Jebli Arabic

Jebli
Jebelia
Native to	Morocco
Ethnicity	Jbalas, Ghomaras, Sanhajas de Srayr
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Semitic Arabic Maghrebi Arabic Pre-Hilalian Jebli
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(included in ary)
Glottolog	jebl1238
Ethnolinguistic map of northern Morocco: purple represents Jebli-speaking areas, blue represents other pre-Hilalian Arabic-speaking areas (old Urban, Zerhoun and Sefrou area)

Jebli (Jebelia) is a pre-Hilalian Arabic dialect spoken in the mountains of northwestern Morocco.

The historical development of this Moroccan dialect is unclear.

The word jebli means "of/from the mountain". It is mainly spoken in the western and southern Rif by tribes of Sherifian, Berber and Morisco descent over the past ten centuries.

• Jbalas: all its 44 tribes speak Jebli Arabic;
• Ghomaras: out of nine tribes, seven are fully Jebli-speaking, the two remaining are partially Jebli-speaking, with a significant Ghomara Berber-speaking community;
• Sanhajas de Srayr: two Jebli-speaking tribes – Ketama and Aït Seddat – out of ten tribes, the remaining (eight) speak Sanhaja Berber;
• Riffians: out of twenty tribes, six are fully or partially Arabophone; among them, five speak Mountain Arabic − Targuist, Aït Itteftf, Aït Boufrah, Mestasa and Metioua − while the last one (Settout) speak Hilalian Arabic;
• Ghiatas, Maghraouas and Meknassas: the three tribes –that aren't part of any larger confederacy– are fully Jebli-speaking;
• Tribes of Zerhoun (Zerahnas) and the neighborhood of Sefrou (Kechtala, Behalil and Yazgha): although not belonging to the same ethno-linguistic group than Jebalas, their pre-Hilalian dialects are sometimes classified as belonging to the same macro-family (westernmost pre-Hilalian village dialects) as Jebli.

Jebli is heavily influenced by Berber; the grammar of Jebli is almost Berber while most of the words are Arabic. The vocabulary is highly influenced by Spanish.

Examples of Jebli

Jebli	English translation	Source language/etymology
trawzez	blue jeans	trousers (English)
assallas	darkness	asellas "darkness" (Berber)
karretēra	car road	carretera "paved road/highway" (Spanish)
ntina	you	(Classical Arabic)
âyyəl, ṭfel	boy	عائلة "family" (Classical Arabic); cf. Egyptian Arabic: ˤayyel "child"
sṭiṭu	little	(Berber)
ħami	warm	حام "feverish" (Classical Arabic); cf. Iraqi Arabic: ħɑ̄mi "warm"
qayla	sun	قائلة "resting" (spec. at noon time); due to the time of rest when the sun was at its highest point at noon (Classical Arabic)
jjro	dog	jaru "puppy" (Classical Arabic)
yəmma	mom	(Berber)

See also

• Varieties of Arabic
• Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects
• Maghrebi Arabic
• Jijel Arabic