List of potentially habitable exoplanets

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Grung0r (talk | contribs) at 04:07, 3 August 2020 (Reverted to revision 968013224 by ClueBot NG (talk): Vandalism (TW)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets and possible exoplanets. The list is based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1]


Surface planetary habitability is thought to require orbiting at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

Potential habitable zone status

Main article: Habitable zone

In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ or sometimes "ecosphere", "liquid-water belt", "HZ", "life zone" or "Goldilocks zone") is the region around a star where a planet with sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid water on its surface.[3][4]

A potentially habitable planet implies a terrestrial planet within the circumstellar habitable zone and with conditions roughly comparable to those of Earth (i.e. an Earth analog) and thus potentially favourable to Earth-like life. However, the question of what makes a planet habitable is much more complex than having a planet located at the right distance from its host star so that water can be liquid on its surface: various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, the radiation, and the host star's plasma environment can influence the evolution of planets and life, if it originated.[2]

In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way,[5][6] 11 billion of which may be orbiting Sun-like stars.[7]

A 2015 review concluded that the exoplanets Kepler-62f, Kepler-186f and Kepler-442b were likely the best candidates for being potentially habitable.[8] These are at a distance of 1,200, 490 and 1,120 light-years away, respectively. Of these, Kepler-186f is similar in size to Earth with a 1.2-Earth-radius measure and it is located towards the outer edge of the habitable zone around its red dwarf. The potentially habitable planet TOI 700 d is only 100 light years away.[9]

List from the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog

List of exoplanets in the conservative habitable zone

In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or simply the habitable zone, is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. Note that this does not ensure habitability, and that * represents an unconfirmed planet or planet candidate. Earth is included for comparison.[10]

Object Star Star type Mass (M⊕) Radius (R⊕) Flux (F⊕) Teq (K) Period (days) Distance (ly) Ref
Earth Sun (Sol) G2V 1.00 1.00 1.00 255 365.24 - [10]
Proxima Centauri b Proxima Centauri M6Ve ≥1.3 0.8 – 1.1 – 1.4 0.65 234 11.186 4.22 [11]
Gliese 667 Cc Gliese 667 C M3V ≥3.8 1.1 – 1.5 – 2.0 0.88 277 28.143 ± 0.029 23.62 [12][13]
Kepler-442b Kepler-442 K?V 8.2 – 2.3 – 1.0 1.34 0.70 233 112.3053 1291.6 [13]
Kepler-452b Kepler-452 G2V 19.8 – 4.7 – 1.9 1.50, 1.63 1.11 265+15
−13		 384.8 1402 [13][14]
Wolf 1061c Wolf 1061 M3V ≥ 4.3 1.1 – 1.6 – 2.0 1.36 275 17.9 13.8 [13]
Kepler-1229b Kepler-1229 M?V 9.8 – 2.7 – 1.2 1.4 0.49 213 86.8 769 [13]
Kapteyn b Kapteyn sdM1 ≥ 4.8 1.2 - 1.6 - 2.1 0.43 205 48.6 13 [13]
Kepler-62f Kepler-62 K2V 10.2 – 2.8 – 1.2 1.41 0.39 244 267.291 1200 [13][15]
Kepler-186f Kepler-186 M1V 4.7 – 1.5 – 0.6 1.17 0.29 188 129.9459 561 [13]
Luyten b Luyten's Star M3.5V 3.15 - 2.89 - 2.63 ~1.35 1.06 206-293 18.650 12.36 [16]
TRAPPIST-1d TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.30 0.78 1.04 258 4.05 39 [17][18]
TRAPPIST-1e TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.77 0.91 0.67 230 6.1 39 [17][18]
TRAPPIST-1f TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.93 1.046 0.38 200 9.2 39 [17][18]
TRAPPIST-1g TRAPPIST-1 M8V 1.15 1.15 0.26 182 12.4 39 [17][18]
LHS 1140 b LHS 1140 M4.5V 6.6 1.43 0.46 230 25 40 [19]
Kepler-1638b Kepler-1638 G4V 45 – 6 – 1 1.60 1.17 304 259.365 2491.83 [20]
Teegarden c Teegarden's Star M7V 1.11 0.37 11.4 12.58 [21]
Teegarden b* Teegarden's Star M7V 1.05 1.15 4.91 12.58 [21]

