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Moomin (1990 TV series)

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For the Polish television series, see The Moomins (TV series).
Moomin
A screenshot of the series' British English dubbed title, featuring Moominhouse behind the logo.
楽しいムーミン一家
(Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka)
Anime television series
Directed byHiroshi Saitō
Masayuki Kojima
Produced byKazuo Tabata
Dennis Livson
Written byAkira Miyazaki
Shōzō Matsuda
Masaaki Sakurai
Naoko Miyake
Megumi Sugihara
Nobuaki Kishima
Music bySumio Shiratori
StudioTelecable Benelux B.V.
Telescreen Japan Inc.
Visual 80
Licensed by
  • UK: Maverick Entertainment
    STAX Entertainment
Original networkTV Tokyo (1990–1991)
English network
Original run April 12, 1990 – October 3, 1991
Episodes78 (List of episodes)
Anime television series
Delightful Moomin Family: Adventure Diary
Directed byTakeyuki Kanda
Produced byKazuo Tabata
Dennis Livson
Written byMasaaki Sakurai
Yoshitake Suzuki (Fuyunori Gobu)
Hiroko Naka
Akira Shiramizu
Kazumi Koide
Music bySumio Shiratori
StudioTelecable Benelux B.V.
Original networkTV Tokyo
Original run October 10, 1991 – March 26, 1992
Episodes26 (List of episodes)
Anime film
Comet in Moominland
Directed byHiroshi Saitō
Produced byKazuo Tabata
Written byAkira Miyazaki
Music bySumio Shiratori
StudioTelecable Benelux B.V.
Telescreen Japan Inc.
ReleasedAugust 8, 1992
Runtime68 minutes

Moomin (Japanese: 楽しいムーミン一家, Hepburn: Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka, Delightful Moomin Family) is a Japanese-Finnish-Dutch anime television series produced by Telecable Benelux B.V.. Based on the Moomin novels and comic strips by the Finnish illustrator and author Tove Jansson and her brother Lars Jansson,[1] it was the third anime adaptation of the property and the first to receive distribution in other countries worldwide. Moomin first aired on TV Tokyo from April 12, 1990 to October 3, 1991. The series had also been dubbed into English and aired on CBBC in United Kingdom during the same year.

Moomin takes place in the peaceful Moominvalley, where a young Moomin along with his parents Moominpappa and Moominmamma live in the large and blue Moominhouse. The series follows many fun or even obscure adventures of Moomin family and their friends around the Moominvalley or sometimes outside of it. Most of the stories involve discovering magical objects and creatures, adventures in different locations or dealing with everyday situations. While many episodes are faithful or at least loosely based on the novels and comic strips, the series has its own consistent continuity.

The series helped fuel the "Moomin boom" of the 1990s, including an obsession with The Moomin plush toys in Japan.[1] After great success of the series, a sequel called Delightful Moomin Family: Adventure Diary (楽しいムーミン一家 冒険日記, Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki) was made. The sequel aired in several countries outside of Japan, where it was considered another season of Moomin, although it was never dubbed into English. The original series also spawned a theatrical prequel film Comet in Moominland that is based on the second novel of the same name and video games releases. Moomin second aired on TV Tokyo from October 10, 1991 to March 26, 1992.

The series was dubbed into many languages (including, but not limited to, the aforementioned English, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Danish) and aired worldwide. In addition, a Northern Sami dub was made by NRK Sámi Radio and aired on NRK 1 in Norway and SVT1 in Sweden alongside the aforementioned Norwegian and Swedish dubs.

Plot

Further information: List of Moomin characters
The Moomin family and friends. From left to right, Snufkin, Little My, Sniff, the Snork Maiden, Moominpappa, Moomin (Moomintroll) and Moominmamma.

The series begins with the arrival of spring in Moominvalley. Moomin, along with Little My, Moominpappa and Moominmamma wake up in Moominhouse, while Snufkin also comes back from his south travel on the first day of spring. The first eight episodes create a coherent storyline that is based on the third novel, Finn Family Moomintroll. During the story, Moomin and his friends find out the magical silk hat, that turns out to belong to the Hobgoblin. He later gets his hat back from the Moomin family. The Moomins later find a wrecked boat, fix it and travel to a lonely island which is full of Hattifatteners. Next, two small creatures called Thingumy and Bob with a large suitcase arrive to the Moominhouse, and they are followed by the Groke. After the Moomins manage to evict the Groke from their way by giving her Moomin's seashell, it turns out that Thingumy and Bob are keeping the large "King's Ruby" in their suitcase. After Thingummy and Bob return Moominmamma's missing handbag, the Moomins celebrate the event with a large junket, where suddenly the Hobgoblin also arrives. Finally the problem of the King's Ruby's ownership is solved with the Hobgoblin's magic.

