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Day of the year
October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 79 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601–1900 [ edit ] 1901–present [ edit ] 1903 – The Boston Red Sox win the first modern World Series , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the eighth game.1908 – Margaret Travers Symons bursts into the UK parliament and becomes the first woman to speak there.[4] 1911 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , becomes the first Governor General of Canada of royal descent.1915 – First World War: The Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt marks the end of the Battle of Loos.1917 – The "Miracle of the Sun " is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Portugal.1921 – Soviet republics sign the Treaty of Kars to formalize the borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.1923 – Ankara becomes the capital of Turkey.1943 – World War II: Marshal Pietro Badoglio announces that Italy has officially declared war on Germany.1944 – World War II: The Soviet Riga Offensive captures the city.1946 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.1962 – The Pacific Northwest experiences a cyclone the equal of a Category 3 hurricane, with winds above 150 mph. Forty-six people die.1972 – Aeroflot Flight 217 crashes outside Moscow, killing 174.1972 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains. Twenty-eight survive the crash. All but 16 succumb before rescue on December 23.[5]
1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola virus is taken at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by Dr. F. A. Murphy .1977 – Hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine .1983 – Ameritech Mobile Communications launches the first US cellular network in Chicago.1990 – Syrian forces attack free areas of Lebanon, removing General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.1993 – At least 60 people die in eastern Papua New Guinea when a series of earthquakes rock the Finisterre Range, triggering massive landslides.[6] 2010 – The mining accident in Copiapó, Chile ends as all 33 trapped miners arrive at the surface after a record 69 days underground.2013 – A stampede occurs in India during the Hindu festival Navratri , killing 115 and injuring more than 110.2016 – The Maldives announces its decision to withdraw from the Commonwealth of Nations.2019 – Kenyan Brigid Kosgei sets a new world record for a woman runner with a time of 2:14:04 at the 2019 Chicago Marathon .[7] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 467 – Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei , emperor of Northern Wei (d. 499)1381 – Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel , English politician, Lord High Treasurer of England (d. 1415)[8] 1453 – Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales , son and heir of Henry VI of England (d. 1471)1474 – Mariotto Albertinelli , Italian painter and educator (d. 1515)1499 – Claude of France (d. 1524)1563 – Francis Caracciolo , Italian Catholic priest (d. 1608)[9] 1566 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork , Irish politician, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland (d. 1643)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1613 – Luisa de Guzmán , Spanish-Portuguese wife of John IV of Portugal (d. 1666)1696 – John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey , English courtier and politician, Lord Privy Seal (d. 1743)1703 – Andrea Belli , Maltese architect and businessman (d. 1772)1713 – Allan Ramsay , Scottish-English painter (d. 1784)[10] 1756 – James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier , English admiral and politician, 36th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1833)1768 – Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin , French admiral and explorer (d. 1839)1820 – John William Dawson , Canadian geologist and academic (d. 1899)1821 – Rudolf Virchow , German physician, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)1825 – Charles Frederick Worth , English fashion designer, founded House of Worth (d. 1895)1844 – Ernest Myers , English poet and author (d. 1921)1853 – Lillie Langtry , English actress and singer (d. 1929)[11] 1862 – Mary Kingsley , English explorer and author (d. 1900)1870 – Albert Jay Nock , American theorist, author, and critic (d. 1945)1872 – Leon Leonwood Bean , American hunter, businessman, and author, founded L.L.Bean (d. 1967)1873 – Georgios Kafantaris , Greek politician and Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1946)1874 – József Klekl , Slovene-Hungarian priest and politician (d. 1948)1876 – Rube Waddell , American baseball player (d. 1914)1878 – Patrick Joseph Hartigan , Australian