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Kaduna State

Coordinates: 10°20′N 7°45′E / 10.333°N 7.750°E / 10.333; 7.750
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Kaduna State
State
Flag of Kaduna State
Flag
Nicknames: 
Centre of Learning
Location of Kaduna State in Nigeria
Location of Kaduna State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 10°20′N 7°45′E / 10.333°N 7.750°E / 10.333; 7.750
Country Nigeria
Date created27 May 1967
CapitalKaduna
Government
 • Governor[3]Mallam Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai (APC)
 • Deputy GovernorHadiza Sabuwa Balarabe
 • Senators
 • RepresentativesList
 • Chief JudgeMuhammadu Lawal Bello[2]
Area
 • Total46,053 km2 (17,781 sq mi)
 • Rank4th of 36
Population
 (2006 census)1
 • Total6,113,503[1]
 • Rank3rd of 36
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2007
 • Total$13.33 billion[4]
 • Per capita$1,666[4]
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
8000014
ISO 3166 codeNG-KD
HDI (2018)0.514[5]
low · 24th of 37
Website[1]
^1 Preliminary results

Kaduna State is the 18th state of Federal Republic of Nigeria located in the northwest zone of the country. It takes its name for the capital of Kaduna, hence it is usually referred to as Kaduna State to distinguish the two. It is ranked 4th by land area and 3rd by population in Nigeria. The state capital was the former capital city of the British protectorate of Northern Nigeria region (1923-1966) after Zungeru (1903–1923) and Lokoja (1897–1903). Other major urban areas include Zaria, Kagoro, Kafanchan, Kachia, Nok, Makarfi, Birnin Gwari and Zonkwa.[6]

Etymology

The word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word '"Kada' for “crocodile and the plural is "Kadduna" for crocodiles, as there were previously many crocodiles in the river Kaduna.[7]” Another version of the etymology of the name is a narrative linked to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna' for River Kaduna.[8] in the coat of arm of the state there is a symbol of crocodile, and majority of emblem related to the state use crocodile as a symbol. The state football club Kaduna United F.C. use The Crocodiles as a nickname.[9]

History

It is indicative that the name, Kaduna, was taken up by Lord Frederick Lugard and his colonial colleagues when they moved the capital of the then Northern Region from Zungeru to Kaduna city in 1916. This move of the colonial office to Kaduna city started in 1912-1918/20 with the initial effort having been made in 1902 from Jebba to Zungeru.

At the start of British colonial rule in northern Nigeria the people groups who live in the area became 'Northern Nigerians'- a construct which continues even today. By 1967 these people groups again were carved into 'North Central State'; this was the case until 1975 that 'Kaduna State' was formerly created by the then military leader, Gen. Murtala Mohammed, with all distinct identities amalgamated into one state without a referendum. The state hence is the successor of the old Northern Region of Nigeria, which had its capital at Kaduna which is now the state capital to about 6.3 million people (Nigerian census figure, 2006).

In 1967, the old Northern Region was divided into six states in the north, leaving Kaduna as the capital of North-Central State, whose name was changed to Kaduna State in 1976. Meanwhile, Kaduna State was further divided in 1987, creating Katsina State. Under the governance of Kaduna are the ancient cities of Zaria, Kafanchan, and Nok, the area where Africa's earliest civilization is recorded to have been excavated. The most intriguing aspect of this area is that the colonial construction and its post-colonial successor called 'Nigeria' hardly documented the history or the method of how Kaduna state's people groups encompassed in these constructs define and identify themselves as such the people groups who populate the area have lived in near oblivion or obscurity as they often are thought of as Hausa people. In 2019 Kaduna State celebrate 100 years anniversary, making it one of the oldest state in Nigeria.[10]

Zazzau is said to have been founded since 1536 and later was renamed after the prominent Queen Zaria known as Amina, the Hausa people of Zaria are said to be the old ancestral of the region.[11]

Geography

The state is located at the Northern part of Nigeria's High Plains. The vegetation cover is Sudan Savannah type, characterized by scattered short trees, shrubs and grasses. The soil is mostly loamy to sandy type. A substantial amount of clay is found also. Its northern half became Katsina state in 1987. The state is bordered by seven states.[12] The state was ranked number four by total area of land and number three by population. The Kaduna River, a tributary of River Niger, flows through the state. There are rocky stones in Zaria and Kogoro Hill, a Hill that a lot of legendary stories are told about it.

