List of lost films
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For this list of lost films, a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived. For films in which any portion of the footage remains (including trailers), see List of incomplete or partially lost films.
Reasons for loss
Films may go missing for a number of reasons. One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s. This type of film is highly flammable, and there have been several devastating fires, such as the Universal Pictures fire in 1924, the 1937 Fox vault fire and the 1965 MGM vault fire.[1]
Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions.[2] Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt.[2] Occasionally, a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version.[2] Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space.[3]
Statistics on lost films
Martin Scorsese's Film Foundation claims that "half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90% of films made before 1929 are lost forever."[4] Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80–90% of silent films are gone;[5] the film archive's own list contains over 3,500 lost films.
A study by the Library of Congress states that 75% of all silent films are now lost.[6] While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high,[7] it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced.
For example, roughly 200 out of over 500 Méliès' films and 350 out of over 1,000 of Alice Guy's films survive.
Notable lost films
Amongst the films commonly mourned among critics and film historians are early films by noted directors and films of unique cultural importance. The Mountain Eagle was the second film to be directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1926; the silent melodrama has been described by the British Film Institute as their "most wanted" lost film.[8] London After Midnight, directed by Tod Browning in 1927, was a silent-era vampire film that is seen as the 'holy grail' of lost films by collectors.[9] Hollywood, a silent comedy film directed by James Cruze, featured over 30 cameo appearances from major stars of the day, including Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Astor and Pola Negri, but no footage exists.[10] Films with all-African American casts produced by Ralph Cooper, including Bargain with Bullets starring Theresa Harris and While Thousands Cheer starring Kenny Washington, are also considered lost.[11]
Silent films
1890s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1896 | Arrivée d'un train gare de Vincennes | Georges Méliès | A French short documentary | [12] | |
L'Arroseur (a.k.a. Watering the Flowers) | Georges Méliès | A short comedy | [13] | ||
Barque sortant du port de Trouville | Georges Méliès | [14] | |||
Bateau-mouche sur la Seine | Georges Méliès | [15] | |||
Bébé et fillettes | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [16] | ||
Les Blanchisseuses | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [17] | ||
Bois de Boulogne (Porte de Madrid) | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [18] | ||
Bois de Boulogne (Touring Club) | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [19] | ||
Boulevard des Italiens | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [20] | ||
Campement de bohémiens (The Bohemian Encampment) | Georges Méliès | A short documentary | [21] | ||
Les chevaux de bois | Georges Méliès | [22] | |||
Le chiffonnier | Georges Méliès | ||||
Couronnement de la rosière | Georges Méliès | [24] | |||
Déchargement de bateaux | Georges Méliès | [25] | |||
Jardinier brûlant des herbes | Georges Méliès | [26] | |||
Jetée et Plage de Trouville (first and second parts) | Georges Méliès | [27][28] | |||
Jour de marché à Trouville | Georges Méliès | [29] | |||
Gestoorde hengelaar | M.H. Laddé | The first Dutch fictional film | [30] | ||
Spelende kinderen | M.H. Laddé | [31] | |||
Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam | M.H. Laddé | [32] |
1900s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | Solser en Hesse | M.H. Laddé | The first film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians Lion Solser and Piet Hesse | [33] | |
1903 | Hiawatha, the Messiah of the Ojibway | Joe Rosenthal | Believed to be the first Canadian fiction film | [34] | |
1906 | Solser en Hesse | M.H. Laddé | The second film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians Lion Solser and Piet Hesse | [35] | |
1907 | Salaviinanpolttajat | Louis Sparre, Teuvo Puro |
Teppo Raikas, Teuvo Puro, Jussi Snellman, Eero Kilpi, Axel Rautio |
The first Finnish fiction film. Some sources also consider it to be the first Russian fiction film, as Finland was a part of the Russian Empire until 1917. | [36] |
1908 | The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays | Francis Boggs, Otis Turner | L. Frank Baum | First adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and several of its sequels. Shown only in roadshow engagements as part of a live theater presentation, the print decomposed and was discarded.[citation needed] | [37] |
1908 | The Music Master | Wallace McCutcheon, Sr. | D. W. Griffith | Most of D. W. Griffith's early appearances as an actor in Biograph films have been preserved, minus this title. | [38] |
1908 | La Tosca | André Calmettes | Sarah Bernhardt | The second film starring Bernhardt, the best known stage actress of the 1880s-1900s. Based on the play by Victorien Sardou that was adapted into an opera by Giacomo Puccini. | [39] |
1910s
1920s
Sound films
- From 1929 on, films are "all-talking" unless otherwise specified.
