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Mebyon Kernow

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Not to be confused with Cornish Nationalist Party.

Mebyon Kernow
LeaderDick Cole
Founded6 January 1951
HeadquartersLanhainsworth
Fraddon Hill
Fraddon
St Columb
Cornwall
TR9 6PQ
Youth wingKernow X
Membership (2013)Approx Decrease 293-732[1]
IdeologyCornish nationalism
Civic nationalism
Regionalism[2]
Social democracy
Environmentalism
Political positionCentre-left
European affiliationEuropean Free Alliance
International affiliationNone
ColoursOld gold, Black and White
Cornwall Council[3][4]
4 / 123
Cornish seats in the House of Commons
0 / 6
Website
www.mebyonkernow.org

Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall (MK; Cornish for Sons of Cornwall[5]) is a Cornish nationalist, centre-left political party in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It primarily campaigns for devolution to Cornwall in the form of a Cornish Assembly, as well as social democracy and environmental protection.

MK was formed as a pressure group in 1951, and contained as members activists and politicians from a number of political parties. Its first leader was Helena Charles. Its first election win came in 1953, with its members running as independents. In the 1970s it became a fully-fledged political party, and since then it has fielded candidates in elections to Westminster and the European Parliament, as well as local government in Cornwall.

The party is a member of the European Free Alliance and has close links with Plaid Cymru, the Scottish National Party and the Breton Democratic Union. It currently has four elected councillors in Cornwall Council and 27 town and parish councillors. Dick Cole is the current leader.

Organisation

Mebyon Kernow is run on a day-to-day basis by a 20-member National Executive, which includes the leadership team, policy spokespersons, and local party representatives.

Office-bearers

  • Party Leader and Campaigns Officer: Cllr Dick Cole
  • Nominating Officer: Cllr Phil Rendle
  • Treasurer: Cllr Andrew Long
  • Admin officer: Pete Dudley
  • Social media officer: Robert Simmons
  • Website officer: Niall Curry [6]

Constituency Branch Chairs

Spokespeople

  • Cllr Dick Cole – Housing and Planning
  • Cllr Phil Rendle – Constitutional Affairs
  • Cllr Loveday Jenkin – Environment
  • Cllr Andrew Long – Economy
  • Cllr Stuart Cullimore- Social Justice
  • Cllr Tamsin Williams – Children, Education and Families[7]

Platform

Picture of Mebyon Kernow's assembly petition

In July 2000 Mebyon Kernow issued the "Declaration for a Cornish Assembly" claiming;

Cornwall is a distinct region. It has a clearly defined economic, administrative and social profile. Cornwall's unique identity reflects its Celtic character, culture and environment. We declare that the people of Cornwall will be best served in their future governance by a Cornish regional assembly. We therefore commit ourselves to setting up the Cornish Constitutional Convention with the intention of achieving a devolved Cornish Assembly.

— Senedh Kernow

Three months later the Cornish Constitutional Convention was held with the objective of establishing a devolved Assembly. In less than two years, Mebyon Kernow's petition attracted the signatures of over 50,000 people calling for a referendum on a Cornish Assembly, which is a little over 10% of the total Cornish electorate. A delegation including MK leader Dick Cole, West Cornwall Liberal Democrat MP Andrew George and representatives of the Convention (,[8] Richard Ford, David Fieldsend and Andrew Climo) presented the declaration to 10 Downing Street on Wednesday 12 December 2001.[9]

Cornwall is part of the South West Regional Assembly and the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) administrate economic development, housing and strategic planning. The claim that the SW area covered is an artificially imposed large region and not natural.[10][11] Mebyon Kernow wants to break up the SWRDA into small county areas and implement a Cornish Regional Development Agency.

History

Daphne du Maurier, perhaps the best known supporter of Mebyon Kernow.

MK was founded as a pressure group on 6 January 1951 at a meeting held at the Oates Temperance Hotel[12] in Redruth. Helena Charles was elected the organisation's first chair. At the first meeting, MK adopted the following objectives:

  1. To study local conditions and attempt to remedy any that may be prejudicial to the best interests of Cornwall by the creation of public opinion or other means.
  2. To foster the Cornish language and Literature.
  3. To encourage the study of Cornish history from a Cornish point of view.
  4. By self knowledge to further the acceptance of the idea of the Celtic character of Cornwall, one of the six Celtic nations.
  5. To publish pamphlets, broadsheets, articles and letters in the Press whenever possible, putting forward the foregoing aims.
  6. To arrange concerts and entertainments with a Cornish-Celtic flavour through which these aims can be further advanced.
  7. To co-operate with all societies concerned with preserving the character of Cornwall.

