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Casualties of the Syrian civil war

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Doctors and medical staff treating injured rebel fighters and civilians in Aleppo

Estimates of deaths in the Syrian Civil War, per opposition activist groups, vary between 121,130[1][2] and 180,215.[3] On 22 August 2014, the United Nations put out an estimate of over 191,000 that had died in the war.[4]

UNICEF reported that over 500 children had been killed by early February 2012.[5][6] Another 400 children were reportedly arrested and tortured in Syrian prisons.[7][8] Both claims have been contested by the Syrian government.[9] Additionally, over 600 detainees and political prisoners died under torture.[10] The United Nations stated that by the end of April 2014, 8,803 children had been killed,[4] while the Oxford Research Group said that a total of 11,420 children died in the conflict by late November 2013.[11] By late August 2014, the opposition activist group Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported the number of children killed in the conflict had risen to 9,428, while at the same time 6,063 women were also killed.[3]

Overall deaths

Total deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)
Weekly deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)

The number of fatalities in the conflict, according to the Syrian opposition website Syrian Martyrs, is 114,466, updated to 31 August 2014.[12] The number includes 25,067 rebels but does not include members of the government security forces or pro-government foreign combatants who have died.[13] The Syrian Martyrs number of civilian deaths is significantly higher than the ones presented by other organisations, including the UN, one reason being they record deaths even when no name is given for the reportedly killed individual.[14]

Governorate Number of deaths
Latakia 1,088
Rif Dimashq 26,160
Homs 14,813
Hama 7,412
Al-Hasakah 868
Daraa 9,600
Aleppo 21,525
Deir ez-Zor 6,120
Damascus 8,199
Tartus 536
Quneitra 707
Idlib 11,616
As-Suwayda 78
Ar-Raqqah 1,519
Total 110,239[12]

Other estimates range from 121,130 to 191,370. Except for the SNHR figure, which excludes pro-government and ISIS fighters,[15] all of the following totals include civilians, rebels and security forces:

Source Casualties Time period
United Nations 191,369 killed[4] 15 March 2011 – 30 April 2014
Next Century Foundation 108,871 killed[16] 1 July 2012 – 31 May 2014
Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 180,215–260,215 killed[3] 15 March 2011 – 20 August 2014
Syrian Network for Human Rights 137,318 killed[17][18] 15 March 2011 – 31 August 2014
Center for Documentation of Violations 121,131 killed[1][2] 15 March 2011 – 20 September 2014

Al Jazeera journalist Nir Rosen reported that many of the deaths reported daily by activists are in fact armed insurgents falsely presented as civilian deaths, but confirmed that real civilian deaths do occur on a regular basis.[19] A number of Middle East political analysts, including those from the Lebanese Al Akhbar newspaper, have also urged caution.[20][21][22]

This was later confirmed when in late May 2012, Rami Abdulrahman of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which is one of the opposition-affiliated groups counting the number of those killed in the uprising, stated that civilians who had taken up arms during the conflict were being counted under the category of "civilians".[23][24][25]

In May 2013, SOHR stated that at least 41,000 of those killed during the conflict were Alawites.[26]

The Next Century Foundation offer an alternative analysis of casualty figures. Their calculations are made by using figures from the Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria (VDC), Syrian Shuhada (Syrian Martyrs), Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Local Coordination Committees of Syria (LCC) and Damascus Centre for Human Rights from June 2012 to the present. Figures for civilian, rebel and government casualties are calculated separately and added together for an overall total.[27]

Combatant deaths

Government forces

Pro-government combatants Casualties
Syrian military and police 40,438–75,000 killed[3][28]
Shabiha and National Defense Force 25,927–40,000 killed[3][28]
Lebanese Hezbollah 561 killed[3]
Other non-Syrian militiamen 1,854 killed[3]

The Syrian Army fatalities figure also includes at least 37 members of the Palestinian PLA.[29]

The non-Syrian Shiite militiamen fatalities figure includes at least: 500 Iraqi Shia militiamen,[30] 68 Iranian IRGC soldiers,[31][32][33] 24 Afghans[34] and one member of the Lebanese Amal Movement.[35]