priest and author (d. 1952)1879 – Edward Hennig , American gymnast (d. 1960)1880 – Sasha Chorny , Russian poet and author (d. 1932)1887 – Jozef Tiso , Slovak priest and politician, President of Slovakia (d. 1947)1890 – Conrad Richter , American journalist and novelist (d. 1968)1891 – Irene Rich , American actress (d. 1988)1893 – Kurt Reidemeister , German mathematician connected to the Vienna Circle (d. 1971)1895 – Mike Gazella , American baseball player and manager (d. 1978)1899 – Piero Dusio , Italian footballer, businessman and racing driver (d. 1975)1900 – Gerald Marks , American composer (d. 1997)1901–present [ edit ] 1902 – Arna Bontemps , American librarian, author, and poet (d. 1973)1902 – Karl Leichter , Estonian musicologist and academic (d. 1987)
1904 – Wilfred Pickles , English actor and radio host (d. 1978)1905 – Yves Allégret , French director and screenwriter (d. 1987)1905 – Coloman Braun-Bogdan , Romanian footballer and manager (d. 1983)
1909 – Herblock , American author and illustrator (d. 2001)1909 – Art Tatum , American jazz pianist (d. 1956)[12]
1911 – Ashok Kumar , Indian film actor (d. 2001)1911 – Millosh Gjergj Nikolla , Albanian poet and author (d. 1938)
1912 – Cornel Wilde , Slovak-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1989)1913 – Igor Torkar , Slovenian poet and playwright (d. 2004)1915 – Terry Frost , English painter and academic (d. 2003)1917 – George Osmond , American talent manager (d. 2007)1918 – Robert Walker , American actor (d. 1951)1920 – Laraine Day , American actress (d. 2007)1921 – Yves Montand , Italian-French actor and singer (d. 1991)[13] 1922 – Nathaniel Clifton , American athlete (d. 1990)1923 – John C. Champion , American screenwriter and producer (d. 1994)1923 – Rosemary Anne Sisson , English author and playwright (d. 2017)
1923 – Faas Wilkes , Dutch footballer (d. 2006)
1924 – Terry Gibbs , American vibraphone player and bandleader1924 – Moturu Udayam , Indian activist and politician (d. 2002)
1924 – Roberto Eduardo Viola , Argentinian general and politician, 44th President of Argentina (d. 1994)
1925 – Lenny Bruce , American comedian and actor (d. 1966)1925 – Armand Mouyal , Algerian-French fencer and police officer (d. 1988)
1925 – Margaret Thatcher , English chemist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013)[14]
1925 – Gustav Winckler , Danish singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
1926 – Ray Brown , American bassist and cellist (d. 2002)1926 – Tommy Whittle , Scottish-English saxophonist (d. 2013)
1926 – Killer Kowalski , American wrestler (d. 2008)
1926 – Eddie Yost , American baseball player and coach (d. 2012)
1927 – Lee Konitz , American saxophonist and composer (d. 2020)1927 – Turgut Özal , Turkish engineer and politician, 8th President of Turkey (d. 1993)
1929 – Richard Howard , American poet, critic, and translator1929 – Walasse Ting , Chinese-American painter and poet (d. 2010)
1930 – Bruce Geller , American screenwriter and producer (d. 1978)1931 – Raymond Kopa , French footballer (d. 2017)1931 – Eddie Mathews , American baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
1932 – Johnny Lytle , American vibraphone player and drummer (d. 1995)1932 – Liliane Montevecchi , French-Italian actress, dancer and singer (d. 2018)
1933 – Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill , English lawyer and judge, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (d. 2012)1933 – Raynald Fréchette , Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 2007)
1934 – Nana Mouskouri , Greek singer and politician1935 – Etterlene DeBarge , American singer-songwriter1935 – Bruce Morrow , American radio host and actor
1936 – Chitti Babu , Indian veena player and composer (d. 1996)1938 – Shirley Caesar , American gospel singer-songwriter1938 – Hugo Young , English journalist and author (d. 2003)
1939 – Larry Bowie , American football player (d. 2012)1939 – Melinda Dillon , American actress
1940 – Chris Farlowe , English rock, blues, and soul singer1940 – Pharoah Sanders , American saxophonist and bandleader
1941 – Neil Aspinall , Welsh-English record producer and manager (d. 2008)1941 – Paul Simon , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1941 – John Snow , English cricketer
1942 – Rutanya Alda , Latvian-American actress1942 – Bob Bailey , American baseball player and manager (d. 2018)
1942 – Jerry Jones , American businessman
1942 – Walter McGowan , Scottish boxer (d. 2016)
1943 – Peter Sauber , Swiss businessman, founded the Sauber F1 Team 1944 – Robert Lamm , American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer1945 – Dési Bouterse , Surinamese general and politician, 9th President of Suriname 1946 – Levon Ananyan , Armenian journalist and author (d. 2013)1946 – Edwina Currie , English politician