By September 1951 they had officially come to a stance of supporting self-government for Cornwall, in what they hoped at the time would be a federal United Kingdom. MK won its first seat at local level on the Redruth-Camborne Urban Council in 1953. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, MK was in essence a political pressure group rather than a true political party, with members being able to join other political parties as well. However, by the 1970s the group developed into a more coherent and unified organisation. During this decade, MK began contesting Westminster parliamentary seats as well as local government ones. On 28 May 1975 James Whetter left MK to form the Cornish Nationalist Party which was campaigning for full Cornish independence.

They currently describe their philosophy as based on being: "Cornish, Green, Left of Centre, Decentralist." Mebyon Kernow is a member of the European Free Alliance and,[13] although it did not contest European Parliament elections in 2004 or 1999, it had six candidates for the 2009 Euro elections. The party has close links with Plaid Cymru (their partner in the EFA) including a twinning arrangement with Plaid's Blaenau Gwent branch, and to a lesser extent with the SNP.

Daphne du Maurier, the well known novelist, was at one point a member of Mebyon Kernow, as was Andrew George, the former Liberal Democrat MP; he still remains sympathetic to many Cornish issues, but is no longer a member of the political party.

MK had an electoral partnership with the Greens in the 2005 Westminster elections. The party did not contest the St Ives constituency to make room for the Green Party candidate and, in return, the Greens did not stand against MK in any of the other four Cornish constituencies. Mebyon Kernow did contest every seat in Cornwall in the 2010 general election.

In 2009, three Mebyon Kernow candidates were elected to the newly formed Cornwall Council. Andrew Long for Callington, Stuart Cullimore for Camborne south and Dick Cole was elected to represent St Enoder.[14] In 2010 an independent councillor, Neil Plummer, joined the MK group.[15] In late 2011 former chair of the party Loveday Jenkin was elected in a by election in Wendron.[16] In 2012, long standing Liberal Democrat councillor Tamsin Williams defected to Mebyon Kernow, increasing the number of MK Cornwall Councilors to 6 and the number of Penzance town councillors to 2.

In August 2008 MK deputy leader, Conan Jenkin, expressed Mebyon Kernow's support for a proposed legal challenge by Cornwall 2000 over the UK Government's exclusion of the Cornish from the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Cornwall 2000 need to show that they have exhausted all domestic legal avenues by having the case summarily dismissed by the High Court, the Appeal Court and the House of Lords, before the case can be put to the European Court of Human Rights. Mebyon Kernow have requested the support of all of its members for this legal action.[citation needed] However the fund failed to meet the required target of £100,000 by the end of December 2008, having received just over £33,000 in pledges, and the plan was abandoned.

In 2011 councillor Andrew Long was invited to visit the Estonian Parliament by Aare Heinvee MP of the Reformierakond (Reform Party). He said that it was "a great opportunity to see how a small nation can run its own affairs while being an equal and active part of a wider Europe."[17]

Devonwall

In 2011, MK issued a statement saying it "accused the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition of treating Cornwall with "absolute contempt" as a result of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill, which seeks to equalise the size of constituencies.[18][19] An amendment to the bill by Lord Teverson that would have ensured that "all parts of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly must be included in constituencies that are wholly in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly" was defeated by 250 to 221 votes in the House of Lords with 95% of Conservative and Liberal Democrat peers rejecting it. This was despite promises during the election in 2010 of both parties saying they would "stand up for Cornwall". MK stated Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg had "devised the Bill to breach the territorial integrity of Cornwall."[20] Mr Cameron replied to concerns about the "Devonwall" constituency by stating that "It's the Tamar, not the Amazon, for Heaven's sake"; a move that was read in the press as indicative of his plan not to oppose the merger of the constituencies in Devon and Cornwall.[21]