Kaduna River

Government

The current governor of Kaduna state legally under the control of Kaduna State Executives, Kaduna State House of Assembly and Kaduna State Judiciary the current elected governor of the state is Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai and his deputy Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe[13][14] In the state there 14 ministries that operate with the state government to improve the state, they are Ministries of Kaduna State.

Local Government Areas

See also: List of villages in Kaduna State

Kaduna State consists of twenty-three (23) Local Government Areas. They are:

s/n Local Government Area Zone Total Area Political Chairman Population Density
1 Birnin Gwari
2 Chikun
3 Giwa
4 Igabi
5 Ikara
6 Jaba
7 Jema'a
8 Kachia
9 Kaduna North
10 Kaduna South
11 Kagarko
12 Kajuru
13 Kaura
14 Kauru
15 Kubau
16 Kudan
17 Lere
18 Makarf
19 Sabon Gari
20 Sanga
21 Soba
22 Zangon Kataf
23 Zaria

Economics

The Kaduna State economy was ranked 15th largest state in Nigerian economy from 2002 to 2008, and it made up 3.3% of Nigerian GDP. While agriculture contributed 30% of SGDP in Kaduna.[15] Kaduna state cultivate cotton and peanuts (groundnuts) for exporting and domestic extraction of Peanut oil. In the state there is National Institute of Leather and Technology, to improve modern technology and traditional method.[7][16][17][18][19]

Sun-dried tomato and pepper farm, Hunkuyi, Kaduna State.

Media

In Kaduna State there are many means of communucation through mass media, broadcasting, internet communication and banking transaction, in Kaduna State there are a 21 radio stations and more than 4 television broadcasting, many of them are own by the state government or federal government and few are private, the following are list of radio stations in Kaduna.

s/n Name ( A.M ) Frequency Motto
1 Brila FM 88.9
2 Kada 2 FM, Kaduna (KSMC) 89.9
3 Rockside FM, Kafanchan (KSMC) 89.9
4 Capital Sounds FM, Kaduna (KSMC) 90.9
5 Liberty Radio (English) Kaduna 91.7
6 Karama FM, Kaduna (FRCN) 92.1
7 Freedom Radio FM, Kaduna 92.9
8 Vision FM Kaduna 92.5
9 FCE Zaria FM. 93.7
10 Queen FM, Zaria (KSMC) 94.1
11 Supreme FM, Kaduna (FRCN) 96.1
12 Alheri Radio FM, Kaduna 97.7
13 ASU FM (Kaduna State University Radio) 98.5
14 Invicta FM, Kaduna 98.9
15 Human Right Radio Kaduna 99.9
16 BU Samaru FM,Zaria. 101.1
17 Teachers Radio (Nigeria Institute of Teachers NTI) 102.5
18 Spider FM (Kaduna Polytechnic Radio) 102.7
19 Liberty Radio (Hausa) Kaduna 103.1
20 Ray Power FM Kaduna 106.5
21 Demographics 106.5

[20][21][22][23][24]

Ethnic groups

Kaduna State is populated by about 59 to 63 different ethnic groups, if not more, with the exactitude of the number requiring further verification through genuine field work [Hayab, 2014]. The question as in the last paragraph with the Hausa and Fulani as the dominant ethnic groups followed by at least 60 others. These groups include:

S/N Ethnic Group Origin Area
1 Abinu (dubbed Binawa)
2 Ada (dubbed Kuturmi)
3 Adara (dubbed Kadara)
4 Agbiri (dubbed Gure)
5 Akurmi (labelled Kurama by the Hausa)
6 Anghan (dubbed Kamanton by the Hausa)
7 Amo
8 Aniragu (dubbed Kahugu)
9 Aruruma (named Ruruma by the Hausa)
10 Asholio (dubbed Moro'a)
11 Atachaat (dubbed Kachechere)
12 Atuku
13 Atyap (dubbed Kataf by the Hausa)
14 Ayu
15 Bajju (dubbed Kaje by the Hausa)
16 Bakulu (Ikulu by the Hausa)
17 Bhazar (named Koro)
18 Bur (Sanga)
19 Dingi
20 Fantswam (dubbed Kafanchan)
21 Fulani
22 Gbagyi-Gbari (Gwari in Hausa) Southern Kaduna
23 Gwandara
24 Gwong (Kagoma in Hausa)
25 Ham (dubbed Jaba in Hausa, which is a derogatory name)
26 Hausa
27 Jangi (dubbed Gwari by the Hausa)
28 Kaivi (dubbed Kaibi)
29 Kanufi
30 Kanuri
31 Kigono
32 Kinugu
33 Kitimi
34 Kiwafa
35 Kiwollo
36 Koro
37 Kubvori (dubbed Surubu)
38 Mada (Mardan) Mada must have migrated during colonial rule
39 Marghi Borno
40 Nandu
41 Nduyah
42 Numana
43 Nindem
44 Ningeshe
45 Ninkyop
46 Ninzo
47 Nyenkpa (Yeskwa)
48 Oegworok (dubbed Kagoro)
49 Pikal
50 Pitti
51 Ribang
52 Rishuwa
53 Rumada
54 Ruruma
55 Rumayya
56 Shemawa
57 Siyawa (Bauchi state?)
58 Takad (dubbed Attakar)
59 Tarri
60 Tsam (dubbed Chawai)

