Khmuic languages
Khmuic | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Indochina |
Linguistic classification | Austroasiatic
|
Glottolog | khmu1236 |
![]() |
The Khmuic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic languages. Khmu is the only language in the group that has a large number of speakers.
Languages
The Khmuic languages are:
- Bit, Mlabri (Yumbri), Khang (Mang U’), Phong (Kniang, Tay Phong), Puoc (Puok, Pou Hok, Khsing-Mul), Khmu’, Khuen, O’du, Lua’ (Pray), Mal (Thin), Phray (Pray), Phai (Pray, Theen, Kha Sam Liam)
There is some disagreement over whether Bit is Khmuic or Palaungic; Svantesson believes it is most likely Palaungic,[1] and it is sometimes placed in Mangic, but most classifications here take them as Khmuic. Similarly, Phuoc (Xinh Mul) and Khang are also sometimes classified as Mangic.
The recently discovered Bumang language is also likely a Khmuic or Palaungic language. Jerold A. Edmondson considers it to be most closely related to Khang. Also, Quang Lam is a poorly attested language in Vietnam that may be closely related to Khang or Bit.
Classification
The interrelationships of these languages are uncertain. Ethnologue 19 classifies them as follows:
- Khmuic
A provisional classification at SEALang[2] keeps Mal–Phrai, but connects Khao with Khang instead of with Bit, treats Khuen as a dialect of Khmu':
Diffloth & Proschan (1989)
Chazée (1999), citing Diffloth & Proschan (1989), has the following:
- Khmuic
Peiros (2004)
Ilia Peiros (Peiros 2004:39) has the following:
- Khmuic
Sidwell (2014)
Based on developments of Proto-Khmuic *aː₁, Paul Sidwell (2014) classifies the Khmuic languages as follows.
- Khmuic
- Khmu
- Mlabri-Pram
The developments of Proto-Khmuic *aː₁ according to Sidwell (2014) are:
See also
References
External links
- Chazée, Laurent. 1999. The Peoples of Laos: Rural and Ethnic Diversities. Bangkok: White Lotus.
- Peiros, Ilia J. 2004. Geneticeskaja klassifikacija aystroaziatskix jazykov. Moskva: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet (doktorskaja dissertacija).
- Sidwell, Paul. 2014. "Khmuic classification and homeland". Mon-Khmer Studies 43.1:47-56
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-66E8-9@view Khmuic languages in RWAAI Digital Archive