UR-100N
| UR-100N SS-19 Stiletto | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | ICBM |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1975–present |
| Used by | Russian Strategic Missile Troops |
| Production history | |
| Designer | NPO Mashinostroyeniya |
| Manufacturer | Khrunichev Machine-Building Plant |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 105.6 tonnes |
| Length | 27 metres |
| Diameter | 2.5 m |
| Warhead | SS-19 Mod 3: up to 6 MIRVs[1] SS-19 Mod 4: 1 Avangard HGV[1] |
| Blast yield | 400 kt (Mod 3),[2] 5 Mt (Mod 2) |
| Engine | two-stage liquid fuel |
Operational range | 10,000 km |
Guidance system | inertial |
The UR-100N, also known as RS-18A is an intercontinental ballistic missile in service with Soviet and Russian Strategic Missile Troops. The missile was given the NATO reporting name SS-19 Stiletto and carries the industry designation 15A30.
Development
Development of the UR-100N began at OKB-52 in 1970 and flight tests were carried out from 1973 through 1975. In 1976, the improved UR-100NUTTKh (SS-19 Mod 3) version entered development with flight tests in the later half of the decade. The rocket's control system was developed at NPO "Electropribor"[6] (Kharkiv, Ukraine).
Description
The UR-100N is a fourth-generation silo-launched liquid-propellant ICBM similar to the UR-100 but with much increased dimensions, weights, performance, and payload. The missile was not designed to use existing UR-100 silos, and therefore had new silos constructed for it.
The missile has a preparation time to start of 25 minutes, a storage period of 22 years, and 6 MIRVs.[7]
Operational history
The UR-100N reached initial operating capability in 1974, and by 1978 an inventory of 190 launchers were reached. In 1979, the UR-100UTTKh became operational and by 1983 had replaced many older missiles and reached maximum inventory of 360 launchers. This had fallen to 300 by 1991, and with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many in Ukraine became property of that nation. 170 remained in Russia, although treaty obligations required the rearming of the missiles with single warheads. As of 2018, the Strategic Missile Troops had 20 (or more likely just 10) SS-19s in active service.[8] Recent political developments have led to rearmament of the missiles with the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs), with the HGV-carrying version of the missile having SS-19 Mod 4 designation.[9][1] On 27 December 2019, the first missile regiment armed with the Avangard HGV officially entered combat duty.[10]
The units previously held by Ukraine have been returned to Russia or decommissioned.
US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center estimates that as of June 2017 about 50 Mod 3 launchers were operationally deployed.[11]
Civil application
The UR-100N forms the basis of the Rokot space launch system, which was used in several successful launches in the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), and one failed launch of the ESA CryoSat satellite in 2005. After the failure, Rockot launches were suspended. Once the cause was unambiguously identified and corrective measures implemented, Rockot returned to active service on 28 July 2006, with the successful launch of an earth observation satellite for South Korea.
START-1 Treaty
The START I treaty was signed by the Soviet Union in 1991. The treaty required the Soviet Union to begin the process of dismantling nuclear warheads and the launchers used for SS-19 missiles.[12] The Soviet Union had 300 100NUTTH missiles stationed in both Russia and Ukraine: 130 deployed in Ukraine and the rest scattered around Russia.[13] After the fall of the USSR, Ukraine claimed ownership of all the missiles locating in its territory. Ukraine then began dismantling launchers for the SS-19 missiles in compliance with the START 1 treaty. Nuclear warheads that were deployed in Ukraine were also dismantled following terms of the treaty.[14]
Operators
The Strategic Missile Troops are the only operator of the UR-100N. As of March 2020[15], 2 silo-based SS-19 Mod 4 missiles are deployed with:
Former operators
- The Armed Forces of Ukraine inherited a number of missiles from the Soviet Union and rapidly turned them over to Russia.
See also
- Strategic Missile Troops
- RS-24 Yars
- RS-26 Rubezh
- RS-28 Sarmat
- R-36 (missile)
- RT-2PM Topol
- RT-2PM2 Topol-M
- LGM-30 Minuteman
- DF-5
- DF-41
References
- ^ a b c Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (4 March 2019). "Russian nuclear forces, 2019". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 75 (2): 73–84. doi:10.1080/00963402.2019.1580891.
- ^ "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". bos.sagepub.com.
- ^ a b "RD-0233, RD-0234, RD-0235, RD-0236, RD-0237. Intercontinental ballistic missiles RS-18". KBKhA. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ a b Zak, Anatoly. "UR-100N Family". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "RD-0237". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "Krivonosov, Khartron: Computers for rocket guidance systems". web.mit.edu.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (30 April 2018). "Russian nuclear forces, 2018". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 74 (3): 185–195. Bibcode:2018BuAtS..74c.185K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2018.1462912.
- ^ xavier. "Russia launched serial production of Avangard hypersonic missile - March 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry - Defense Security global news industry army 2018 - Archive News year". armyrecognition.com.
- ^ "Первый ракетный полк "Авангарда" заступил на боевое дежурство". TASS (in Russian). 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ http://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19
- ^ Goodby, James (1998). Europe undivided: the new logic of peace in U.S.-Russian relations. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. p. 81.
- ^ Pike, John. "UR-100N / SS-19 STILLETO". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
- ^ Podvig, Pavel (2004). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. MIT. p. 223.
- ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (9 March 2020). "Russian nuclear forces, 2020". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 76 (2): 73–84. doi:10.1080/00963402.2020.1728985.
External links