Protests were planned in Saltash, by the historical boundary between Devon and Cornwall since the 10th century. Adam Killeya, the mayor of Saltash and the convenor of the Keep Cornwall Whole campaign, said of the border that it was "ancient and distinctive" and most people wanted to continue with that status.[22] However the campaign was unsuccessful, and the change may go ahead.[23]

MK welcomed plans to delay Devonwall.[24]

In 2016 plans for a "Devonwall" constituency were again initiated. [25]

Party leaders

Honorary presidents

Elected representatives

Cornwall Council

Councillor Ward Elected
Dick Cole St Enoder Cornwall Council election, 2013
Matt Luke Penwithick and Boscoppa Cornwall Council election, 2013
Loveday Jenkin Wendron Cornwall Council election, 2013
Andrew Long Callington Cornwall Council election, 2013

Town and parish councils

Councillor Council First elected
Simon Caddick Breage
Maria Coakley Callington defected to Mebyon Kernow in 2012
Dick Cole St Enoder 1999
Derek Collins St Austell defected from Liberal Democrats in 2011
Helen Cullimore Camborne 2002
Stuart Cullimore Camborne 2000
Charlotte Evans Constantine coopted 2010, elected 2013
Matt Facey Mevagissey 2013
John Gillingham Carn Brea 2012
Mike Hall Redruth
Brian Higman St Austell 2013
Roger Holmes Liskeard 1976
Conan Jenkin Truro 2007
Loveday Jenkin Crowan 2003
Chris Lawrence Carn Brea
Andrew Long Callington 2005
Matt Luke Treverbyn 2003
Phil Rendle Penzance 2005
Stephen Richardson Illogan
John Rowe Carn Brea
Alan Sanders Camborne 1999
David Tellam Carn Brea
Chris Thomas Callington defected from Independents in 2008
Rod Toms St Newlyn East
Tamsin Williams Penzance defected from Liberal Democrats in 2012

Electoral performance

Town and parish councils

In May 2007, Mebyon Kernow achieved its best-ever round of election results in Cornwall’s district and town and parish councils. There were 225 district council seats up for election and MK put up 24 candidates. MK won seven district council seats, a net gain of one; seventeen town/city council seats and four parish council places, a net gain of one town/parish seat. MK polled about 5 percent of the total votes cast in the district council elections. The seats won included their first seat on Caradon Council for 24 years; defended their seat on North Cornwall District Council; three seats on Kerrier District Council, where they lost one seat; and two on Restormel Borough Council. The results put Mebyon Kernow in third position behind the Liberal Democrats and the Conservative Party and ahead of Labour in several seats including Kerrier, Restormel, North Cornwall and Caradon. The total MK vote in the May 2007 local elections was over 10,000 votes across Cornwall.[26] In June 2008 Mebyon Kernow's representation on Caradon increased to 3 following the defection of Glenn Renshaw (Saltash Essa) from the Lib Dems and Chris Thomas (Callington) from the Independent group, to join the party.

In the Town Council elections MK maintained groups of five councillors on both Camborne Town Council and Penzance Town Council, with three new councillors also elected to Truro City Council and is also represented on town councils in Callington, Liskeard and Penryn.

In June 2011 Mebyon Kernow lost one of its Truro City councillors, and prior General Election Candidate, Loic Rich, who moved to the Conservative group. Mr Rich gave as his reason; "I found it very frustrating being in a party that, along with the opposition parties, seemed to be in deliberate denial of the UK's economic and social needs." .[27] That loss was made up for in November 2011 when a Liberal Democrat councillor on St Austell town council, Derek Collins, defected to MK, claiming that his former party had 'failed Cornwall'.[28] In November 2011 Eileen Carter resigned as a member of Perranzabuloe Parish Council,Perranporth Ward.

In the 2013 council election Mebyon Kernow won four seats. Prior to the election they had held six seats, having gained two by defections from other parties.

Cornwall Council

From 2004 until the district councils were abolished in 2009, there were four MK councillors on Kerrier District Council, along with one in Restormel (the party leader Dick Cole) and, until his death in 2005, John Bolitho in North Cornwall. One of the MK councillors in Kerrier, Loveday Jenkin, joined the district council government in 2005 becoming the first MK councillor in such a position.