List of exoplanets in the optimistic habitable zone

This is a list of the exoplanets that do not orbit within the conservative habitable zone but are still orbiting inside the wider boundaries of the optimistic habitable zone, and so are usually less likely to maintain surface liquid water.[22] Note that this does not ensure habitability, and that * represents an unconfirmed planet or planet candidate.

Object Star Star type Mass (M⊕) Radius (R⊕) Flux (F⊕) Teq (K) Period (days) Distance (ly) Ref
Kepler-296e Kepler-296 K7V 12.5 – 3.3 – 1.4 1.5 1.22 337.0±17.5 34.1 737 [13][23]
Kepler-62e Kepler-62 K2V 18.7 – 4.5 – 1.9 1.6 1.10 270±15 122.4 1200 [13][24]
Gliese 832 c Gliese 832 M2V ≥ 5.4 1.2 – 1.7 – 2.2 1.00 253; 233–280 35.7 16 [13]
K2-3d K2-3 M0V 11.1 1.5 1.46 300 44.6 137 [13][25]
Kepler-1544b Kepler-1544 K2V 31.7 - 6.6 - 2.6 1.8 0.90 248 168.8 1138 [13]
Kepler-283c Kepler-283 K5V 35.3 – 7.0 – 2.8 1.8 0.90 248 92.7 1741 [13]
Tau Ceti e Tau Ceti G8.5V ≥ 3.93 1.1 – 1.6 – 2.0 1.61 285 163 12 [13]
Gliese 180 c Gliese 180 M2V ≥ 6.4 1.3 – 1.8 – 2.3 0.79 239 24.3 38 [13]
Kepler-440b Kepler-440 K6V 41.2 – 7.7 – 3.1 1.9 1.43 273 101.1 851 [13]
Gliese 180 b Gliese 180 M2V ≥ 8.3 1.3 – 1.9 – 2.4 1.23 268 17.4 38 [13]
HD 40307 g HD 40307 K2.5V ≥ 7.1 1.3 – 1.8 – 2.3 0.68 227 197.8 42 [13]
Gliese 163 c Gliese 163 M3.5V ≥ 7.3 1.3 – 1.8 – 2.3 0.66 230; 277 25.6 49 [13]
K2-18b K2-18 M2.8V ? – 16.5 – 6.0 2.2 0.94 272±15 32.9 111 [13][26]
Kepler-61b Kepler-61 K7V ? – 13.8 – 5.2 2.2 1.27 258, 273±13 59.9 1063 [13][27]
Kepler-443b Kepler-443 K3V ? – 19.5 – 7.0 2.3 0.89 247 177.7 2540 [13]
Kepler-22b Kepler-22 G5V ? – 20.4 – 7.2 2.04; 2.4 1.11 262 289.9 619 [13][28]
Gliese 422 b Gliese 422 M3.5V ≥ 9.9 1.4 – 2.0 – 2.6 0.68 231 26.2 41 [13]
K2-9b K2-9 M?V ? – 16.8 – 6.1 2.2 1.38 284±14, 314+67
−64		 18.4 359 [13][29]
Gliese 3293 c Gliese 3293 M2.5V ≥ 8.6 1.4 – 1.9 – 2.5 0.60 223 48.1 59 [13]
Kepler-298d Kepler-298 K5V ? – 26.8 – 9.1 2.5 1.29 271 77.5 1545 [13]
Kepler-174d Kepler-174 K3V ? – 14.8 – 5.5 2.2 0.43 206 247.4 1174 [13]
Kepler-296f Kepler-296 K7V 28.7 – 6.1 – 2.5 1.8 0.34 198, 274.0±15.0 63.3 737 [13][30]
Gliese 682 c Gliese 682 M3.5V ≥ 8.7 1.4 – 1.9 – 2.5 0.37 198 57.3 17 [13]
KOI-4427 b* KOI-4427 M0V 38.5 – 7.4 – 3.0 1.8 0.24 179 147.7 782 [13]
Kepler-1090b Kepler-1090 K0V ? – 16.8 – 6.1 2.3 1.20 267 198.7 2289 [13]
Ross 128 b Ross 128 M4V ≥1.5 ~1.1 1.38 280 9.8658 (± 0.0070) 11.03 [31]
HD 20794 e 82 G. Eridani G8V 4.77+0.96
−0.86		 331.41 20 [32]
Gliese 625 b Gliese 625 M2V 2.82±0.51 14.628 21.3 [33]
HD 219134 g* HD 219134 K3V >10.81 1.5 - 2.4 - 3.0 ? 298 94.2 21.35 [34]