Moomin takes place between a three-year period of time. Moomin and his family or friends manage to take part in two winter periods through the series, although the Moomins are normally supposed to fall into hibernation. Through the series, Snork, the Snork Maiden's inventor brother, designs and creates two flying ships of different type; the first is destroyed due sabotage and the second one gets finished at the end of the series. Before the second winter period, the Moomins and their friends also get to know Alicia and her grandmother, who is a witch. She teaches Alicia to become a real witch and has a negative opinion about the Moomins and their nice nature. As the series goes on, the witch however begins to appreciate them. At the end of the series, Snork decides to go on a journey with his finished flying ship while Alicia and her grandmother also leave the Moominvalley for the third winter period. The series concludes when the winter arrives, the Moomins fall into hibernation and Snufkin travels to the south once again.

Production

Moomin is the third anime adaptation based on the novels and comic strips. Before the production, author Tove Jansson was already displeased with the previous Moomin anime adaptation from 1969 due to how unfaithful the series' characters and stories were to her original source material.[2][3] Because of this, both of the first Moomin and New Moomin from 1972 were never distributed or aired outside Japan. Since 1981, Finnish animation and commercial producer Dennis Livson began to beg the rights from Tove and Lars Jansson to make another animated adaptation.[4] Eventually, Livson managed to win both of them over after they saw his previous produced animated series Alfred J Kwak, and rights for another series were obtained. A year later in Tokyo, Livson showed a small preview of the anime series for both Tove and Lars Jansson. According to Livson, Tove commented it by saying "Dom lever ju" ("They are really alive!”).[4]

Unlike previous two anime adaptations, Moomin was co-production of Dutch company Telecable Benelux B.V. (later re-titled as Telescreen since 1998 until the acquisition to brand management & media company m4e in 2008) and Japanese animation studios Telescreen Japan Inc. and Visual 80. Hiroshi Saitō and Masayuki Kojima were the series' main directors while Akira Miyazaki did the screenplay for the first 12 and many later episodes. Tove and Lars Jansson were also involved with the screenplay by doing certain changes in scripts.

In Japan, this work "Moomin" is known as "regular broadcast even in the Gulf War". When the Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) broke out in January 17, 1991, while other TV stations in Tokyo switched to emergency broadcasting, only TV Tokyo broadcast "Moomin" as usual and attracted a lot of attention.[5][6][7] The audience rating at this time rose to one-fifth. In TV Tokyo, even if a war or an earthquake occurs, it is customary to continue regular broadcasting without broadcasting an emergency broadcast, but even now, "Moomin" is overwhelmingly mentioned as a representative example. As the same way, programs affected by the Gulf War in some way include "the Three-Eyed One" (until September 1991) and "the Top Striker" (since October 1991), these were the next programs of "Moomin". However, similarly also here, there are many cases where "Moomin" is mentioned in programs affected by the Gulf War.

Differences from the books

The series includes plotlines taken from following Moomin books: Finn Family Moomintroll (eight episodes), Moominland Midwinter (three episodes), Moominsummer Madness (three episodes), The Exploits of Moominpappa (three episodes), Moominpappa at Sea (two episodes) and several short stories from the collection Tales from Moominvalley (five episodes in total). Roughly twenty episodes in the original series and dozen more in the sequel series are based on stories taken from Tove and Lars Jansson's Moomin comic strips. The series does have differences from the books and comic strips, more strongly than European stop-motion series The Moomins that aired between 1977 and 1982, but not as much as the previous two anime adaptations. Certain events and characters from the books and comic strips are missing in order to fit the series' own continuity or for reasons unknown. Many new plotlines and some new characters have been added, especially in the later episodes. Some notable differences include:

  • Moomintroll is called simply "Moomin", except in the first episode in the Japanese version, where the narrator introduces him as "Moomintroll".
  • Little My appears in the series from the beginning, but appears only in later volumes in the books.
  • Lady of the Cold looks very different from the description in the books.
  • In the books the Moomins exchange the King's Ruby for the Hobgoblin's top hat and the Hobgoblin later arrives, to collect the King's Ruby, with a new hat. In the series however, Hobgoblin gets his top hat back in the second episode and in the seventh episode the Moomins instead exchange the King's Ruby for a heart-shaped sea-shell Snorkmaiden gave Moomin.
    • Also the wishes are different. In the series, Snorkmaiden wishes for eyes like the Wooden Lady, Moomin wishes them back to normal after she ends up hating them, and the third wish thingumy and bob wish for a ruby just like the Hobgoblin's. In the book, Mamma wishes for Moomin to not miss Snufkin being gone, and Moomin wishes for some of the party's food to go to Snufkin.
  • A Fillyjonk raises Moominpappa in the orphanage in the series, while in the books it's a Hemulen who raises him.
  • Snorkmaiden and Sniff who disappear occasionally in the book series have bigger roles in the TV series and they appear quite often throughout the series.　
  • Snufkin takes a friendly attitude towards people who are not in the Moomin family. He doesn't smoke a pipe in the series.
  • Snork appears regularly and he's portrayed as a scientist and inventor whereas in the books he's a very minor character who mainly tries to solve varying problems with systematic approach. Snork's fixation with flying is not based on the books.
  • Alicia and her grandmother (the witch) are characters who were invented for the series, they did not exist in the books or comic strips.

Cast and characters

Character English actor[8] Japanese actor[9] Finnish actor (1991)[10] Finnish actor (2017)[11] Finland Swedish actor[12]
Narrator Garrick Hagon (episodes 1-26),
Peter Marinker (episodes 27-78)		 Emiko Shiratori Leena Uotila Carla Rindell Vivi-Ann Sjögren
Moomintroll Susan Sheridan Minami Takayama Rabbe Smedlund Aksu Palmén Sixten Lundberg
Moominmamma Pat Starr Ikuko Tani Ulla Tapaninen Katja Aakkula Margit Lindeman
Moominpappa Peter Whitman (episodes 1-46),
William Roberts (episodes 47-78)		 Akio Ōtsuka Matti Ruohola Juha Varis Johan Simberg
Snufkin John Chancer Takehito Koyasu Timo Torikka Ilkka Villi Michel Budsko
Little My Toni Barry Rei Sakuma Elina Salo Karolina Blom Lilli Sukula-Lindblom
Snorkmaiden

(also known as Floren in the Japanese dub)

Mika Kanai Aila Svedberg Heljä Heikkinen Ragni Grönblom
Sniff Jeff Harding Ryusei Nakao Eero Ahre Jukka Nylund Riko Eklundh
Hemulen Garrick Hagon Minoru Yada Tapio Hämäläinen Markku Huhtamo Peik Stenberg
Snork David Graham Yasuyuki Hirata Samuli Edelmann (episodes 1-52),
Ilkka Merivaara (episodes 53-78)		 Jon-Jon Geitel Dick Idman
Mrs Fillyjonk Stacey Gregg (episodes 14-26, 59-78),
Joanna Ruiz (episodes 33-56)		 Sumi Shimamoto Leena Uotila Carla Rindell Cris af Enehielm
Mymble Toni Barry (episodes 6-26),
Stacey Gregg (episodes 42-56),
Joanne McQuinn (episodes 60-78)		 Yūko Kobayashi Aila Svedberg Vivi-Ann Sjögren
Too-Ticky Stacey Gregg (episodes 10-11, 22-23),
Emily Stride (episode 37)		 Mika Doi Marja Packalén Ella Pyhältö Gumbi Zilliacus
Stinky Garrick Hagon Yuko Maruyama Matti Ruohola Juha Varis Peik Stenberg
Police Inspector Jeff Harding Takaya Hashi Tapio Hämäläinen,
Ilkka Merivaara (episode 100)		 Jarmo Koski Samuel Huber
Alicia Stacey Gregg (episodes 35-56),
Joanne McQuinn (episodes 62-78)		 Sakiko Tamagawa Marja Packalén Ella Pyhältö Annika Miiros
The Witch Stacey Gregg (episodes 35-56),
Joanne McQuinn (episodes 62-78)		 Saeko Shimazu Leena Uotila Carla Rindell Sue Lemström
The Hobgoblin Jeff Harding (episodes 2, 8),
Robert Chase (episode 75)		 Tomomichi Nishimura Timo Torikka Markus Bäckman Samuel Huber
Thingumy and Bob Stacey Gregg (Thingumy) (episodes 6-8),
Joanne McQuinn (Thingumy) (episode 74),
Stacey Gregg (Bob) (episodes 6-8),
Joanna Ruiz (Bob) (episode 74)		 Isamu Tanonaka (Thingumy)
You Inoue (Bob)		 Marja Packalén (Thingumy)
Leena Uotila (Bob)		 Ella Pyhältö (Thingumy)
Katja Aakkula (Bob)		 Sue Lemström (Thingumy)
Hellen Willberg (Bob)
Ninny Stacey Gregg Miina Tominaga Leena Uotila Ella Pyhältö Berit Neumann-Lund
The Groke