1920s
1930s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1930 | An Elastic Affair | Alfred Hitchcock | Short film made by Hitchcock for an awards ceremony at the London Palladium in January 1930 | [60] | |
The Big Party | John G. Blystone | Sue Carol, Dixie Lee | [45] | ||
Cock o' the Walk | Walter Lang | Arturo S. Mom, Frances Guihan | |||
Bride of the Regiment | John Francis Dillon | Vivienne Segal, Walter Pidgeon | All-Technicolor musical drama, only the soundtrack survives on Vitaphone discs | [45] | |
Cameo Kirby | Irving Cummings | J. Harold Murray, Norma Terris | [45] | ||
The Cave of the Silken Web II | Dan Duyu | Yin Mingzhu | Silent. Chinese film. Original title: 续盘丝洞 (Xù pán xī dong). Sequel to the 1927 The Cave of the Silken Web (which itself had been thought to have been lost, but was rediscovered in 2013) | ||
College Lovers | John G. Adolfi | Marion Nixon, Jack Whiting | Musical comedy | [45] | |
Fellers | Austin Fay, Arthur Higgins | Arthur Tauchert, Les Coney | An Australian comedy | [61] | |
Kismet | John Francis Dillon | Otis Skinner, Loretta Young | A lavish costume drama in the early widescreen process known as Vitascope. The complete soundtrack exists on Vitaphone discs. | [62] | |
Let's Go Places | Frank R. Strayer | Frank Richardson, Dixie Lee | [45] | ||
Lilies of the Field | Alexander Korda | Corinne Griffith, Ralph Forbes | [45] | ||
Lord Richard in the Pantry | Walter Forde | Richard Cooper, Dorothy Seacombe | Included on the British Film Institute's "75 Most Wanted" list of lost British feature films | [63] | |
One Mad Kiss | Marcel Silver | José Mojica, Antonio Moreno | [45] | ||
No, No, Nanette | Clarence G. Badger | Bernice Claire, Alexander Gray | Part-Technicolor musical comedy. The soundtrack discs and the trailer survive. | [45][64] | |
Song of the Flame | Alan Crosland | Bernice Claire, Noah Beery | All-Technicolor musical drama, the first color film featuring widescreen, and Academy Award nominee for Best Sound. Sound discs for five of the nine reels exist. | [45] | |
1931 | Alam Ara | Ardeshir Irani | Master Vithal, Zubeida, Jilloo, Sushila, Prithviraj Kapoor | The first Indian sound film | [65] |
Charlie Chan Carries On | Warner Oland, Hamilton MacFadden | An alternate Spanish-language version, featuring a different cast, exists | [66] | ||
Deadlock | George King | Stewart Rome, Marjorie Hume, Warwick Ward | On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list | [67] | |
Hobson's Choice | Thomas Bentley | James Harcourt, Viola Lyel, Frank Pettingell | On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [68] | |
Kalidas | H. M. Reddy | T. P. Rajalakshmi, P. G. Venkatesan, L. V. Prasad | First sound film in Tamil cinema, as well as in South Indian cinema | [69][70] | |
Peludópolis | Quirino Cristiani | Argentine production; the world's first animated feature film with sound, using a primitive sound-on-disc system | [71] | ||
Two Crowded Hours | Michael Powell | John Longden, Jane Welsh, Jerry Verno | Powell's directorial debut | [72] | |
1932 | Charlie Chan's Chance | John G. Blystone | Warner Oland | Sixth film of the Charlie Chan series and third with Warner Oland | [73] |
Men of Tomorrow | Zoltan Korda, Leontine Sagan | Maurice Braddell, Joan Gardner | Robert Donat's film debut; on the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [74] | |
The Missing Rembrandt | Arthur Wontner | Second film in the Sherlock Holmes series | [75][76] | ||
Tonendes ABC | László Moholy-Nagy | Experimental film; the negative was scratched by hand. Seen by Norman McLaren in the 1930s | [77] | ||
1933 | Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka | Kenzō Masaoka | First sound anime | [78] | |
Convention City | Archie Mayo | Joan Blondell Dick Powell Adolphe Menjou Mary Astor |
A pre-Code film produced by First National–Warner Bros. | [45] | |
Night in the City | Fei Mu | Ruan Lingyu Jin Yan |
Fei Mu's debut | ||
Two Minutes Silence | Paulette McDonagh | Frank Bradley, Campbell Copelin, Marie Lorraine | Australia's first anti-war movie | [61] | |