2009 Cornwall Council elections
See also: Cornwall Council election, 2009

In April 2009 MK leader Dick Cole announced his resignation from his job as an archaeologist with the new Cornwall Council to become full-time leader of Mebyon Kernow and to stand for election to the Council. He had previously worked for Cornwall County Council for 14 years, but it is not permitted for employees of Councils to stand for election to a council they work for.[29]

On 12 May 2009, Dick Cole announced that thirty-three candidates would be standing for the party at the Cornwall Council elections on 4 June 2009.[30] This was the largest number of candidates that the party had ever fielded in a round of elections to a principal council or councils. Under the new arrangements, 123 members were to be elected to the new unitary Cornwall Council, in the place of the 82 councillors on the outgoing Cornwall County Council and another 249 on the six district councils within its area, all abolished.[31]

Cornwall Council provides a wide range of services to more than half a million residents, has an annual budget of more than £1 billion, and is the biggest employer in Cornwall.[32]

Having contested thirty-three of the 123 seats on the authority, Mebyon Kernow won three, or 2.4 per cent of the total.

Cornwall Council election, 2009[33]
Party Seats Gains Losses Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  Conservative 50 33.8%
  Liberal Democrats 38 28.2%
  Independent 32 23.1%
  Mebyon Kernow 3 4.3%
  UKIP 0 3.8%
  Labour 0 3.4%

Andrew Long was elected to represent Callington with 54% of the votes.[34] Stuart Cullimore was elected to represent Camborne South with 28% of the votes[35] and Dick Cole was elected to represent St Enoder with 78% of the votes[36]

2013 Council elections
Summary
Cornwall Council election, 2013
Party Seats Gains Losses Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  Independent 37 4 30.1 22
  Liberal Democrats 36 -2 29.2 23
  Conservative 31 -18 25.2 24
  Labour 8 8 0 +8 6.5 8
  UKIP 6 6 0 +6 4.9 15
  Mebyon Kernow 4 2 1 +1 3.25 4.8
  Green 1 1 0 +1 0.8 3
  Liberal 0 0 0 0 0 <1 143

Prior to the election Mebyon Kernow held six seats on the council, having gained two due to defections from other parties, and winning one in a by-election. Three Mebyon Kernow councillors did not stand again in 2013. Keeping the seat won in the by-election, and a gain of one seat elsewhere, left them with four in total. This dropped them to being the sixth largest group on the council, from the position of fourth largest prior to the election, being overtaken by UKIP and The Labour party.

Council elections totals.

9421 votes: 2005 county council elections.

8919 votes: 2007 district councils elections.

7290 votes: 2009 unitary council elections.

6824 votes: 2013 unitary council elections.

UK general elections

Main article: Mebyon Kernow election results
Election Votes cast Share of Vote
1983 General election 1,151 1.2 2 candidates
1997 General election 1,906 0.8 4 candidates
2001 General election 3,199 1.3 3 candidates
2005 General election 3,552 1.7 4 candidates
2010 General election 5,379 1.9 6 candidates
2015 General election 5,675 1.9 6 candidates
2010 UK elections
See also: 2010 United Kingdom general election result in Cornwall

In the 2010 general election, Mebyon Kernow fielded candidates in each of the six constituencies in Cornwall. Their best result was in the St Austell and Newquay seat, where they came fourth, with 4.2% of the votes, up 4% from the previous election. Like many minor parties, MK did not qualify for a televised election broadcast as they did not meet the qualification (standing candidates in a minimum of 89 English seats). The other main parties spent more on their election campaigns.[37] MK also blamed bad results on a tactical voting campaign whereby Labour voters in Cornwall were urged to vote Liberal Democrat to stop the Conservatives from getting in.[38]

In the other seats contested they achieved;

  • North Cornwall: 5th place, (last) 1.1% of votes, −2.1%
  • South Cornwall: 6th place (last) 1.3% of votes, −0.4%
  • Truro and Falmouth: 5th place (out of 6 candidates)2.1% of votes, −0.4%
  • Camborne and Redruth: 5th place (out of 6 candidates) 1.4% of votes +1.4%
  • St Ives 7th (last) 0.8% of votes, +0.8%

Overall they gained 1.9% of votes cast. All Mebyon Kernow candidates lost their deposits. [39]

Several former Cornish MPs have also been ex-members of Mebyon Kernow, including Peter Bessell (Liberal Party), John Pardoe (Liberal Party), David Mudd (Conservative), David Penhaligon (Liberal Party) and Andrew George (Liberal Democrats)[40]

2015 General Election

Mebyon Kernow fielded candidates in all six constituencies for the 2015 UK General Election.