Religion

The main religions in the area of Kaduna State are Christianity and Islam. while some minority ethnics practice traditional worshiping, mostly in the southern area of the state, the people living in kaduna state has a firm strong faith on the both side, as such cause two religious crisis in the state[25] in 2001 and 2002 called Miss World riots.

Christianity

Available records show that Christian mission activities in the area began formally in the 1900s with the establishment of Sudan Interior Mission (S.I.M.) in the Ham town of Har Kwain (Kwoi), hence today these people groups are Mainly Christians. Culturally, the people groups of the then southern Zaria who are now Southern Kaduna, with some exception it must be acknowledged, share a lot in the cultural practices of marriage rites, naming, burial, farming, social organisations, kinship, etc. Until full scale research is undertaken, the diversity of Kaduna state remains blurred as some ethnic groups are so small in population that they are often overshadowed by the larger groups who live near them.[26] There are several churches across the state this include Roman Catholic Diocese of Zaria, Roman Catholic Diocese of Zaria, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna, Roman Catholic Diocese of Kafanchan and Megachurch.

Islam

A view of Kaduna Central Mosque (Sultan Bello Mosque)

The Muslims have their central mosque in Kaduna metropolis known as Sultan Bello Mosque .The Jama’t Izalat al Bid’a Wa Iqamat as Sunna and Jamatu Nasril Islam main branch is located in Kaduna metropolis. Also, the prominent Tijaniyyah leader Sheikh Dahiru Usman is in Kaduna, Furthermore,The Nigerian Islamic Movement (Nigeria) mover known as Ibrahim Zakzaky has his main branch in Zaria Kaduna State.

Languages

LGA Languages
Birnin Gwari Acipa, Eastern; Gbagyi; Kamuku; Rogo; Shama-Sambuga
Chikun Gbagyi
Giwa Hausa
Igabi Hausa and Gbagyi
Ikara Hausa and T'kurmi
Jaba Ashe; Duya; Hyam
Jema'a Ashe; Berom; Duya; Fantswam; Gyong; Hyam ; Jju; Kanufi; Mada; Kyoli Nikyob-Nindem; Ninzo; Nungu; Nyankpa; Shamang; Tyap; Tyuku Zhire; Numana
Kachia Adara; Doka; Gbagyi; Hyam; Iku-Gora-Ankwa; Ikulu; Jju; Nghan; Koro Wachi; Kuturmi; Shamang; Tyap; Zhire
Kagarko Ashe; Duya; Gbagyi; Koro Wachi
Kajuru Adara; Ajiya; Kuce; Gbagyi; Shuwa-Zamani
Kaura Gworok; Iten; Takad; Sholyio; Tyap and Tyecarak (Tyecaat)
Kauru Abisi; Bina; Dungu; Jere; Ikulu; Kaivi; Kinuku; Koono; Mala; Rigwe; Ruma; Sheni; T'kurmi; Tsam; Tumi; Tyap; Vono; Vori and Hausa
Lere Amo; Bina; Janji; Lemoro; Lere; Sanga; Tugbiri-Niragu and Hausa
Makarfi Hausa
Sabon Gari Hausa
Sanga Ahwai; Ayu; Bu; Gwandara; Hasha; Ninzo; Numana; Nungu; Sambe; Sha; Toro
Soba Hausa and Gbagyi
Zangon Kataf Ikulu; Jju; Nghan; and Tyap; Tyecarak (Tyecaat)
Zaria Hausa

Other languages in Kaduna State are Bacama, Firan, Sambe.[27] Almost all of these languages are spoken in Southern Kaduna.