Wasei Kingu Kongu | Torajiro Saito | Isamu Yamaguchi | Japanese short film based on King Kong | [79] | |
1934 | Jail Birds of Paradise | Al Boasberg | Dorothy Appleby, Moe Howard, Curly Howard | The only lost Three Stooges film | [80] |
Murder at Monte Carlo | Errol Flynn | Flynn's debut film in the UK | [81] | ||
Ragazzo | Ivo Perilli | Costantino Frasca, Isa Pola, Osvaldo Valenti | Screening was banned by Fascist authorities before the premiere, and the film was subsequently stored at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. During the Germans' retreat in 1944, the center was looted and set on fire. | [82][83] | |
The Scarab Murder Case | Wilfrid Hyde-White | A Philo Vance film | [84] | ||
1935 | The Magic Shoes | Peter Finch | Completed, but never released | [61] | |
Obeah! | F. Herrick Herrick | Jean Brooks, Phillips Lord | Released in February 1935 | [85] | |
1936 | The Oregon Trail | John Wayne | Stills were found in 2013 | [86] | |
The Adventures of Pinocchio | Raoul Verdini, Umberto Spano | Unfinished film intended to be the first animated feature film from Italy. Only the original script and a couple of still frames survive. | [87] | ||
1937 | Terang Boelan | Albert Balink | Rd. Mochtar, Roekiah | Romance film from the Dutch East Indies; the colony's biggest commercial success | [88] |
1938 | Buzzy Boop at the Concert | Dave Fleischer | Mae Questel | A lost cartoon which stars Buzzy Boop, the cousin of Betty Boop | |
King Kong Appears in Edo | Sōya Kumagai | Eizaburo Matsumoto | Likely lost during World War II | [89] | |
Nad Niemnem | Wanda Jakubowska and Karol Szolowski | The Nazi regime liked the artistic value of the movie, but could not allow the screening of a picture so firmly rooted in Polish history. It was dubbed and re-edited, changing it to pro-German propaganda. Stefan Dekierowski informed the Polish underground, and the remaining three copies (out of five total) were hidden in winter 1939; the movie is believed to be lost. | |||
1939 | The Good Old Days | Roy William Neill | Max Miller, Hal Walters, Kathleen Gibson | On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [90] |
Secreto de confesión | Lost during the bombing of Manila during World War II |
1940s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | Harta Berdarah | R Hu, Rd Ariffien | Zonder, Soelastri | Indonesian action film. Screened until at least July 1944 | [91] |
Kedok Ketawa | Jo An Djan | Fatimah, Basoeki Resobowo, Oedjang | Union Films' first production. Screened until at least August 1944 | [91] | |
1941 | Asmara Moerni | Rd Ariffien | Adnan Kapau Gani, Djoewariah, S. Joesoef | Indonesian romance film. Screened until at least November 1945 | [91] |
Bajar dengan Djiwa | R Hu | A Bakar, Djoewariah, O Parma, Oedjang, RS Fatimah, Soelastri, Zonder | Indonesian drama film. Screened until at least October 1943 | [91] | |
Soeara Berbisa | R Hu | Raden Soekarno, Ratna Djoewita, Oedjang, Soehaena | Screened until at least February 1949, longer than any other Union Films production, and the only Union picture known to have been shown post-World War II | [91] | |
Wanita dan Satria | Rd Ariffien | Djoewariah, Ratna Djoewita, Hidajat, Z. Algadrie, Moesa | [91] | ||
1942 | Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus | Spencer Williams | |||
Mega Mendoeng | Boen Kim Nam | Raden Soekarno, Oedjang, Boen Sofiati, Soehaena | Union Films' final production before the studio closed ahead of the impending Japanese occupation | [91] | |
1943 | Squadron Leader X | Lance Comfort | Eric Portman, Ann Dvorak | On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [92] |
1944 | Red Sky at Morning | Hartney Arthur | Peter Finch, John Alden | [61] | |
1945 | Flight from Folly | Herbert Mason | Patricia Kirkwood, Hugh Sinclair | Screen debut of stage star Kirkwood. On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [93] |
1945 | We Accuse | Joseph H. Zarovich | Everett Sloane, narr. | One of the first feature-length American Holocaust documentaries released after Liberation, with narration scripted by John Bright, screenwriter for The Public Enemy (1931) and She Done Him Wrong (1933) | [94] |