1946 – Lacy J. Dalton , American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
1947 – Joe Dolce , American-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist1947 – Sammy Hagar , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1948 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan , Pakistani musician (d. 1997)1949 – Tom Mees , American sportscaster (d. 1996)1949 – Patrick Nève , Belgian racing driver (d. 2017)
1950 – Mollie Katzen , American chef and author1950 – Annegret Richter , German sprinter
1950 – Simon Nicol , English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1951 – Stephen Bayley , Welsh journalist, author, and critic1952 – Mundo Earwood , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)1953 – Pat Day , American jockey1954 – George Frazier , American baseball player and sportscaster1954 – Claude Ribbe , French historian and academic
1955 – John Ferenzik , American keyboard player, guitarist, and composer1956 – Joseph Toal , Scottish bishop1956 – Sinan Sakić , Serbian singer (d. 2018)
1957 – Reggie Theus , American basketball player and coach1958 – Maria Cantwell , American lawyer and politician1958 – Jair-Rôhm Parker Wells , American bassist and composer
1959 – Marie Osmond , American singer, actress, and television spokesperson1960 – Joey Belladonna , American singer-songwriter1960 – Eric Joyce , Scottish soldier and politician
1961 – Rachel De Thame , English gardener and television presenter1961 – Doc Rivers , American basketball player and coach
1962 – T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh , American actress and author1962 – Kelly Preston , American actress (d. 2020)
1962 – Jerry Rice , American football player
1963 – Colin Channer , Jamaican-American author and academic1963 – Chip Foose , American engineer and television host
1964 – Fanie de Villiers , South African cricketer1964 – Nie Haisheng , Chinese general, pilot, and astronaut
1964 – Christopher Judge , American actor and producer
1964 – Marco Travaglio , Italian journalist and author
1965 – Johan Museeuw , Belgian cyclist1966 – Larry Collmus , American sportscaster1966 – John Regis , English sprinter
1966 – Baja Mali Knindža , Serbian singer
1967 – Scott Cooper , American baseball player1967 – Trevor Hoffman , American baseball player
1967 – Javier Sotomayor , Cuban high jumper
1967 – Steve Vickers , English footballer
1967 – Kate Walsh , American actress and producer
1967 – Aleksander Čeferin , Slovenian lawyer and football administrator, 7th president of UEFA[15]
1968 – Tisha Campbell-Martin , American actress and singer1969 – Nancy Kerrigan , American figure skater and actress1969 – Cady McClain , American actress and singer
1970 – Serena Altschul , American journalist1970 – Rob Howley , Welsh rugby player and coach
1970 – Paul Potts , English tenor
1971 – Sacha Baron Cohen , English comedian, actor, and screenwriter1971 – Billy Bush , American television journalist and radio host
1971 – Pyrros Dimas , Albanian-Greek weightlifter and politician
1972 – Summer Sanders , American swimmer and sportscaster1973 – Brian Dawkins , American football player and coach1973 – Matt Hughes , American wrestler and mixed martial artist
1977 – Gareth Batty , English cricketer1977 – Benjamin Clapp , American drummer
1977 – Antonio Di Natale , Italian footballer
1977 – Justin Peroff , Canadian drummer and actor
1977 – Paul Pierce , American basketball player
1978 – Jermaine O'Neal , American basketball player1979 – Wes Brown , English footballer1979 – Mamadou Niang , Senegalese footballer
1980 – Ashanti , American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress1980 – David Haye , English boxer
1980 – Magne Hoseth , Norwegian footballer
1980 – Scott Parker , English footballer
1981 – Ryan Ashford , English footballer1981 – Taylor Buchholz , American baseball player
1982 – Antonio Pavanello , Italian rugby player1982 – Ian Thorpe , Australian swimmer
1986 – Gabriel Agbonlahor , English footballer1986 – Sergio Pérez Moya , Mexican footballer
1987 – Adrian Poparadu , Romanian footballer1987 – Nikita Satalkin , Russian footballer
1987 – Tochinoshin Tsuyoshi , Georgian sumo wrestler
1988 – Scott Jamieson , Australian footballer1988 – Enrique Pérez , Mexican footballer
1989 – Breno Borges , Brazilian footballer1989 – Luke Kelly , Australian rugby league player
1989 – Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez , American politician[16]
1989 – Clive Rose , Australian cricketer
1990 – Emma Flood , Norwegian tennis player1990 – Andrej Rendla , Slovak footballer
1990 – Adrián Sardinero , Spanish footballer