Of the Palestinian militia deaths, at least 20 were PFLP–GC members.[36][37][38][39][40]

Except one death (August 2011),[41] all of the Hezbollah fatalities have occurred since September 2012.[42]

In early December 2013, rebels claimed that a pro-government Russian fighter was killed in fighting in Aleppo.[43]

In addition, 1,000 civilian government officials have also been killed.[44]

Opposition forces

Due to the opposition's policy of counting rebel fighters that were not defectors as civilians[23][24][25][45] a comprehensive number of rebels killed in the conflict, thus far, has not been ascertained. In late November 2012, the opposition activist group SOHR estimated that at least 10,000 rebels had been killed, but noted the possibility of the figure being higher because the rebels, like the government, were lying about how many of their forces had died to make it look like they were winning.[46] In March 2013, SOHR stated that the actual number of killed rebels and government forces could be double the number they were already able to document.[47]

Anti-government combatants Casualties
TOTAL 49,699[3]–115,000[48] killed
Foreign jihadists 16,855 killed[3]
Kurdish YPG 590 killed[49]

It should be noted that at least 130 rebel suicide bombers[50][51][52] and 86 rebel child soldiers[53] have been killed in the conflict.

Foreigners killed

Foreign civilians killed

Country Number of deaths
Palestinians 2,365[54]
Turkey 74[55]
Iraq 47[56][57][58][59]
Lebanon 42[56][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]
Jordan 26[56][67]
Saudi Arabia 23[56]
Somalia 15[67]
Egypt 12[56]
Libya 9[56]
Tunisia 9[56]
France 4[67]
Sudan 4[56]
United Kingdom 4[68][69][70]
Afghanistan 3[71]
Kuwait 3[56]
United States 3[56][72]
Australia 2[56]
Azerbaijan 1[56]
Belgium 1[56]
Greece 1[56]
Italy 1[73]
Japan 1[56]
Romania 1[56]
Russia 1[56]
Israel 1[56]
Yemen 1[56]
Netherlands 1[74]
Unknown 10[56]

Note: The Palestinian figure includes several dozens of Palestinian combatants from both sides and not just civilians.[75] 840 of the killed Palestinians were residents of the Yarmouk Camp.[76]

Foreign opposition fighters killed

16,855 foreign opposition fighters have been killed by late August 2014, according to the SOHR.[3]

9,936 foreign opposition fighters were killed by late December 2013, according to the Jihadist Salafist Movement in Jordan, with the nationalities being as follows: 1,902 Tunisians, 1,807 Libyans, 1,432 Iraqis, 828 Lebanese, 821 Egyptians, 800 Palestinians, 714 Saudis, 571 Yemenis, 412 Moroccans, 274 Algerians, 202 Jordanians, 91 Omanis, 71 Kuwaitis, 42 Somalis, 30 Albanians and Caucasians, 21 Bahrainis, 9 Emiratis, 8 Qataris, 3 Sudanese and 1 Mauritanian.[77] The London-based European Centre for Syria Research put the number of Saudis killed even higher at 729 a month earlier in November 2013.[78] The jihadist movement updated the number of Jordanians killed by late May 2014 to 342.[79]

According to Abu Omar al-Shishani, the Chechen ISIS commander, 500 militants from the Caucasus had been killed by mid-January 2014 since the start of the war.[80]