1948 | The Betrayal | Oscar Micheaux | The director's final production | [95] |
1960s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | Linda | Don Sharp | Carol White, Alan Rothwell | On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [96] |
1961 | Cranks at Work | Ken Russell | English. Russell's short 35mm film about the choreographer John Cranko | [97] | |
1963 | Andy Warhol Films: Jack Smith Filming Normal Love | Andy Warhol | Jack Smith | This home movie, which may have been Warhol's first film, was seized by the New York City police in March 1964 and has since disappeared. | [98] |
Farewell Performance | Robert Tronson | David Kernan, Frederick Jaeger, Delphi Lawrence |
On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [99] | |
1967 | Batman Fights Dracula | Leody M. Diaz | Jing Abalos, Dante Rivero | A Filipino parody made without the permission of DC Comics, which owns the copyright for the character of Batman | [100] |
Israel: A Right to Live | John Schlesinger | Director Schlesinger shot this film for producer Harry Saltzman. Alan Rosenthal claims that "hours of film had been shot and edited, but nobody liked the result. Israel was too triumphant, too out of keeping with the changed mood. It had a few showings and then passed into oblivion." On the other hand, William J. Mann claims that Schlesinger never finished the documentary, "due to 'creative differences' with the BBC." Cinematographer Anthony B. Richmond claimed in 2011 that he has never been able to find a copy of the documentary. | |||
1968 | Las Noches del Hombre Lobo | René Govar | Paul Naschy | The second in a series of films featuring the character of Count Waldemar Daninsky, it was never publicly screened or seen by anyone, Naschy included. It is suspected by some to be a hoax. | [101] |
1970s
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1972 | Nobody Ordered Love | Robert Hartford-Davis | Ingrid Pitt, Tony Selby | All known prints believed destroyed upon the director's death at his request. On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films | [102] |
1973 | Romusha | Herman Nagara | Rofi'ie Prabancana, A. Hamid Arief | This film about Japanese war crimes in occupied Indonesia was destroyed just before its release by the period regime, following a protest from the Japanese embassy. | [103] |
1973 | Prem Parbat | Ved Rahi | Satish Kaul, Hema Malini | According to the film's director, the print of the film has long since degraded to the point of being unusable. | [104] |
1974 | Him | Ed D. Louie | Tava | Pornographic film about the life of Jesus Christ, previously believed to be a hoax | [105] |
See also
- Bezhin Meadow, an unfinished Soviet film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. The reels were destroyed during a World War II bombing raid in 1941.
- List of rediscovered films
References
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- ^ a b c Jo Botting. "Lost Then Found". British Film Institute (screenonline.org.uk). Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ^ Robert A. Harris, public hearing statement to the National Film Preservation Board of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., February 1993.
- ^ "Group's rescue of old films preserves glimpse into past". The Film Foundation/The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- ^ "Why". Deutsche Kinemathek. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
- ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (December 4, 2013). "Most of America's Silent Films Are Lost Forever". The Wire. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
- ^ Slide, Anthony (2000). Nitrate Won't Wait: History of Film Preservation in the United States. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0786408368. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
It is often claimed that 75 percent of all American silent films are gone and 50 percent of all films made prior to 1950 are lost, but such figures, as archivists admit in private, were thought up on the spur of the moment, without statistical information to back them up.