1993 – Tiffany Trump , daughter of 45th U.S. President Donald Trump[17] 1994 – Ryan Matterson , Australian rugby league player1995 – Jimin , South Korean singer[18] 1996 – Joshua Wong , Hong Kong pro-democracy activist[19] 1999 – Andrew Capobianco . American Olympic diver[20] 2001 – Caleb McLaughlin , American actor[21] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 54 – Claudius , Roman emperor (b. 10 BC)[1] 807 – Simpert , bishop of Augsburg 982 – Jing Zong , emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 948)1093 – Robert I , count of Flanders (b. 1035)1100 – Guy I , count of Ponthieu 1195 – Gualdim Pais , Portuguese crusader (b. 1118)1282 – Nichiren , Japanese Buddhist priest (b. 1222)1382 – Peter II , king of Cyprus 1415 – Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel , English politician, Lord High Treasurer of England (b. 1381)1435 – Hermann II , count of Croatia 1562 – Claudin de Sermisy , French composer (b. 1495)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1605 – Theodore Beza , French theologian and scholar (b. 1519)1673 – Christoffer Gabel , German-Danish accountant and politician (b. 1617)1687 – Geminiano Montanari , Italian astronomer and lens maker (b. 1633)1694 – Samuel von Pufendorf , German historian, economist, and jurist (b. 1632)1706 – Iyasu I , emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1654)1715 – Nicolas Malebranche , French priest and philosopher (b. 1638)1759 – John Henley , English clergyman and author (b. 1692)1788 – Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent , Irish poet and politician (b. 1702)1812 – Isaac Brock , English general and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada (b. 1769)1815 – Joachim Murat , French general (b. 1767)1822 – Antonio Canova , Italian sculptor (b. 1757)1825 – Maximilian I Joseph , king of Bavaria (b. 1756)1841 – Patrick Campbell , Scottish admiral (b. 1773)1869 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve , French poet, author, and critic (b. 1804)1882 – Arthur de Gobineau , French philosopher and author (b. 1816)1890 – Samuel Freeman Miller , American lawyer and jurist (b. 1816)1901–present [ edit ] 1904 – Pavlos Melas , French-Greek captain (b. 1870)1905 – Henry Irving , English actor and manager (b. 1838)1909 – Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia , Spanish philosopher and academic (b. 1849)1911 – Sister Nivedita , Irish-Indian social worker, author, and educator (b. 1867)1917 – Florence La Badie , American actress (b. 1888)1919 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup , Danish author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)1926 – Hans E. Kinck , Norwegian philologist and author (b. 1865)1930 – T. Alexander Harrison , American painter and educator (b. 1853)1931 – Ernst Didring , Swedish author (b. 1868)1938 – E. C. Segar , American cartoonist, created Popeye 1945 – Milton S. Hershey , American businessman, founded The Hershey Company (b. 1857)1950 – Ernest Haycox , American soldier and author (b. 1899)1955 – Manuel Ávila Camacho , Mexican general and politician, 45th President of Mexico (b. 1897)1956 – Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı , Turkish poet and author (b. 1910)1961 – Prince Louis Rwagasore , Burundi politician, Prime Minister of Burundi (b. 1932)1966 – Clifton Webb , American actor and dancer (b. 1889)1968 – Bea Benaderet , American actress and voice artist (b. 1906)1973 – Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı , Turkish ethnographer and author (b. 1886)1973 – Albert Mandler , Austrian-Israeli general (b. 1929)
1974 – Otto Binder , American author (b. 1911)1974 – Anatoli Kozhemyakin , Soviet footballer (b. 1953)
1974 – Ed Sullivan , American journalist and talk show host (b. 1901)
1979 – Antonio Berni , Argentinian painter, illustrator, and engraver (b. 1905)1981 – Rebecca Clarke , English viola player and composer (b. 1886)1985 – Tage Danielsson , Swedish author, actor, and director (b. 1928)1987 – Walter Houser Brattain , American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)1987 – Kishore Kumar , Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and director (b. 1929)
1987 – Nilgün Marmara , Turkish poet and author (b. 1958)
1990 – Hans Namuth , German-American photographer (b. 1915)1990 – Lê Đức Thọ , Vietnamese general and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
1992 – James Marshall , American author and illustrator (b. 1942)1993 – Otmar Gutmann , German filmmaker (b. 1937)1996 – Beryl Reid , English actress (b. 1919)1998 – Dmitry Nikolayevich Filippov , Russian businessman and politician (b. 1944)1999 – Michael Hartnett , Irish poet (b. 1941)2000 – Jean Peters , American actress (b. 1926)2001 – Peter Doyle , Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1949)2002 – Stephen Ambrose , American historian and author (b. 1936)2002 – Keene Curtis , American actor (b. 1923)