The nationalities of some others are as follows: 112 Azerbaijanis,[81][82] 90 Turks,[83][84] 57 Albanians,[85][86][87] 36 Frenchmen,[88] 19-31 Britons,[89][90][91] 30 Tajiks,[92] 22 Belgians,[93][94][95] 21 Germans,[96] 20 Bosniaks,[97][98] 16 Danes,[99] 13 Afghans,[56][100] 12 Swedes,[101] 12-19 Australians,[102][103][104] 10 Dutch,[105] 9 Americans,[106][107][108] 8-11 Norwegian,[109] 8 Russians,[110] 6 Canadians,[111] 4 Maldivians,[112] 3 Irishmen,[113][114] 3 Malaysians,[115] 3 Pakistanis,[116] 2 Chinese,[117] 2 Italians,[67][118] 2 Eritreans,[116] 2 Finns,[119] 2 Indonesians,[112][116] 2 Kyrgyz,[120] 2 Mauritanians,[121] 2 Uzbeks,[56][122] 1 Armenian,[116] 1 Austrian,[123] 1 Bulgarian,[122] 1 Chadian,[100] 1 Indian,[124] 1 Iranian,[116] 1 Israeli-Arab,[125] 1 Romanian[116] and 1 Spaniard.[126]

Foreign soldiers killed

56 foreign soldiers have been killed during the conflict.

Iraq On 2 March 2013, one Iraqi soldier was killed during clashes between Syrian rebels and government forces at a Syrian-Iraqi border crossing.[127] On 4 March 2013, 13 Iraqi soldiers were killed by unknown gunmen near the border with Syria while they were transporting 65 Syrian soldiers and government officials back to their country after they had retreated to Iraq a few days earlier. 48 of the Syrians were also killed in the attack.[128][129] On 9 June 2013, Syrian rebels attacked a southern Iraqi border post, killing one Iraqi guard and wounding two.[130] On 14 July 2013, another attack by fighters from the Syrian side of the border left one Iraqi policeman dead and five others wounded.[131]

Jordan A Jordanian soldier was killed in clashes with armed militants who were attempting to cross the border from Jordan into Syria on 22 October 2012.[132]

Lebanon On 1 February 2013, two Lebanese soldiers were killed, along with 1-2 militants, and six were wounded in clashes near the Syrian border which started after an attempt by the military to arrest an anti-Assad rebel commander, who was also killed.[133][134][135] On 28 May 2013, three Lebanese soldiers were killed in an attack on their checkpoint near the border town of Arsal by unknown militants who than fled over the border into Syria.[136] On 29 March 2014, three soldiers were killed and four wounded in a suicide bomb attack on their checkpoint near Arsal.[137] 19 soldiers were killed during the Battle of Arsal against Syrian and other foreign jihadists and a further three were captured and subsequently executed. On 19 September, two soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb near Arsal.[138]

Turkey Two members of the Turkish Air Force were killed when their F-4 Phantom II military jet was shot down near the Turkish-Syrian border by the Syrian Army on 22 June 2012.[139] On 2 May 2013, one Turkish border guard policeman was killed in a clash with smugglers or rebel fighters on the border between Turkey and Syria. According to the opposition, two rebels were killed as well.[140] In March 2014, a policeman and a soldier were killed in a shootout with foreign jihadists near the border with Syria.[141] On 22 July 2014, two soldiers were killed in a clash with Kurdish fighters on the border between Turkey and Syria. Six of the Kurds were killed as well.[142]

