Lymphocryptovirus
| Lymphocryptovirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group I (dsDNA)
|
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | Lymphocryptovirus
|
| Type Species | |
Lymphocryptovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. This genus includes the human-infecting Epstein–Barr virus, as well as viruses that infect both Old World monkeys and New World monkeys.[1] Other names for the Lymphocryptovirus genus include Lymphocryptoviridae and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are currently eight species in this genus including the type species Human herpesvirus 4. Diseases associated with this genus include: mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.[2][3]
Taxonomy
Group: dsDNA
- Family: Herpesviridae
Alternate Names
- human Epstein–Barr virus (EBV, Human herpesvirus 4, HHV-4)
- chimpanzee lymphocryptovirus (Pongine herpesvirus 1, PoHV-1, Herpesvirus pan)
- orangutan lymphocryptovirus (Pongine herpesvirus 2, PoHV-2, Orangutan herpesvirus)
- gorilla lymphocryptovirus (Herpesvirus gorilla, Pongine herpesvirus 3, PoHV-3)
- baboon lymphocryptovirus (baboon herpesvirus, Herpesvirus papio, HVP, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 12, CeHV-12)
- African green monkey EBV-like virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 14, CeHV-14)
- rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhesus LCV, RLV, Cercopithecine HV 15)
- marmoset lymphocryptovirus (Callitrichine HV 3, CalHV-3, CHV3)
Structure
Viruses in Lymphocryptovirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.[2]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocryptovirus | Spherical Pleomorphic | T=16 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are zoonosis, bite, contact, and saliva.[2]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocryptovirus | Humans; mammals | B-lymphocytes | Glycoprotiens | Budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Saliva |
References
- ^ Wang F, Rivailler P, Rao P, Cho Y (2001). "Simian homologues of Epstein-Barr virus". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 356 (1408): 489–97. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0776. PMC 1088440. PMID 11313007.
- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.