Previous candidates

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[35][36] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet within the HZ,[37][38] and it is now considered non-habitable.[13]

Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[39] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[40] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[13]

Similarly, Tau Ceti f was initially considered potentially habitable,[41] but the improved model of the circumstellar habitable zone places the planet exterior to the outer limits of habitability, so it is now considered non-habitable.[13]

Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable, with highest ESI of 0.88; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable. [13]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[42]

Gallery

Notable exoplanets – Kepler Space Telescope
Confirmed small exoplanets in habitable zones.
(Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, Kepler-186f, Kepler-296e, Kepler-296f, Kepler-438b, Kepler-440b, Kepler-442b)
(Kepler Space Telescope; 6 January 2015).[43]
Comparison of small planets found by Kepler in the habitable zone of their host stars.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Habitable Exoplanets Catalog". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  2. ^ a b Lammer, H.; Bredehöft, J. H.; Coustenis, A.; Khodachenko, M. L.; et al. (2009). "What makes a planet habitable?" (PDF). The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 17 (2): 181–249. Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..181L. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  3. ^ "VPL Glossary". washington.edu.
  4. ^ "The Goldilocks Zone". NASA. 2 October 2003. Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  5. ^ Overbye, Dennis (4 November 2013). "Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy". New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  6. ^ Petigura, Erik A.; et al. (31 October 2013). "Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (48): 19273–19278. arXiv:1311.6806. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019273P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319909110. PMC 3845182. PMID 24191033. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  7. ^ Khan, Amina (4 November 2013). "Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  8. ^ Gilster, Paul; LePage, Andrew (30 January 2015). "A Review of the Best Habitable Planet Candidates". Centauri Dreams, Tau Zero Foundation. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  9. ^ AFP, Ivan Couronne & Issam Ahmed. "NASA Discovers Potentially Habitable Earth-Sized World in Star's 'Goldilocks' Zone". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  10. ^ a b Méndez, A.; González-Espada, W. (2016). Searching for Habitable Worlds: An Introduction. IOP Concise Physics. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-68174-401-8. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  11. ^ Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" (PDF). Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27558064.
  12. ^ Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P. (2014). "Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (4): 3540–3549. arXiv:1307.6984. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.3540F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2148.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak PHL's Exoplanets Catalog – Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
  14. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-452 b". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  15. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62f". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  16. ^ N. Astudillo-Defru (March 17, 2017), "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 602: A88, arXiv:1703.05386, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630153
  17. ^ a b c d Delrez, Laetitia; Gillon, Michael; H.M.J, Amaury; Brice-Oliver Demory, Triaud; de Wit, Julien; Ingalls, James; Agol, Eric; Bolmont, Emeline; Burdanov, Artem; Burgasser, Adam J.; Carey, Sean J.; Jehin, Emmanuel; Leconte, Jeremy; Lederer, Susan; Queloz, Didier; Selsis, Franck; Grootel, Valerie Van (9 January 2018). "Early 2017 observations of TRAPPIST-1 with Spitzer". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (3): 3577–3597. arXiv:1801.02554. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475.3577D. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty051.
  18. ^ a b c d Grimm, Simon L.; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Gillon, Michael; Dorn, Caroline; Agol, Eric; Burdanov, Artem; Delrez, Laetitia; Sestovic, Marko; Triaud, Amaury H.M.J.; Turbet, Martin; Bolmont, Emeline; Caldas, Anthony; de Wit, Julien; Jehin, Emmanuel; Leconte, Jeremy; Raymond, Sean N.; Van Grootel, Valerie; Burgasser, Adam J.; Carey, Sean; Fabrycky, Daniel; Heng, Kevin; Hernandez, David M.; Ingalls, James G.; Lederer, Susan; Selsis, Franck; Queloz, Didier (5 February 2018). "The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 613: A68. arXiv:1802.01377. Bibcode:2018A&A...613A..68G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732233.
