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Napier (New Zealand electorate)

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Napier electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Napier is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives. It is named after the city of Napier, the main urban area within the electorate. The electorate was established for the 1861 election and has existed since. Since the 2014 general election, Napier has been held by Stuart Nash of the New Zealand Labour Party. Previously, it had been held by Chris Tremain of the New Zealand National Party, who stood down prior to the 2014 election.

Population centres

The electorate includes the following population centres:

History

The electorate was created in 1861, and preceded by the Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay electorate from 1853 to 1860 and then briefly the County of Hawke electorate in 1860. It was a two-member electorate from 1876 to 1881.[1]

The first representative was Henry Powning Stark, who won the election on 19 February 1861.[2]

There were speculations that Douglas Maclean would be the conservative candidate in the Napier electorate in the 1890 election upon his return from England instead of George Henry Swan, but this was not correct.[3] Swan contested the election and was successful against the Liberal Party candidate Michael Gannon.[4][5] In the 1893 election, Swan was challenged by the Liberal Party candidate Samuel Carnell, with the latter being successful against the incumbent.[6][7] In the 1896 election, Carnell in turn was challenged by the conservative candidate Douglas Maclean, with Maclean achieving a large majority against the incumbent.[8][9]

In the 1931 election, the incumbent, Bill Barnard of the Labour Party, was challenged by John Butler of the Reform Party as the official candidate of the United/Reform Coalition, and United Party member Vigor Brown as an Independent. Brown, at the time Mayor of Napier and previously MP for Napier for many years, withdrew just before the election, but too late for his name to be excluded from the ballot papers.[10] The election was won by Barnard.[11]

Labour's Russell Fairbrother was first elected in the electorate in the 2002 election, replacing long-standing MP Geoff Braybrooke. In the 2005 election, Chris Tremain defeated Fairbrother, winning the electorate for the National Party for the first time since the 1951 election.[12] In the 2008 election, Tremain retained the electorate with an increased majority over Fairbrother.[13] In the 2011 election, Tremain beat Labour's Stuart Nash.[14]

Tremain announced in September 2013 that he would not contest the 2014 election.[15] Wayne Walford succeeded Tremain as National's candidate for the seat,[16] Stuart Nash contested the electorate for the Labour Party for the second time, and Garth McVicar stood for the Conservative Party. McVicar had a high profile due to his previous involvement with the Sensible Sentencing Trust. In July 2014, Walford was referred to Police by the Electoral Commission for breaching the Electoral Act by failing to display an authorisation statement on his campaign vehicle.[17]

Nash had a majority of 3,850 votes over Walford.[18] McVicar's 7,603 votes split the traditional National Party votes (24.8% of electors who gave their party vote to National gave their electorate vote to McVicar, a total of 4,465 votes),[19] which helped Nash win the election.[18][20][21]

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.[1]

Key

  Independent   Conservative   Liberal   Labour   Reform   Democratic Labour   National   ACT

single-member electorate

Election Winner
1861 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | Henry Powning Stark
1861 by-election bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | William Colenso
1866 election rowspan=2 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | Donald McLean
1871 election

multi-member electorate

Election Winners
1875 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | Donald McLean width=5 rowspan=3 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | William Russell
1877 by-election rowspan=2 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | Fred Sutton
1879 election

single-member electorate

Election Winner
1881 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | John Buchanan
1884 election rowspan=2 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | John Davies Ormond
1887 election
1890 election bgcolor=Template:Conservative (New Zealand)/meta/color | George Henry Swan
1893 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/color| Samuel Carnell
1896 election bgcolor=Template:Conservative (New Zealand)/meta/color | Douglas Maclean
1899 election rowspan=3 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/color| Alfred Fraser
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election rowspan=4 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/color| Vigor Brown
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Lewis McIlvride
1925 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Reform Party/meta/color| John Mason
1928 election rowspan=3 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Bill Barnard
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color|
bgcolor=Template:Democratic Labour Party (New Zealand)/meta/color|
1943 election rowspan=3 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Tommy Armstrong
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color| Peter Tait
1954 election rowspan=4 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Jim Edwards
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election rowspan=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Gordon Christie
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election rowspan=7 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Geoff Braybrooke
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Russell Fairbrother
2005 election rowspan=3 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color| Chris Tremain
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Stuart Nash

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Napier electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1999 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color| Anne Tolley
2002 election bgcolor=Template:ACT New Zealand/meta/color| Donna Awatere Huata
2005 election bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color| Russell Fairbrother