  • Loveday Jenkin (Camborne & Redruth,) last place, 897 votes, 2.0%
  • Andrew Long (Cornwall South East), 6th out of 7 candidates, 1003 votes, 2.0%
  • Jerry Jeffries (Cornwall North), 6th out of 7 candidates, 631 votes, 1.3%
  • Dick Cole (St Austell & Newquay), last place, 2063 votes, 4.1%
  • Rob Simmons (St Ives) last place, 518 votes, 1.1%
  • Stephen Richardson (Truro and Falmouth) 6th out of 8 candidates, 563 votes, 1.1%

Comparative election results

Here are the proportion of the votes cast for each party in Cornwall in the 2005, 2010, and 2015 general elections

  • 2015 Conservatives 43.1 percent, Liberal Democrats 22.4, UKIP 13.8, Labour 12.3, Green 5.8, MK 1.9, Others 0.6
  • 2010 Liberal Democrats 41.8, Conservatives 40.9, Labour 8.6, UKIP 4.9, MK 1.9, Greens 1.3, Others 0.6
  • 2005 Liberal Democrats 41.3 percent, Conservatives 36.9, Labour 14.7, UKIP 4.6, MK 1.3, Others 1.5

European Parliament elections

In 1979, in the first elections to the European Parliament, Mebyon Kernow's candidate Richard Jenkin was able to attract almost ten percent of the vote in the Cornwall seat. Mebyon Kernow now campaigns for Cornwall in the South West England constituency.

Year Percentage of vote (number of votes) Seats won Constituency contested
1979 5.9% (10,205) 0 Single-seat Cornwall and Plymouth
1989 1.9% (4,224) 0 Single-seat Cornwall and Plymouth
1994 1.5% (3,315) 0 Single-seat Cornwall and West Plymouth
2009 1.0% (7% in Cornwall) (14,922) 0 Six-seat South West England (only campaigned in Cornwall)
2009 European Parliament elections
See also: European Parliament elections, 2009 (United Kingdom)

In April 2009 Mebyon Kernow announced that its list of candidates for the 'South West Region' seat in the European Parliament would comprise their six prospective parliamentary candidates for Westminster. The candidates were:- Dick Cole (St Austell and Newquay), Conan Jenkin (Truro and Falmouth), Loveday Jenkin (Camborne and Redruth), Simon Reed (St Ives), Glenn Renshaw (South East Cornwall), Joanie Willett (North Cornwall).[41] Mebyon Kernow had also committed itself to continuing the fight for a "Cornwall only" Euro-constituency, to promote Cornwall in Europe.[42]

Mebyon Kernow polled 14,922 votes in the 2009 European elections (11,534 votes in Cornwall, no seats, 7 percent of the vote in Cornwall) putting them ahead of the Labour Party in Cornwall.[43] In many places in Mid and West Cornwall, MK polled over 10%.[citation needed]

2014 European Parliament elections

Mebyon Kernow decided not to stand candidates in the 2014 European elections, claiming the system is skewed against them winning seats.[44]

Youth group

Kernow X was established in 2007 and emerged from MK Bagas Yowynk (MK – Youth Group/MK – BY) – a group set up by Martin Sanders in 1999 and led by Rhisiart Tal-e-bot.[45]

See also

Further reading

  • Deacon, Bernard; Cole, Dick; Tregidga, Garry (2003). Mebyon Kernow and Cornish Nationalism: The Concise History. Welsh Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-86057-075-9.