References

  1. ^ a b "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Violations Documenting Center - other statistics". Violations Documenting Center. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "More than 260 thousand killed and killed and been killed since the start of the revolution". Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "With more than 191,000 dead in Syria, U.N. rights chief slams global 'paralysis'".
  5. ^ "UNICEF says 400 children killed in Syria unrest". Google News. Geneva. Agence France-Presse. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  6. ^ "UNICEF: 500 children died in Syrian war". UPI.com. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  7. ^ "UNICEF says 400 children killed in Syria". The Courier-Mail. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  8. ^ Peralta, Eyder (3 February 2012). "Rights Group Says Syrian Security Forces Detained, Tortured Children: The Two-Way". NPR. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  9. ^ "Al-Jafari: Syria has Right to Protect its Citizen, Combat Terrorism and Armed Violence". Syrian Arab news agency. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  10. ^ Fahim, Kareem (5 January 2012). "Hundreds Tortured in Syria, Human Rights Group Says". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Bombs and guns ‘have killed 11,500 children’ in Syria, research shows, including some executed and tortured
  12. ^ a b "Syrian Martyrs". Free Syria. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  13. ^ "Number as a civil / military". Syrian Martyrs. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  14. ^ Khera, Jastinder (29 May 2012). "Syria crisis: Counting the victims". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  15. ^ The Death Toll for March 2014
  16. ^ [1][2][3]
  17. ^ The Total Number of Victims and The Death Toll for July
  18. ^ 2591 people were killed in August
  19. ^ Rosen, Nir (21 February 2012). "Q&A: Nir Rosen on Syria's armed opposition". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  20. ^ Sharmine Narwani (28 February 2012). "Questioning the Syrian "Casualty List"". Al-Akhbar. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  21. ^ "Eman El-Shenawi: Raising a brow at the Syrian death toll". Al Arabiya. 25 March 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  22. ^ "Observers in Syria: Time to separate civilians from insurgents?". Rt.com. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  23. ^ a b "More than 13,000 killed in Syria since March 2011: NGO". Agence France-Presse. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.[dead link]
  24. ^ a b Agence France Presse. "Syria violence kills 12 as revolt toll tops 14,100". Abs-cbnnews.com. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  25. ^ a b "Over 14,400 killed in 15-month Syria revolt". Thesundaily.my. Retrieved 8 July 2012."incontri".
  26. ^ Gordts, Eline (2013-05-14). "Syria Death Toll Likely As High As 120,000, Group Says". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  27. ^ "Next Century Foundation". Next Century Foundation. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  28. ^ a b More than 110 dead, thousands of regime forces during the 41 months
  29. ^ [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
  30. ^ Controlled by Iran, the deadly militia recruiting Iraq's men to die in Syria
  31. ^ IRGC Commander's death in Syria points to Iranian regime role in syria
  32. ^ Iran: 7 IRGC members killed in Syria buried in Iran in 9 days
  33. ^ Iranian’s Death Exposes Iran’s Syria Strategy
  34. ^ Burial in Iran of two Afghans sent to fight in Syria
  35. ^ "More Hezbollah fighters killed in Syria buried in Lebanon". LB: Yalibnan.com. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  36. ^ "Syrian rebels kill 10 pro-Assad militia". Thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  37. ^ "Final death toll for Sunday 25/11/12". Facebook.com. 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  38. ^ "Preliminary death toll for Wednesday 19/12/2012: Approximately 106 people were killed so far today in Syria". Facebook.com. 2012-12-19. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  39. ^ "Report: Top Palestinian operative killed in Syria". Ynetnews.com. 1995-06-20. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  40. ^ The funeral of martyr Shadi Awad
  41. ^ "Hezbollah Involvement in the Syrian Civil War". Terrorism-info.org.il. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  42. ^ "Syria drags Lebanon into another Lebanese-Lebanese war". Middle-east-online.com. 2013-05-23. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  43. ^ Syrian rebels publish photo of pro-Assad Russian fighter
  44. ^ "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  45. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1111/mepo.12003, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1111/mepo.12003 instead.