(also known as Morran in the Japanese dub)

No actor (episodes 6-7)
Jeff Harding (episodes 22, 37-38, 59)		 Tomie Kataoka Tapio Hämäläinen Markus Bäckman Hellen Willberg
Hodgkins (Fredrikson) Robert Chase Rokuro Naya Ilkka Merivaara Jon-Jon Geitel Joachim Wigelius
Joxter John Chancer Takehito Koyasu Timo Torikka Ilkka Villi Michel Budsko
Muddler Jeff Harding Ryusei Nakao Eero Ahre Jukka Nylund Riko Eklundh
Postman Garrick Hagon Masamischi Sato Matti Ruohola,
Ilkka Merivaara (Bōken Nikki)		 Markus Bäckman Tom Lindblom
Sorry-oo

William Roberts replaced Peter Whitman as Moominpappa after Episode 47, due to Whitman's death.

Episodes

Further information: List of Moomin episodes

First series

The first anime series consists of 78 episodes, although only 76 episodes have been aired in certain countries. The series was first aired in Japan on TV Tokyo on April 12, 1990. The last episode aired in Japan on October 3, 1991.

After its first run in Japan, many other television channels have re-aired the first series. The series was distributed to many countries worldwide. In Tove Jansson's home country Finland, the series first aired on Finnish Broadcasting Company's YLE TV1 on August 1, 1991 and a Swedish dub first aired three days later. After the first run, the series has been moved to YLE TV2 and has been rebroadcasting along with the sequel series in almost every year, either with the Finnish or Swedish dub.

During the early 1990s, the first anime series has also been dubbed into British English for Children's BBC (later renamed as CBBC) in the United Kingdom under the title Moomin. The series was distributed by Maverick Entertainment, while the dubbing was recorded at Cardiff's Eco Studios. The full voice cast includes Susan Sheridan, Toni Barry, Pat Starr, Peter Whitman, John Chancer, David Graham, Garrick Hagon, Jeff Harding and Stacey Jefferson. Sheridan's daughter Emily Stride also provided the English voice of Too Ticky in some episodes. The series has never aired in the United States with the exception being Hawaii, where the series has been called The Tales of Moomin Valley and aired on television station K-5.[1] Despite the different opening and ending themes, Hawaii airings featured the British dub from Children's BBC.

In 2017 presentations rights of the series in Finland was moved from Yle to commercial channel MTV Oy. The series received a new HD-remaster, and a new Finnish translation and dubbing was recorded, due to copyright reasons. The new Finnish translation was based largely on the CBBC English version.

Delightful Moomin Family: Adventure Diary

After the high success of the first anime series in Japan, the second anime series titled Delightful Moomin Family: Adventure Diary (楽しいムーミン一家 冒険日記, Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki) was made. TV Tokyo aired it in Japan from October 10, 1991 to March 26, 1992. Consisting 26 more episodes, continued from the first period, it will be from episodes 79 to 104. The sequel series does not feature any adaptations of Jansson's books but some of its episodes were based on Moomin comic strips.