Education

Kaduna is one of the largest centres of education in Nigeria, the slogan of the state is Center of Learning because of the present of many institution like; Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. There are many government school, include primary schools and secondary schools, all secondary schols in kaduna is own by either the state government, federal government or private organisation. there are many tertiary institution in the state. Zaria has the Ahmadu Bello University established (1962). The state also has colleges for transportation and agriculture.[7]

Universities and Institutes

Secondary schools and colleges

Architecture

The National Museum which was built in (1975) with archaeological and ethnographic exhibitions, the Kajuru Castle, Lugard Hall, Zaria walls and Gates and Nok settlements . in the state there are many architectural buildings like Ten storey, Ahmadu Bello Stadium, Murtala Square, Investment house, kaduna central market, Sultan Bello Mosque and so on. The palace of emire of Zazzau is one the oldest traditional buildings in Kaduna state.[28][29]

The entrance gate of Zazzau

Traditional Architecture

In Kaduna State there are a lot of ethnic groups, which lead to the variation of culture and architectural style, this include the city wall of Zaria. The walls constructed during the reigns of Queen Amina of Zazzau protected the city and they are between 14 and 16 km long, and are closed by 8 gates, Also the Emir's Palace of Zaria is an important traditional heritage. The palace's interior is populated by many luxurious fashion interiors. The St. Bartholomew's Church Zaria, built by the Church Missionary Society in 1929 still stands strong like a rock in Zaria, the church was build base on Hausa traditional architecture.

Modern Architecture

The view of kajuru castle

Modern architecture is present in the state as a result of civilization and development, majority of these architectural buildings were build by federal government or state government, while the residential ones are majority build by individuals, these buildings include, Ahmadu Bello Stadium, Ten storey building, Investment house, federal secretary, Ranchers Bees Stadium, Murtala square and so on.

Health

Kaduna State has over 1,000 primary healthcare facilities to cater to every resident - even in the most remote village or ward of the state. To further improve on healthcare delivery, in 2016, the Kaduna State Government partnered with the UK Department For International Development (DFID) to install over 1.3 Mega Watts of Solar Systems in primary healthcare facilities across the state.[30]

Sports

In Kaduna State many sports are played, such as football,[31] golf, swimming, traditional wrestling and handball.[32][33] The Kaduna State government run a football club called Kaduna United F.C., the club participate in playing Nigerian Professional Football League but are under relegation.[34]

Entertainment and Tourism

In Kaduna State an annual festival is organized by Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kaduna State), the festival exposes folklore talent and through these process, to promote unity and encourage tourism and build culture in the State, it takes place in November or December of every year,[35] Cultural activities include: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha perform by the Muslims in the state, the Tuk Ham, the Afan the Christmas and Easter Celebrations as well as the Kallan-Kowa celebrations.Kaduna has a museum and a park, the Kofar Gamji park and Zoo. Lord Lugard's Residence, is also a tourist attraction and it currently houses the state assembly.[35]

Entertainments

  • Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha:This celebration is scheduled on the 1st of Shawwal and the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah respectively according to the Islamic Calendar for 3 days usually in Kaduna, Usually, Muslims all over the world celebrate the end of the Ramadan fasting period and the conclusion of he Hajj (Pilgrimage) rites. Most of the Emirates in Kaduna State and other parts of the northern Emirates celebrate it with a colourful Hausa traditional dressing, horse decoration and Durbar[disambiguation needed].[35]
  • Christmas Celebrations:This takes place in every December 25/26 in Kaduna State to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ by Christians all over the State.[35]
  • Easter Celebrations: It takes place in every April/May of every year to remember the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ by all Christians in Kaduna State.[35]
  • Afan Festival:Is a celebration on every 1 January, in Kagoro, the festival has assumed an international standard with the sons and daughters of Aegworok land coming together to discuss issues that required their attention and to show their extreme cultural heritage.[35]
  • Kalankuwa Cultural Festival:It is a purely cultural festival that is celebrated in northern part of the state. It is a celebration to thank the lord for giving a good harvested farm crops and to celebrate the season, it is celebrated in (Nov/Dec.), young men and women are coming together, in a peaceful manner and friendly mode, to entertain themselves. It is celebrated in Bomo Village, Samara, in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of the State.[35] Other small festivals include the following:
  • Batadon Festival
  • Durbar Festival
  • Kaduna State Festival of Arts and Culture
  • Kalankuwa Cultural Festival
  • Moro’a Cultural Festival
  • Ninzo Cultural Festival
  • The Zunzuk Dance
  • Tuk-Ham Festival
  • Unum-Akulu Festival
    Kamuku Park part of a tourism attraction