Election results

2014 election

General election 2014: Napier[22]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Stuart Nash 15,343 42.41 +1.42 9,466 25.86 −3.40
National Wayne Walford 11,493 31.77 −20.34 18,005 49.19 +0.42
Conservative Party of New Zealand Garth McVicar 7,603 21.02 +19.01 2,270 6.20 +2.85
Green Paul Bailey 1,363 3.77 −0.24 3,198 8.74 −1.07
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Alliance (New Zealand)/meta/color; width: 5px;" | Alliance Mary O'Neil 59 0.16 +0.02
Democrats Bary Pulford 51 0.14 +0.14 27 0.07 +0.02
NZ First   2,709 7.40 +1.82
Internet Mana   219 0.60 +0.36[a]
Māori Party   160 0.44 −0.17
Legalise Cannabis   153 0.42 −0.10
ACT   103 0.28 −0.78
United Future   63 0.17 −0.43
Ban 1080   58 0.16 +0.16
Civilian   16 0.04 +0.04
Independent Coalition   7 0.02 +0.02
Focus   6 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 236 145
Total valid votes 36,175 36,605
Turnout 36,605 80.36 +3.76
Labour gain from National Majority 3,850 10.64 +21.76

2011 election

General election 2011: Napier[14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Chris Tremain 17,337 52.11 -7.58 16,538 48.77 +1.51
Labour Stuart Nash 13,636 40.99 +7.05 9,921 29.26 -6.31
Green Paul Edward Bailey 1,334 4.01 -1.13 3,327 9.81 +4.26
Conservative Party of New Zealand Roy Brown 668 2.01 +2.01 1,137 3.35 +3.35
ACT John Ormond 159 0.48 -0.74 359 1.06 -2.59
Mana Rod Paul 86 0.26 +0.26 83 0.24 +0.24
Alliance Mary O'Neill 48 0.14 +0.14 34 0.10 -0.03
NZ First   1,893 5.58 +1.88
Māori Party   207 0.61 -0.16
United Future New Zealand   203 0.60 -0.002
Legalise Cannabis   175 0.52 +0.14
Democrats   16 0.05 +0.02
Libertarianz   14 0.04 +0.002
Informal votes 678 321
Total valid votes 33,268 33,907
National hold Majority 3,701 11.12 -14.64

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 44,266[23]

2008 election

General election 2008: Napier[13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Chris Tremain 20,898 59.70 +8.73 16,772 47.26 +4.94
Labour Russell Fairbrother 11,880 33.94 -6.83 12,621 35.57 -5.43
Green Brett Stansfield 1,801 5.14 +1.20 1,969 5.55 +0.32
ACT John Ormond 428 1.22 1,296 3.65 +2.56
NZ First 1,314 3.70 -1.88
Māori Party 272 0.77 +0.35
Progressive 269 0.76 -0.13
United Future New Zealand 213 0.60 -1.85
Kiwi 212 0.60
Bill and Ben 207 0.58
Legalise Cannabis 132 0.37 +0.15
Family Party 67 0.19
Alliance 47 0.13 +0.05
Pacific 43 0.12
Workers Party 18 0.05
Libertarianz 14 0.04 +0.01
Democrats 8 0.02 -0.02
RAM 7 0.02
RONZ 5 0.01 ±0.00
Informal votes 358 169
Total valid votes 35,007 35,486
National hold Majority 9,018 25.76 +15.57

2005 election

Beige denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink denotes a candidate elected to Parliament from their party list.[12]

Party Candidate Votes % Party Votes %
bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color|National Green tickY Chris Tremain 17,955 50.53 15,086 42.17
bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color|Labour Red XN Russell Fairbrother 14,364 40.42 14,615 40.85
bgcolor=Template:Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand/meta/color|Green Terry Creighton 1,391 3.91 1,864 5.21
bgcolor=Template:New Zealand First/meta/color|NZ First James Mist 855 2.40 1,989 5.56
bgcolor=Template:United Future New Zealand/meta/color|United Graham Turner 473 1.3 872 2.44
ACT - - - 390 1.09
Progressive - - - 316 0.88
Destiny - - - 193 0.54
bgcolor=Template:Māori Party/meta/color|Māori Party - - - 150 0.42
Legalise Cannabis - - - 80 0.22
Christian Heritage - - - 44 0.12
bgcolor=Template:Alliance (New Zealand political party)/meta/color|Alliance - - - 29 0.08
Democrats - - - 16 0.04
Direct Democracy - - - 11 0.03
Libertarianz - - - 11 0.03
One NZ - - - 11 0.03
99 MP - - - 8 0.02
Family Rights PP - - - 6 0.02
Republic of NZ - - - 5 0.01
informal votes 305 129
total valid votes 35,536 35,777
bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color|National gain from Labour Majority 3,591