  46. ^ By Reuters (2012-11-23). "'Over 40,000 killed since start of Syria conflict'". Jpost.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  47. ^ "More than 80 thousand people killed since the beginning of the Syrian uprising". SOHR. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  48. ^ With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided [11] and an upper estimate of pro-government fatalities to be 115,000,[12] a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 115,000 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented number.[13]
  49. ^ 15 killed (31 October 2012),[14] 25 killed (19 November 2012),[15] 379 killed (2013),[16] 39 killed (1–7 January 2014),[17] 13 killed (8 March-8 April 2014),[18] 16 killed (29–31 May 2014),[19] 36 killed (2–11 July 2014),[20] 14 killed (29–31 July 2014),[21] 8 killed (1–31 August 2014; Kobane),[22] 15 killed (19–22 August 2014; Jazaa),[23] 3 killed (11–12 September),[24] 27 killed (16–21 September),[25] total of 590 reported killed
  50. ^ Suicide terrorism thriving in Syria, is threat to West, Israel new report warns
  51. ^ Incidents Involving Suicide Bombings by Country for 2014 as of 25 Jun. 2014
  52. ^ In Syria, suicide bombings hold tactical role in rebel assaults
  53. ^ "Syria conflict has reached new levels of brutality - UN". Bbc.co.uk. 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  54. ^ Over 2,400 Palestinian refugees killed in Syria
  55. ^ 74 Turkish citizens killed in Syria-linked incidents: FM Davutoğlu
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "The number of martyrs by Nationality". Syrianshuhada.com. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  57. ^ "Syrian soldiers jump through flaming hoops as helicopters fly over capital". Edition.cnn.com. 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  58. ^ "Iraqi girl killed by indirect fire from Syria". Google.com. 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  59. ^ Reef Dimashq
  60. ^ "Lebanon-Syria border bus attack kills 7, wounds 21". Dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  61. ^ "Syria's fighting spills into Lebanon, five killed". Af.reuters.com. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  62. ^ By Reuters. "Three dead after more Syrian shells hit Lebanon". Jpost.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  63. ^ "Mansour: Five Lebanese killed in Syria, bodies still there". Nowlebanon.com. 2013-03-04. Retrieved 2013-08-30.[dead link]
  64. ^ "Tension high after Syria army kills four in Lebanon". Dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  65. ^ "Fire from Syria kills two in Lebanon". Globalpost.com. 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  66. ^ "Syria opposition, rebels cautious on EU arms decision". Nst.com.my. 2013-05-28. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  67. ^ a b c d Violations Documenting Center - Martyrs
  68. ^ Greenslade, Roy (28 March 2012). "Two British journalists killed in Syria". London: Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  69. ^ "UK doctor of Indian origin killed in Syrian bombing". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2012-04-21. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  70. ^ EX CUMBRIA DOCTOR 'KILLED' IN SYRIAN PRISON
  71. ^ "Three Afghans Killed In Syria". Bakhtarnews.com.af. 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  72. ^ ISIS Video Shows Killing of Second American Journalist
  73. ^ "Paolo Dall'Oglio Reported Dead: Missing Jesuit Priest Killed In Syria According To Human Rights Group". Huffingtonpost.com. 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  74. ^ "Syria: Dutch priest Fr van der Lugt shot dead in Homs". BBC News. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  75. ^ "Report: "1036 Palestinians Killed In Syria Since Mach 2011"". Imemc.org. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  76. ^ "Over 2,000 Palestinians have died in Syrian war". Islamic News Daily.
  77. ^ 9936 Al-Qaeda-Linked Arabs Killed in Syria: Survey
  78. ^ 128 Jordanians ‘slain’ in Syria — report
  79. ^ ‘Two Jordanian jihadists killed in Syria’
  80. ^ ISIL Beheads 40 Members Of Rival Group In Aleppo
  81. ^ 12 Azeri jihadists reported killed in Syria
  82. ^ Another Azerbaijani mujahid is killed in Syria
  83. ^ Turkish Interior Ministry: 500 citizens fighting with al-Nusra in Syria
  84. ^ Clashes Escalate Around Sovereign Turkish Enclave in Syria
  85. ^ Albanian from Kumanovo killed in Syria
  86. ^ Another Macedonian Albanian reported killed in Syria
  87. ^ ISIS and the Kosovar Albanians
  88. ^ Nearly 1,000 Frenchmen join jihad, dozens of women and kids 'stopped en route'
  89. ^ Up to 20 Britons 'killed fighting in Syria'
  90. ^ Syria Jail Attack Suicide Bomber 'Was British'
  91. ^ British jihadi who went to fight for ISIS after he was sacked from Primark is killed in Syria
