Landes (department)

For other uses, see Landes (disambiguation).

Landes Lanas
Department
Prefecture building of the Landes department, in Mont-de-Marsan
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Landes in France
Coordinates: 44°0′N 0°50′W
Country	France
Region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Prefecture	Mont-de-Marsan
Subprefectures	Dax
Government
• President of the General Council	Henri Emmanuelli
Area 1
• Total	9,243 km2 (3,569 sq mi)
Population  (2016)
• Total	405,010
• Rank	60th
• Density	44/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number	40
Arrondissements	2
Cantons	15
Communes	327
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Landes (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃d]; Gascon: Lanas [ˈlanəs]) is a department in southwestern France and in the south half of the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

History

Landes is one of the original 83 departments that were created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.

During the first part of the nineteenth century large parts of the department were covered with poorly drained heathland (lande in French) which is the origin of its name. The vegetation covered rich soil and was periodically burned off, leaving excellent pasturage for sheep, which around 1850 are thought to have numbered between 900,000 and 1,000,000 in this area. The sheep were managed by shepherds who moved around on stilts and became proficient at covering long distances thus supported. Most of the sheep departed during the second half of the nineteenth century when systematic development of large pine plantations transformed the landscape and the local economy.

One of the most famous citizens of the Landes was the nineteenth-century French economist Frederic Bastiat.

The Nobel Prize–winning novelist François Mauriac set his novels in the Landes.

Geography

The Landes is part of the current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Gers, and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, as well as the Atlantic Ocean on the west. With an area stretching over more than 9000 km², Landes is, after Gironde, the second largest department of the metropolitan French territory.

It is well known for the Côte d'Argent beach which is Europe's longest, and attracts many surfers to Mimizan and Hossegor each year.

It is also home to a château called Château de Gaujacq that was built in 1686.

Demographics

Population development since 1801:

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1801	224,272	—
1806	240,146	+1.38%
1821	256,311	+0.44%
1831	281,504	+0.94%
1841	288,077	+0.23%
1851	302,196	+0.48%
1861	300,839	−0.04%
1872	300,528	−0.01%
1881	301,143	+0.02%
1891	297,842	−0.11%
1901	291,586	−0.21%
1911	288,902	−0.09%
1921	263,937	−0.90%
1931	257,186	−0.26%
1936	251,436	−0.45%
1946	248,395	−0.12%
1954	248,943	+0.03%
1962	260,495	+0.57%
1968	277,381	+1.05%
1975	288,323	+0.55%
1982	297,424	+0.44%
1990	311,461	+0.58%
1999	327,334	+0.55%
2006	362,827	+1.48%
2011	387,929	+1.35%
2016	405,010	+0.87%
source:

Politics

The President of the General Council is Xavier Fortinon.

Party		seats
style="background-color: Template:Socialist Party (France)/meta/color" |•	Socialist Party	24
style="background-color: Template:French Communist Party/meta/color" |•	French Communist Party	2
style="background-color: Template:Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color" |	Union for a Popular Movement	2
style="background-color: Template:New Centre/meta/color" |	New Centre	1
style="background-color: Template:Miscellaneous Right/meta/color" |	Miscellaneous Right	1

Current National Assembly Representatives

Constituency		Member	Party
style="background-color: Template:Democratic Movement (France)/meta/color" |	Landes's 1st constituency	Fabien Lainé	MoDem
style="background-color: Template:La République En Marche!/meta/color" |	Landes's 2nd constituency	Lionel Causse	La République En Marche!
style="background-color: Template:Socialist Party (France)/meta/color" |	Landes's 3rd constituency	Boris Vallaud	Socialist Party

Economics

In terms of agriculture, the Landes is known for its large pine forest which is the raw material for a timber and resin industries in the region. The forest was planted in the early nineteenth century to prevent erosion of the region's sandy soil by the sea.

Tourism

• 
  Mont-de-Marsan
• 
  Surfer in Hossegor
• 
  Beach near Messanges
• 
  Labastide-d'Armagnac
• 
  Landes forest, the largest maritime-pine forest in Europe

See also

• Cantons of the Landes department
• Communes of the Landes department
• Arrondissements of the Landes department

External links

• (in French) Prefecture website
• (in French) Conseil Général website
• (in English) Landes at Curlie