  19. ^ Dickinson, David (19 April 2017). "Welcome to LHS 1140b: A Super-Earth in the Habitable Zone". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  20. ^ Torres, Guillermo; Kane, Stephen R.; Rowe, Jason F.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Henze, Christopher E.; Ciardi, David R.; Barclay, Thomas; Borucki, William J.; Buchhave, Lars A. (2017). "Validation of Small Kepler Transiting Planet Candidates in or near the Habitable Zone". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (6): 264. arXiv:1711.01267. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..264T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa984b.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  21. ^ a b Caballero, J. A.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Dreizler, S.; Zechmeister, M.; et al. (18 June 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 627: A49. arXiv:1906.07196. Bibcode:2019A&A...627A..49Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. ISSN 0004-6361.
  22. ^ Garner, Rob (2019-09-11). "Hubble Finds Water Vapor on Habitable-Zone Exoplanet for 1st Time". NASA. Retrieved 2019-12-06.
  23. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296e". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  24. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62e". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  25. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-3d". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  26. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-18 b". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  27. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-61 b". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  28. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-22 b". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  29. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-9b". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  30. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296 f". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  31. ^ Wenz, John (15 November 2017). "A potentially habitable planet has been discovered just 11 light-years away". Astronomy. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  32. ^ Feng, Fabo; Tuomi, Mikko; Jones, Hugh R. A. (May 16, 2017), "Evidence for at least three planet candidates orbiting HD20794", Astronomy & Astrophysics, A103: 1, 9, arXiv:1705.05124, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730406
  33. ^ "HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG: V. A super-Earth on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 625". A. Suárez Mascareño , J. I. González Hernández , R. Rebolo, S. Velasco, B. Toledo-Padrón, L. Affer , M. Perger, G. Micela, I. Ribas, J. Maldonado , G. Leto , R. Zanmar Sanchez , G. Scandariato , M. Damasso , A. Sozzetti , M. Esposito , E. Covino , A. Maggio , A. F. Lanza , S. Desidera, A. Rosich , A. Bignamini, R. Claudi, S. Benatti, F. Borsa, M. Pedani, E. Molinari, J. C. Morales , E. Herrero , and M. Lafarga (May 18, 2017).
  34. ^ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: HD 219134 g". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  35. ^ Kaltenegger, L.; et al. (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?". arXiv:1108.3561. Bibcode:2011arXiv1108.3561K. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ^ Mendez, Abel (1 August 2012). "Five Potential Habitable Exoplanets Now" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  37. ^ Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; et al. (2013). "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates". The Astrophysical Journal. 765 (2): 131. arXiv:1301.6674. Bibcode:2013ApJ...765..131K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131.
  38. ^ Mendez, Abel (29 January 2013). "A New Habitable Zone" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  39. ^ Barclay, Thomas; et al. (2013). "A super-Earth-sized planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone around Sun-like star". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2): 101. arXiv:1304.4941. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101.
  40. ^ Kane, Stephen R.; et al. (2013). "A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System". The Astrophysical Journal. 770 (2): L20. arXiv:1305.2933. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770L..20K. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20.
  41. ^ Mendez, Abel (28 December 2012). "Two Nearby Habitable Worlds?" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  42. ^ "Kepler Candidate Overview Page: KOI-1686.01". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  43. ^ Clavin, Whitney; et al. (6 January 2015). "NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets&oldid=970917447"