References

  1. ^ "Search statement of accounts, life divide membership fee between 20 or 8 depending on waged/unwaged to give range". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  2. ^ Frans Schrijver (2006). Regionalism After Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 261–290. ISBN 978-90-5629-428-1.
  3. ^ Keith Edkins (30 November 2009). "Local Council Political Compositions". Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  4. ^ Nicholas Whyte (10 May 2005). "The 2005 Local Government Elections in Northern Ireland". Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  5. ^ mab | cornish dictionary / gerlyver kernewek
  6. ^ New Officers for Mebyon Kernow | Latest News | Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall. Mebyon Kernow.
  7. ^ Spokespeople | Our Team | Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall. Mebyon Kernow.
  8. ^ Bert Biscoe. Bert Biscoe.
  9. ^ BBC News 11 December 2001 [1]
  10. ^ Mebyon Kernow opposes SWRA. Mebyonkernow.org.
  11. ^ Mebyon Kernow says Cornwall needs its own Development Agency. Mebyonkernow.org.
  12. ^ Cornish party Mebyon Kernow sees the future in black and white | UK news. The Guardian.
  13. ^ "Member parties". European Free Alliance. 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  14. ^ Cornwall Council. Democracy.cornwall.gov.uk (4 June 2009).
  15. ^ Cllr Dick Cole: Cllr Neil Plummer joins MK Group. Mebyonkernow.blogspot.co.uk (4 August 2010).
  16. ^ Cllr Dick Cole: Loveday Jenkin wins Wendron for Mebyon Kernow. Mebyonkernow.blogspot.co.uk (24 November 2011).
  17. ^ An Estonian inspiration – http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Estonian-inspiration/story-13731501-detail/story.html
  18. ^ ConservativeHome's Seats & Candidates blog: Equalisation of constituency sizes will create unnatural seats like "Devonwall", says report. Conservativehome.blogs.com (16 January 2011).
  19. ^ Graham Smith's Blog: Devonwall Bill crunchtime on Monday night. BBC.
  20. ^ The Party for Cornwall. Mebyon Kernow.
  21. ^ Morris, Steven (6 October 2010). "Cameron upsets Cornwall with dismissive remark about river". The Guardian. London.
  22. ^ Morris, Steven (5 October 2010). "Cornwall activists to protest against creation of 'Devonwall' constituency". The Guardian. London.
  23. ^ "'Devonwall' plan set for go-ahead". BBC. London. 2 November 2010.
  24. ^ Mebyon Kernow news. Mebyonkernow.org.
  25. ^ http://www.northdevongazette.co.uk/news/proposals_published_for_new_devonwall_parliamentary_constituency_1_4694102
  26. ^ "Vote 2007". BBC News. 21 March 2007.
  27. ^ Former MK councillor joins Tory group. Thisiscornwall.co.uk (21 June 2011).
  28. ^ Councillor defects to MK, claiming Lib Dems have 'failed Cornwall'. Thisiscornwall.co.uk (1 November 2011).
  29. ^ Dick Cole to become full time leader of Mebyon Kernow. Mebyonkernow.blogspot.com.
  30. ^ MK Cornwall Council candidates 2009. Mebyonkernow.blogspot.com.
  31. ^ Cornwall Council June 2009 Electoral divisions. Cornwall.gov.uk.
  32. ^ Cornwall Council 2009 elections. Thisiscornwall.co.uk (28 April 2009).
  33. ^ "Cornwall council". Cornwall Council. Retrieved 5 June 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  34. ^ Election results for Callington. Democracy.cornwall.gov.uk (4 June 2009).
  35. ^ Election results for Camborne South#
  36. ^ Election results for St Enoder. Democracy.cornwall.gov.uk (4 June 2009).
  37. ^ Figures reveal spending by parties at UK general election. Electoral Commission.
  38. ^ Brown: Vote Lib Dem where Labour can't win. Politics.co.uk (9 April 2010).
  39. ^ "BBC NEWS – Election 2010 – South West". BBC News.
  40. ^ Mebyon Kernow history. Mebyonkernow.org.
  41. ^ Mebyon Kernow announce candidates for the ‘South West Region’ seat in the European Parliament. Mebyonkernow.org.
  42. ^ Cole, Dick. (18 March 2009) MK fight for Cornwall only Euro-constituency. Mebyonkernow.blogspot.com.
  43. ^ European Election 2009: South West. BBC News (8 June 2009).
  44. ^ [2]. Stephen Richardson | Blog
  45. ^ Mebyon Kernow news. Mebyonkernow.org.
  46. ^ "Join Mebyon Kernow". Mebyon Kernow. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  47. ^ "Local journals and periodicals". Cornwall Council. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.

Websites

Social Media Pages

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