (d. 1925)
• September 14 – Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d.1903)
• September 12 – Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (d. 1892)
• September 16 – King Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
• September 18 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880)
• October 3 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (d. 1885)
• October 4 – Auguste-Réal Angers, Canadian judge and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1919)
• October 5 – José Plácido Caamaño, 12th President of Ecuador (d. 1900)
• October 10 – Robert Gould Shaw, Union Army general in the American Civil War, social reformer (k. 1863)
• October 26 – Carl Koldewey, German explorer famous for the German North Polar Expedition (d. 1908)
• October 28 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shōgun, 15th and last of the Tokugawa shogunate (d. 1913)
• October 29 – Harriet Powers, African-American folk artist (d. 1910)
• November 2 – Émile Bayard, French artist, illustrator (d. 1891)
• November 5 – Arnold Janssen, German-born Catholic priest, saint (d. 1909)
• November 14 – Lucas Barrett, English naturalist (d. 1862)
• November 20 – Lewis Waterman, American inventor, businessman (d.1901)
• November 23 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)
• December (unknown date) – Bella French Swisher, American writer (d. 1893)
• December 9 – Kabayama Sukenori, Japanese samurai, general and statesman (d. 1922)
• December 11 – Webster Paulson, English civil engineer (d. 1887)
• December 15 – George B. Post, American architect (d. 1913)
• December 24
  • Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I (d. 1898)
  • Cosima Wagner, wife of German composer Richard Wagner (d. 1930)
• December 26
  • William Boyd Dawkins, British geologist (d. 1929)
  • George Dewey, American admiral (d. 1917)

Deaths

January–June

Alexander Pushkin

• January 20 – John Soane, British architect (b. 1753)
• January 23 – John Field, Irish composer (b. 1782)
• February 7 – Gustav IV Adolf, ex-King of Sweden (b. 1778)
• February 10 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (b. 1799)
• February 13 – Mariano José de Larra, Spanish author (b. 1809)
• February 19 – Georg Büchner, German playwright (b. 1813)
• March 31 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
• April 28 – Joseph Souham, French general (b. 1760)
• May 20 – Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1747)
• June 14 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)
• June 20 – King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)

July–December

• July 18 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant, rebel leader (b. 1777)
• September 7 – Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken, Russian military leader (b. 1752)
• September 21 – Pieter Vreede, Dutch politician (b. 1750)
• September 28 – Akbar II, last Mughal emperor of India (b. 1760)
• October 1 – Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777)
• October 10 – Charles Fourier, French philosopher (b. 1772)
• October 12 – Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont, French governor-general of French Algeria (killed during the siege of Constantine) (b. 1783)
• November 7 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (b. 1802)
• December 26 — Mittie Frances Clarke Point, American novelist (b. 1850)

Date Unknown

• Mary Dixon Kies, first American recipient of a U.S. patent (b. 1752)

Further reading

• "Chronicle of Events from August 1836 to September 1837". American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge. Boston: Charles Bowen. 1838. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)