1996 election

General election 1996: Napier[24][25][26]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Geoff Braybrooke 17,756 55.11 11,266 34.68
National Kathryn Ward 7,610 23.62 9,554 29.41
Alliance Robin Gwynn 2,865 8.89 3,931 12.10
NZ First Stuart Spencer 2,567 7.97 3,687 11.35
ACT Jean Hill 1,285 3.99 1,738 5.35
Natural Law Ian Levingston 134 0.42 46 0.14
Christian Coalition   1,167 3.59
Legalise Cannabis   674 2.07
United NZ   180 0.55
Animals First   65 0.20
Progressive Green   63 0.19
McGillicuddy Serious   57 0.18
Green Society   19 0.06
Superannuitants & Youth   18 0.06
Ethnic Minority Party 6 0.02
Advance New Zealand 5 0.02
Mana Māori   5 0.02
Asia Pacific United 4 0.01
Conservatives   2 0.01
Libertarianz   2 0.01
Te Tawharau 0 0.00
Informal votes 394 121
Total valid votes 32,217 32,490
Labour hold Majority 10,146 31.49

1931 election

General election, 1931: Napier[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Barnard 5,886 56.86 +2.81
Reform John Butler 4,430 42.79
Independent Vigor Brown 36 0.35
Majority 1,456 14.06 +5.97
Informal votes 45 0.43 −0.25
Turnout 10,397 83.85 −6.37
Registered electors 12,399

1928 election

General election, 1928: Napier[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Barnard 4,095 54.05
Reform John Mason 3,482 45.95 −6.98
Majority 613 8.09 +2.22
Informal votes 52 0.68 −0.29
Turnout 7,629 90.22 −1.66
Registered electors 8,456

1925 election

General election, 1925: Napier[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform John Mason 5,169 52.93 +23.21
Labour Lewis McIlvride 4,596 47.07 +8.95
Majority 573 5.87 −2.53
Informal votes 96 0.97 0.00
Turnout 9,861 91.88 +1.26
Registered electors 10,732

1922 election

General election, 1922: Napier[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Lewis McIlvride 3,465 38.12
Reform John Mason[30] 2,702 29.72
Independent Liberal Albert Jull 1,996 21.96
Reform Vigor Brown[31] 927 10.20 −24.19
Majority 763 8.39 +7.72
Informal votes 89 0.97 −1.00
Turnout 9,179 90.62 +9.35
Registered electors 10,129

1919 election

General election, 1919: Napier[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Vigor Brown 2,763 34.39 −30.82
Labour Frederick Charles Evans[33][34] 2,709 33.72
Ind. Progressive Henry Hill 2,562 31.89
Majority 54 0.67 −29.75
Informal votes 161 1.96 +0.86
Turnout 8,195 81.27 −2.52
Registered electors 10,084

1914 election

General election, 1914: Napier[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Vigor Brown 4,748 65.21 +7.36
Reform George William Venables[36] 2,533 34.79
Majority 2,215 30.42 +14.72
Informal votes 81 1.10 −0.91
Turnout 7,362 83.78 +1.62
Registered electors 8,787

1911 election

General election, 1911: Napier, first ballot[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Vigor Brown 3,920 57.85 −0.02
Labour Henry Hill 2,856 42.15
Majority 1,064 15.70 −0.05
Informal votes 139 2.01
Turnout 6,915 82.16 +4.52
Registered electors 8,416

1908 election

General election, 1908: Napier, first ballot[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Vigor Brown 3,803 57.88
Liberal Alfred Fraser 2,768 42.12 −12.49
Majority 1,035 15.75 −10.33
Turnout 6,571 77.64 −5.39
Registered electors 8,463

1905 election

General election, 1905: Napier[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Alfred Fraser 3,076 54.62 −14.06
Independent Liberal Montague W. P. Lascelles[40][41] 1,607 28.53
Liberal–Labour William James McGrath 949 16.85
Majority 1,469 26.08 −11.28
Informal votes 89 1.56 +0.24
Turnout 5,721 83.03 +8.99
Registered electors