  92. ^ Tajik President Says 200 Tajik Jihadists Fight in Iraq, Syria
  93. ^ ‘More than 4,000 European jihadists fighting against Assad’
  94. ^ Syrie: Un chef jihadiste belge d'origine arabe tué dans l'offensive rebelle dans le nord
  95. ^ Belga. "Un jihadiste belge tué en Syrie - DH.be". Dhnet.be. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  96. ^ Over 20 German Militants Killed In Syria: Official
  97. ^ Bosnia introduces jail terms to curb recruitment for Syria
  98. ^ U Siriji poginuo Midhat Đono zvani Usama Bosni
  99. ^ Another Dane reportedly dies fighting in Syria
  100. ^ a b "Syria names 142 slain foreign fighters from 18 countries". English.ahram.org.eg. 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  101. ^ Swedish jihadists killed in fighting in Syria
  102. ^ Claims up to 15 Australian citizens have died fighting in Syria
  103. ^ Cancelled passports triple as ninth Aussie dies in Syria
  104. ^ Asio reveals up to 12 young Australians killed in Syria as government faces pressure on pensions, Hecs – the day's events
  105. ^ Ten Dutch Jihadists Killed In Syria
  106. ^ "American Killed Fighting For the Islamic State in Syria". Retrieved 2014-08-26.
  107. ^ Report: 3 more Americans killed fighting with ISIS in Syria
  108. ^ Syrian army kills 18 foreign Islamic State fighters, including one American jihadist
  109. ^ Norwegians reportedly killed in Syria
  110. ^ "Most Foreign Sunni Fighters Recently Killed in Syria Fought For Jihadist Group". Reason.com. 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  111. ^ 5th Confirmed Canadian Killed Fighting Assad in Syria
  112. ^ a b Jihadist media claims two more Maldivians killed in Syria
  113. ^ Mary Fitzgerald (2013-05-03). "Man raised in Ireland killed fighting with rebel forces in Syria". Irishtimes.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  114. ^ Jenan Moussa
  115. ^ Third Malaysian jihadist dies in Syria
  116. ^ a b c d e f Shaghor - Martyrs
  117. ^ "Facebook Page Documents Foreigners Who Come To Syria From Western Countries To Fight The Regime". Rightsidenews.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  118. ^ "Italian killed fighting alongside rebels in Syria". Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  119. ^ THE FINNISH FOREIGN FIGHTER CONTINGENT IN SYRIA
  120. ^ "Tajiks, Kyrgyz confirmed fighting in Syria". Centralasiaonline.com. 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  121. ^ "African Militants Killed in Syria Fighting Alongside al-Qaeda". Al-monitor.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  122. ^ a b "One Bulgarian among 280 Foreign Fighters Killed in Syria". Paper.standartnews.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  123. ^ One of two Austrian girls who fled to Syria to fight with IS has been killed
  124. ^ Indian youth from Kalyan who joined ISIS killed in clashes in Syria
  125. ^ Israeli Arab killed fighting for Syrian rebels: family
  126. ^ "Deciphering the Jihadist Presence in Syria: An Analysis of Martyrdom Notices". Ctc.usma.edu. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  127. ^ "Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria". Naharnet.com. 2013-03-03. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  128. ^ Yacoub, Khaled (2013-03-04). "At least 40 Syrian soldiers killed going home in Iraq". Reuters.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  129. ^ Donnelly, Thomas. "Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels". Washingtonexaminer.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  130. ^ "Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed". Channelnewsasia.com. 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  131. ^ "Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover". Presstv.ir. 2013-07-13. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  132. ^ By BARBARA SURK Associated Press. "Syrian violence spills into Jordan, Lebanon". Mercurynews.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  133. ^ "Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive". Dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  134. ^ Soldiers in Lebanon Die in Raid Near Syria
  135. ^ "Four soldiers killed in east Lebanon ambush". Dailystar.com.lb. 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  136. ^ Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment
  137. ^ Suicide bombing in Lebanon kills three
  138. ^ Syria militants kill captive Lebanese soldier, bomb kills two
  139. ^ "Turkey locates bodies of downed jet pilots". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  140. ^ "Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border". Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  141. ^ ISIL CONNECTION IN ATTACK AGAINST TURKISH SECURITY FORCES
  142. ^ Two soldiers, six militants killed in clashes on Syrian border, says Turkish Army
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