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- ^ The First Dutch Film: Gestoorde hengelaar Archived October 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, EYE Film Institute Netherlands
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- ^ Swartz, Mark Evan (2002). Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz on Stage and Screen to 1939. JHU Press. p. 162. ISBN 9780801870927. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
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- ^ Duckett, Victoria (2015). "Performance and Silent Film". Seeing Sarah Bernhardt: Performance and Silent Film. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252081163. JSTOR 10.5406/j.ctt16ptnj1.
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- ^ Neibaur, James L. (July 6, 2012). The Silent Films of Harry Langdon (1923-1928). Scarecrow Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780810885318. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. Oxford University Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-0195088113. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
- ^ "The Argyle Case". silentera.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
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- ^ Pictorial History of the Talkies c.1958,1970 & 1980 and other years, by Daniel Blum
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- ^ Bradley, Edwin M. (2004). The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932. McFarland. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-7864-2029-2.
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- ^ "South Sea Rose". silentera.com.
- ^ "Speakeasy". silentera.com.
- ^ "Stark Mad". silentera.com.
- ^ Kerzoncuf, Alain (February 2009). "Alfred Hitchcock and The Fighting Generation". Senses of Cinema (49).
- ^ a b c d "Australia's 'Lost' Films". National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ^ "Kismet". Deutsche Kinemathek. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
- ^ "Lord Richard In The Pantry / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
- ^ Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. Oxford University Press. p. 453. ISBN 9780195088113.
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- ^ Hanke, Ken (1990). Charlie Chan at the Movies: History, Filmography, and Criticism. McFarland. p. 6.
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- ^ Hanke, Ken (2004). Charlie Chan at the Movies: History, Filmography, and Criticism. McFarland. p. 21. ISBN 978-0786486618. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ "Men of Tomorrow / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
- ^ "The Missing Rembrandt".
- ^ McMullen, Kieran (October 11, 2012). The Many Watsons. Andrews UK Limited. p. 89. ISBN 9781780923048.
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- ^ "Murder at Monte Carlo / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Corto in Corto : Ivo Perilli". Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^ "The Scarab Murder Case". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
- ^ Rhodes, Gary D. (2001). White Zombie: Anatomy of a Horror Film. McFarland. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-786-42762-8.
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{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ Hall, Phil (March 1, 2007). "Top 10 Lost Films". Film Threat (Gore Group Publications). Retrieved February 17, 2008.
- ^ "The Good Old Times / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Heider 1991, p. 14.
- ^ "Squadron Leader X". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
- ^ Jo Botting. "Lost Then Found". British Film Institute Screenonline. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
- ^ Victoria Khiterer and Erin Magee. "Aftermath of the Holocaust and Genocides". Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ Moos, Dan (Autumn 2002). "Reclaiming the Frontier: Oscar Micheaux as Black Turnerian — Critical Essay". African American Review. 36 (3). Saint Louis University: 357–381. doi:10.2307/1512202. JSTOR 1512202. (HighBream subscription required)
- ^ "Linda / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ "Ken Russell: The Monitor Years".
- ^ "Andy Warhol chronology". Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^ "Farewell Performance / BFI Most Wanted". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ F.G. Hablawi. "The Quest for "Batman Fights Dracula"". NonProductive. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
- ^ "Las noches del hombre loco". Lost Films (an initiative of the Deutsche Kinemathek). Retrieved April 5, 2015.
- ^ "BFI 75 Most Wanted: Nobody Ordered Love". British Film Institute. BFI. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ Pudjiarti, Hadriani (December 13, 2013). "Selain Soekarno, Ini Film Sejarah yang Dilarang". Tempo.
- ^ Avijit Ghosh (2013). 40 RETAKES. Westland. p. 11. ISBN 978-93-83260-31-7.
- ^ ""Lost Movie Detective: Him". To Obscurity and Beyond..." Retrieved June 7, 2015.
Works cited
- Heider, Karl G (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1367-3.
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