Outside Japan only a few countries have aired Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki and it has usually been featured as a new season of Moomin. The sequel series has been aired for example in Tove Jansson's home country Finland (but only in Finnish dub), Israel, Norway and Poland. The sequel series has never been dubbed to English and it hasn't been aired on CBBC. Producer Dennis Livson was later highly critical towards the sequel series and stated that "we had nothing left to mine from by way of Tove’s own stories."[4]

Theme songs

  • Opening
  1. "To the World of Dream" (夢の世界へ, Yume no Sekai he) (ep: 1 - 52)
  2. "The Song of Magic" (おまじないの歌, Omajinai no Uta) (ep : 53 - 78)
  3. "Heso Magarincho" (ヘソまがりんちょ, Heso Magarincho) (ep : 79 - 104)
  • Ending
  1. "Far Longing" (遠いあこがれ, Tōi Akogare) (ep : 1 - 52)
    • Singer: Emiko Shiratori / Lyricist: Emiko Shiratori / Composer: Sumio Shiratori / Arranger: Masatsugu Watanabe
  2. "Someday, Have a Nice Trip" (いつかすてきな旅, Itsuka Suteki na Tabi) (ep : 53 - 104)
    • Singer: Emiko Shiratori / Lyricist: Emiko Shiratori / Composer: Emiko Shiratori / Arranger: Masatsugu Watanabe

Films

Main article: Comet in Moominland (film)

After the broadcast of the sequel series, a theatrical animated film Comet in Moominland was first released as a triple-feature with two unrelated shorter films on August 8, 1992 in Japan. Based on Tove Jansson's second Moomin novel of the same name, the animated film works as a prequel to the 1990 anime series. While being unreleased for English, Comet in Moominland has been dubbed to several European languages. A modernized version of the film was released in 2020 to coincide with the 75th anniversary of the Moomin franchise.[13]

After Tove Jansson's death, the series' producer Dennis Livson was planning to make a second film based on Moominpappa at Sea but Tove Jansson's niece Sophia Jansson didn't give him permission for it.[4]

Home releases

In Japan, the series was released both as individual DVD volumes and box sets by Victor Entertainment. A Blu-ray Disc Box Set was also released on December 21, 2012.[14]

During the 1990s, a selected number of episodes of the English dub were released on VHS, and in 2005 a R2 DVD of the first five episodes, entitled Moomin Mania was released by Maverick Entertainment, but was later discontinued. As of 2009, four DVD volumes has been released in the UK by STAX Entertainment, while Telescreen has released eight volumes and two box sets for the American market. These boxsets only go up to Episode 52 however, they do not include episodes 53-78. At this time there is currently no home release of English versions of these episodes.

In the Nordic countries, the series was released by Svensk Filmindustri and by Finnkino and VL-Media in Finland. In 2017 VL-Media started publishing on DVD new remastered and re-dubbed version of the series.

Video games

There are several video games based on directly the 1990 anime series. Most of them excluding Moomin's Tale, remain exclusive releases in Japan.

Title Details
Mūmin no sutekina purezento[15]

Original release date(s):
 Release years by system:
1991—Terebikko
Notes:
  • Developed and published by Bandai, 30-minutes interactive video anime based on the show released for Terebikko system. The VHS console game system allowed viewers to interact with the anime using a telephone-shaped microphone to answer multiple choice questions.
Jidou Eiken Taiou Moomin to Eigo: Tanjoubi no Okurimono

Original release date(s):[16]
  • JP: June 24, 1995
 Release years by system:
1995—Sega Pico
Notes:
Ninni - det usynlige barnet (Ninny - the Invisible Child)

Original release date(s):
 Release years by system:
1996—Windows
Notes:
  • Developed by Norsk Strek A/S
  • Published by Nordic Softsales.
Vinter i Mummidalen (Winter in the Moomin Valley)

Original release date(s):
 Release years by system:
1997—Windows
Notes:
  • Developed by Norsk Strek A/S
  • Published by Nordic Softsales.
Mummi: Jakten på trollkarlens rubin (Moomin: Hunt for the Hobgoblin's Jewel)

Original release date(s):
 Release years by system:
1998—Windows
Notes:
  • Developed by Norsk Strek A/S
  • Published by Nordic Softsales.
Moomin’s Tale

Original release date(s):[17]
  • EU: December 1, 2000
  • JP: June 30, 2000
 Release years by system:
2000—Game Boy Color
Notes:
  • Developed by Sunsoft.
  • Published by Sunsoft Games.[18]
  • European release of the game is simplified from the Japanese release by shifting placements of certain chapters. Certain features are completely removed or limited such as the playable hub-world, as each chapter contains different numbers of levels.
Moomin Tani no Okurimono