2003 – Bertram Brockhouse , Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)2004 – Enrique Fernando , Filipino lawyer and jurist, 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1915)2004 – Bernice Rubens , Welsh author (b. 1928)
2005 – Vivian Malone Jones , American activist (b. 1942)2006 – Wang Guangmei , Chinese philanthropist and politician, 2nd Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China (b. 1921)2007 – Bob Denard , French soldier and academic (b. 1929)2008 – Alexei Cherepanov , Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989)2009 – Stephen Barnett , American scholar and academic (b. 1935)2010 – Vernon Biever , American photographer (b. 1923)2011 – Barbara Kent , Canadian-born American actress (b. 1907)2012 – Stuart Bell , English lawyer and politician (b. 1938)2012 – Gary Collins , American actor (b. 1938)
2012 – Tomonobu Imamichi , Japanese philosopher and academic (b. 1922)
2013 – Martin Drewes , German soldier and pilot (b. 1918)2013 – Joe Meriweather , American basketball player and coach (b. 1953)
2013 – Tommy Whittle , Scottish-English saxophonist (b. 1926)
2013 – Takashi Yanase , Japanese poet and illustrator, created Anpanman
2014 – John Bradfield , English biologist and businessman, founded Cambridge Science Park (b. 1925)2014 – Antonio Cafiero , Argentinian accountant and politician, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1922)
2014 – Margaret Hillert , American author and poet (b. 1920)
2014 – Mohammad Sarengat , Indonesian sprinter (b. 1939)
2014 – Pontus Segerström , Swedish footballer (b. 1981)
2015 – Rosalyn Baxandall , American historian, author, and academic (b. 1939)2015 – Bruce Hyde , American academic and actor (b. 1941)
2015 – Michael J. H. Walsh , English general (b. 1927)
2016 – Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) , King of Thailand (b. 1927)2016 – Dario Fo , Italian playwright, actor, director, and composer Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)
2016 – Jim Prentice , Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (b. 1956)
2017 – Albert Zafy , Malagasy politician (b. 1927)2018 – Annapurna Devi , Indian surbahar (bass sitar) player (b. 1927)Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ a b "History - Claudius" . BBC . Retrieved 8 February 2020 .^ Wilde, Robert (March 17, 2019). "Henry V of England" . ThoughtCo . Retrieved October 5, 2019 . ^ "Henry IV" . Westminster Abbey . Retrieved October 5, 2019 .^ Elizabeth Crawford (2 September 2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 ISBN 1-135-43402-6 ^ "Alive: The Andes Accident 1972" . viven.com.uy . Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2017-04-10 .^ "M 6.9 - 47 km NNE of Kainantu, Papua New Guinea" . earthquake.usgs.gov . U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved 11 October 2021 .^ PHIL THOMPSON (Oct 13, 2019). "Brigid Kosgei smashes the world record by 81 seconds in winning the Chicago Marathon: 'I never believed that time (was possible)' " . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved Oct 14, 2019 . ^ The Sussex County Magazine ^ A. J. M. & J. K. Mousolfe (1986). Saint Companions for Each Day ISBN 978-81-7109-092-1 ^ Alastair Smart (1952). The Life and Art of Allan Ramsay ^ Theo Aronson (1988). The King in Love: King Edward VII's Mistresses-- Lillie Langtry, Daisy Warwick, Alice Keppel, and Others ISBN 978-0-06-016033-3 ^ Alyn Shipton (21 February 2002). Jazz Makers: Vanguards of Sound ISBN 978-0-19-976130-2 ^ Editors of Chase's (30 September 2018). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months ISBN 978-1-64143-264-1 CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link ) ^ "Obituary: Margaret Thatcher" . BBC News . 8 April 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2020 .^ Čeferin, Aleksander. "President Uefa" . uefa.com . Retrieved 18 October 2020 . ^ Hess, Abigail (6 November 2018). "29-year-old Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is poised to become the youngest woman in Congress" . CNBC . Retrieved 28 June 2020 . ^ Struyk, Ryan (April 11, 2016). "Trump Kids Eric and Ivanka Miss Deadline to Vote in NY GOP Primary" . ABC News . Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017 . ^ "When are the birthdays of the seven BTS members?" . Metro . 23 May 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2020 .^ Sibree, Bron (29 January 2020). "In Unfree Speech, Joshua Wong writes, 'our struggle is your struggle' " . South China Morning Post . Retrieved 24 May 2020 . ^ "Andrew Capobianco" . NBC . Retrieved 21 September 2021 .^ Rose, Mike (October 13, 2018). "Today's top celebrity birthdays list for October 13, 2018" . The Plain Dealer . Retrieved October 14, 2018 . ^ "International Days" . www.un.org . 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021 .
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