Tourism

Annual Festivals include[36]

Notable people

  • River Kaduna
    River Kaduna
  • Waterfalls in Kafanchan
    Waterfalls in Kafanchan
  • Matsirga waterfalls Kaduna
    Matsirga waterfalls Kaduna
  • Kamuku National Park Kaduna
    Kamuku National Park Kaduna
  • ABU senatorial building
    ABU senatorial building
  • Ten Storey Building in Ahmadu Bello way Kaduna
    Ten Storey Building in Ahmadu Bello way Kaduna
  • Major planted flower
    Major planted flower
  • Kajuru Castle
    Kajuru Castle
  • Night mode transportation in Kaduna city
    Night mode transportation in Kaduna city
  • Kaduna city bus
    Kaduna city bus
  • Ahmadu Bello way in the city of Kaduna
    Ahmadu Bello way in the city of Kaduna
  • Green car in Kaduna city
    Green car in Kaduna city

See also

References

  1. ^ "2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION". population.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  2. ^ "Website of the High Court of Kaduna Judiciary".
  3. ^ See List of Governors of Kaduna State for a list of prior governors
  4. ^ a b "C-GIDD (Canback Global Income Distribution Database)". Canback Dangel. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  5. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  6. ^ "Kaduna State – Explore Nigeria". Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  7. ^ a b c "Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  8. ^ Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University.
  9. ^ "Kaduna United F.C.", Wikipedia, 2019-12-06, retrieved 2020-04-12
  10. ^ "Kalli hotunan bikin cika shekara 100 da kafa Kaduna". BBC Hausa (in Hausa). 17 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Zaria | Nigeria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
  12. ^ "Kaduna | state, Nigeria". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  13. ^ "Meet Hadiza Balarabe, the first female deputy governor of Kaduna State". Within Nigeria. 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  14. ^ "StackPath". leadership.ng. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  15. ^ "Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 | Eldis". www.eldis.org. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  16. ^ "Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 | Eldis". www.eldis.org. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  17. ^ "Economy • Kaduna State Bureau of Statistics". Kaduna State Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  18. ^ "Elrufai ya bma kswn bbci waadin kwna uku". BBC News Hausa. 8 March 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ "An fara rusa kasuwan bacci". BBC News Hausa. 10 March 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ Nwabueze, Chinenye. "List Of Radio Stations In Kaduna State and Their Frequencies (2019) – MassMediaNG". Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  21. ^ "Kaduna State Nigeria Radio Stations". Africa Charts. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  22. ^ "Liberty Radio Station Kaduna". Radio.org.ng. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  23. ^ "Channels Info". nbc.gov.ng. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  24. ^ "Channels Info". nbc.gov.ng. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  25. ^ "Religion in Kaduna State", Wikipedia, 2020-03-04, retrieved 2020-03-26
  26. ^ http://www.onlinenigeria.com/map.gif
  27. ^ "Nigeria". Ethnologue (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  28. ^ Hotels.ng. "Kajuru Castle". Kajuru Castle | Hotel in Kajuru | Hotels.ng. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  29. ^ "Kajuru castle".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ "Energy | Kaduna State Government". www.kdsg.gov.ng. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
  31. ^ "New Kaduna United FC Chairman pledges to promote club - Premium Times Nigeria". 2018-02-05. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  32. ^ "Kaduna Golf club's huge honour for Omoluwa". guardian.ng. 9 March 2018. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  33. ^ Ekwere, Enobong Dennis; Kaduna (2018-08-10). "Poor state of Kaduna's Murtala Square". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  34. ^ "LMC fines Kaduna United, bans Supporters Club". Vanguard News. 2014-04-19. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Adeleke, Dr Wale. "Kaduna State Festival of Arts and Culture - KADUNA STATE". NaijaSky. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  36. ^ "Festivals in Kaduna State – Explore Nigeria". Retrieved 2019-07-28.

Sources

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