Original release date(s):[19]
  • JP: November 19, 2009
 Release years by system:
2009—Nintendo DS
Notes:

Soundtracks

The music score of Moomin is composed by Sumio Shiratori and the original theme song as well as other singing heard in the series is performed by his wife Emiko Shiratori. From episodes 1-52, the opening theme is "Yume no Sekai he" (夢の世界へ) and the closing theme is "Tooi akogare" (遠いあこがれ), both of them having the vocals performed by Emiko Shiratori and composed by Sumio Shiratori. From episodes 53-78, the opening theme is "Omajinai no uta" (おまじないのうた) performed by "Ponpin-tai ~Moomin-dani no Nakamatachi~" group and the closing theme is "Itsuka suteki na tabi" (いつかすてきな旅) sung by Emiko Shiratori. The sequel series' opening theme is "Hesomagarincho" (ヘソまがりんちょ) by Ado Mizumori and Tyrone Hashimoto and the ending recycles the "Itsuka suteki na tabi" theme by Emiko Shiratori. Outside Japan, the international version had been aired with different opening and ending theme songs, which are composed by Dutch composer Pierre Kartner. The Nepalese dub of the series has both themes sung by Nepalese singer Deepesh Kishor Bhattarai.

There are four soundtrack albums and several single releases of both the first 1990 and sequel series, all of which are exclusively released in Japan. The first albums "Delightful Moomin Family Vol.1" (楽しいムーミン一家Vol.1) and "Delightful Moomin Family - Departure of Snufkin" (楽しいムーミン一家~スナフキンの旅立ち) were released on 1990, both having background music from the series along with storylines in between tracks narrated by Emiko Shiratori.[20][21] The third album "Moomin Selection" (ムーミン・セレクション~ムーミン主題歌集~) from 1992 is basic soundtrack album that includes the opening, ending, and background music from the series.[22] The fourth album "Delightful Moomin family - Best Selection" (「楽しいムーミン一家」ベスト・セレクション) was released on 2014 along with same tracks from previous albums with addition of new music tracks.[23] All albums and singles in Japan are released by King Records.

References

  1. ^ a b c Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2006). The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 (Revised and Expanded ed.). Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. p. 428. ISBN 978-1933330105.
  2. ^ Toole, Michael (23 October 2011). "The Mike Toole Show - Anime... Or Not?!". Anime News Network. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  3. ^ Brubaker, Charles (5 March 2014). "The Animated History of "Moomin"". Cartoon Research. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d "Helsingin Sanomat - Tuomas Kaseva: Snufkin and the sea: Moomin animator at 60". Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  5. ^ "An interview to Naokazu Ōkubo, TV Tokyo WBS chief producer" Nikkei Media Marketing, 28 October 2020
  6. ^ the PAGE. 15:51, 22 February 2014
  7. ^ "Real reason of the production of legends of TV Tokyo" Wedge, 16 November 2018
  8. ^ "Tanoshii Moomin Ikka (TV)". imdb.com
  9. ^ "Tanoshii Moomin Ikka (TV)". animenewsnetwork.com
  10. ^ "YLE Vintti", yle.fi
  11. ^ "Iltalehti", iltalehti.fi
  12. ^ "Svenska röster och credits: I Mumindalen", dubbningshemsidan.se
  13. ^ "Finnkino - Muumipeikko ja pyrstötähti". 2020-09-03. Archived from the original on 2020-09-03. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  14. ^ "楽しいムーミン一家 Blu-ray BOX" – via Amazon.
  15. ^ 販 生産終了品 てれびっこシリーズ（バンダイ） （おもちゃ屋トイショップ メルヘン） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-08-23.
  16. ^ "Jidou Eiken Taiou Moomin to Eigo: Tanjoubi no Okurimono". Sega Retro. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  17. ^ "Moomin's Tale". GameFAQs. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  18. ^ "Moomin's Tale". IGN. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  19. ^ "Moomin Tani no Okurimono". GameFAQs. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  20. ^ "楽しいムーミン一家Vol.1". Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  21. ^ "楽しいムーミン一家~スナフキンの旅立ち". Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  22. ^ "ムーミン・セレクション~ムーミン主題歌集~". Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  23. ^ "「楽しいムーミン一家」ベスト・セレクション". Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
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