1902 election

General election, 1902: Napier[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Alfred Fraser 2,739 68.68 +18.20
Independent Liberal Richard Joseph Eames[43] 1,249 31.32
Majority 1,490 37.36 +36.40
Informal votes 72 1.31
Turnout 4,060 74.05 −6.06
Registered electors 5,483

1899 election

General election, 1899: Napier[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Alfred Fraser 1,994 50.48
Conservative Douglas Maclean 1,956 49.52 −12.66
Majority 38 0.96 −16.97
Turnout 3,950 80.11 −1.05
Registered electors 4,931[45]

1893 election

General election, 1893: Napier[46][47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Samuel Carnell 2,114 57.01
Conservative George Henry Swan 1,594 42.99 −10.21
Majority 520 14.02
Turnout 3,708 87.87 +12.32
Registered electors 4,220

1890 election

General election, 1890: Napier[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Henry Swan 1,105 53.20
Liberal–Labour Michael Gannon 972 46.80
Majority 133 6.40
Turnout 2,077 75.55
Registered electors 2,749

1861 by-election

1861 Napier by-election[49]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Colenso 47 44.8
Independent Henry Sealy[50][51][52] 30 28.6
Independent John Tucker[53] 23 21.9
Independent J. B. Ferguson[53] 5 4.8
Majority 17 16.2
Turnout 105

Table footnotes

  1. ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 161.
  2. ^ "The Elections". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 4, no. 179. 23 February 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  3. ^ "Election News". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XVIII, no. 5902. 22 October 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  4. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 237.
  5. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. p. 1. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  6. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 188.
  7. ^ "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  8. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 217.
  9. ^ "The General Election". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XXIII, no. 7794. 5 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  10. ^ "Candidate Withdraws". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 279. 25 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  11. ^ a b The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Official Count Results -- Napier". Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  13. ^ a b "Official Count Results -- Napier". Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  14. ^ a b "Official Count Results -- Napier". Wellington: Chief Electoral Office. 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  15. ^ "Chris Tremain Not Contesting 2014 Election". Scoop. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  16. ^ Watkins, Tracy (10 March 2014). "Labour announces Chch Central candidate". The Press. p. A2. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  17. ^ "Referral to the Police 21 July 2014". Electoral Commission. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Election Results -- Napier". Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  19. ^ "2014 General Election Split Voting Statistics - Napier". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  20. ^ Hendery, Simon (20 September 2014). "Napier returns to Labour, Nash returns to Parliament". Hawke's Bay Today. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  21. ^ Wills, Bruce (22 September 2014). "Bruce Wills: Crucial factors show the best team won". Hawke's Bay Today. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  22. ^ "Official Count Results - Napier (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  23. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  24. ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Napier, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  25. ^ "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  26. ^ "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  27. ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  28. ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  29. ^ Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  30. ^ "An Amazing Statement". Maoriland Worker. Vol. 12, no. 301. 6 December 1922. p. 3. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  31. ^ "Recruit for Reform". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LIX, no. 18254. 22 November 1922. p. 11. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  32. ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  33. ^ "Notice of Nominations Received". Hawke's Bay Tribune. Vol. IX, no. 303. 9 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  34. ^ "Napier". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. LXXIV. 7 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  35. ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. p. 10. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  36. ^ "General Election". The Press. Vol. L, no. 15116. 4 November 1914. p. 7. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  37. ^ AtoJs 1911 election 1912, p. 2.
  38. ^ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 8.
  39. ^ The General Election, 1905. National Library. 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  40. ^ "Personal Matters". The Evening Post. Vol. LXX, no. 61. 9 September 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  41. ^ "Deaths". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXVIII, no. 72. 22 September 1939. p. 1. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  42. ^ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  43. ^ "Electoral District of Napier". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXXVII, no. 12308. 1 December 1902. p. 3. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  44. ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  45. ^ McRobie 1989, p. 63.
  46. ^ The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  47. ^ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  48. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  49. ^ "Local Intelligence". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 4, no. 198. 6 July 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  50. ^ "To the Editor of the Hawke's Bay Herald". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 4, no. 201. 27 July 1861. p. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Notice". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 4, no. 188. 27 April 1861. p. 6. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  52. ^ "Sealy, Henry Bowman". Early New Zealand Photographers and their successors. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  53. ^ a b "Local Intelligence". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 4, no. 197. 29 June 1861. p. 4. Retrieved 20 May 2015.

References

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