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Nelya Shtepa

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ihorivna and the family name is Shtepa.
Nelya Shtepa
Неля Штепа
Mayor of Sloviansk
In office
31 October 2010 – 9 July 2014
Personal details
Born (1960-09-13) 13 September 1960 (age 64)
Sloviansk
Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR

Nelya Ihorivna Shtepa (Ukrainian: Неля Ігорівна Штепа; Russian: Не́ля И́горевна Ште́па, Nelia Igorevna Shtepa) is a Ukrainian politician. She was mayor of Sloviansk from 2010 until 2014, when Russian paramilitary troops[1][2] occupied the city. She was imprisoned by the separatists because she refused to fully co-operate with them, freed by Ukrainian forces, but then imprisoned again by Ukrainian authorities for alleged collusion with the Donetsk People's Republic.

Life

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She was born as Nelya Ihorivna Lytvyn (Ukrainian: Неля Ігорівна Литвин) on 13 September 1960 in Sloviansk, then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.[3][4][5] Shtepa entered Sloviansk State Pedagogical Institute in 1979, and began her career as a teacher in 1984. She later held administrative positions, and became a headmistress. During these years, she was a member of the Communist Party. She began to work for Komsomol in 1987. From 1990, she worked in various enterprises as a sales director, and then in some charities. In the 2000s, she joined the Party of Regions. She was elected mayor of Sloviansk on 31 October 2010, winning more than 60% of the vote.[5]

Mayor of Sloviansk during Siege of Sloviansk

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Amidst rising unrest in eastern and southern Ukraine, separatist militants seized a police station in the city of Sloviansk on 13 April 2014. At the time of the seizure, Mayor Shtepa spoke in support of militants, saying that they were local residents, and that she agreed that a referendum on the status of the Donbas region should be held.[6] On the same day, the Ukrainian government launched a military operation to reclaim government buildings occupied by pro-Russian militants across the region.[7] As this operation began, Shtepa said that she did not actually support the separatists, and that their actions were "an occupation". She said that she had only pretended to support them, in an effort to free dozens of hostages held in Sloviansk city buildings that the separatists had seized.[6] Separatist militant Vyacheslav Ponomarev declared himself "people's mayor" of Sloviansk on 14 April, apparently usurping Shetpa. On the following day, she said that the Sloviansk militants were "green men", a reference to the unmarked Russian soldiers that seized Crimea in the lead up to its annexation by Russia in February–March 2014.[6][8] Two days later, she told journalists that many in her city desired more autonomy for the regional government, but that more than 75 percent of Sloviansk residents wanted to remain part of Ukraine.[9]

Nelya Shtepa disappeared on 18 April. At the time, Amnesty International reported that she had attempted to meet with Vyacheslav Ponomarev at the Sloviansk city administration building, and that she had likely been held captive by Ponomarev.[10] In Shtepa's own description of what happened, revealed months later after her eventual release, militants entered her home late at night on 17 April. They forced her into a car, and took her to the city administration building. Ponomarev attempted to force Shtepa to sign a letter of resignation. She refused, and he then beat her into submission. Subsequently, she was forced to voice support for the separatists in a number of interviews with the Russian media, whilst being held captive in the basement of the city administration building.[9]

Shtepa was not seen in public again until Victory Day, when she appeared on stage in the city centre, looking well, giving a strongly pro-Russian speech, urging citizens of Sloviansk to vote in the upcoming referendum. [11]

After Siege of Sloviansk

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After her appearance on May 9th, Shtepa was not seen in public again until 5 July 2014, when Ukrainian forces retook Sloviansk.[9] She was then detained by members of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) on 11 July for allegedly colluding with the separatists, taken to a prison in Kharkiv, and charged under articles 110 (violating the territorial integrity of Ukraine) and 258 (creation of a terrorist organisation) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.[9][12] The Kharkiv regional prosecutors' office announced on 31 October 2014 that it was seeking a sentence of life imprisonment.[13] Amnesty International and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have expressed concerns about the fairness of the judicial proceedings against Shtepa. Journalist and Euromaidan activist Irma Krat, who was also held with Shtepa by Vyacheslav Ponomarev, has refuted the charges against Shtepa, and has volunteered to speak on her behalf.[9] One of the main witnesses for Shtepa's defence, her deputy mayor, was abducted on 30 January 2015, and later found dead. This development was labelled "concerning" by an OHCHR report.[12]

Release and Subsequent Political Career

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Shtepa was released from prison on 20 September 2017, and placed under house arrest.[14] A few weeks later, she was said to have "disappeared".[15] As of mid of 2018, she was known to visit her doctor for intravenous therapy due to heart attack.[16]

Shtepa was a candidate on the national list for the Opposition Platform — For Life party in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[17] In this election the party won 37 seats on the nationwide party list (and 6 constituency seats), but Shtepa was not elected.[18]

On 24 October 2019, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Ukraine should pay Shtepa 3,600 euros in compensation because it violated her right to a trial "within a reasonable time".[19][20] The court turned down her request of 60,100 euros compensation, finding the claims excessive and unfounded.[19]

In January 2020, Shtepa announced that she intended to run for election to become mayor of Sloviansk in the 2020 Ukrainian local elections.[19] She was indeed nominated by the Party for Peace and Development, Shtepa also leads the electoral list of this party for the Sloviansk City Council.[21]

References

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  1. ^ "Insurgents Identified: The Green Men of VKontakte". Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Seventeen kilometers we marched across the border" (in Russian).
  3. ^ "Мэр Славянска празднует юбилей в Австрии (Sloviansk mayor celebrates birthday in Austria)". Donbass News (in Russian). 9 September 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  4. ^ Ivan Farion (11 July 2013). "Мер-хам може запросто закрити храм…". Vysokyy Zamok (in Ukrainian). Lviv. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Nelya Shtepa" (in Russian). Sloviansk City Council. April 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b c "In Ukraine's east, mayor held hostage by insurgent". Yahoo News. Associated Press. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  7. ^ "Ukraine crisis: President vows to fight pro-Russia forces". BBC News. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  8. ^ "Ukrainian troops begin military operation to 'destroy foreign invader'". The Guardian. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Ukraine's prosecution of former Slovyansk mayor alarms rights groups". Al Jazeera America. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  10. ^ "Ukraine: Abducted journalists and officials must be released". Amnesty International. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  11. ^ "На Параде в Славянске выступила Штепа и Губарев" [At the Parade in Slavyansk, Shtepa and Gubarev gave sppeches] (in Russian). 9 May 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine: 1 December 2014 to 15 February 2015" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2 March 2015. p. 18. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  13. ^ "Sloviansk Ex-mayor Shtepa May Be Sentenced to Life in Prison – Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine". Censor.net. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  14. ^ "Одиозную сепаратистку выпустили из СИЗО под крики Слава Украине!: опубликовано видео". Расследования (in Russian). Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  15. ^ "Выпустили из СИЗО под крики Слава Украине! Одиозная сепаратистка исчезла". Расследования (in Russian). Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Неля Штепа: У меня появился настоящий мужчина, защитник". kp.ua (in Russian). Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  17. ^ "Центральна виборча комісія - Вибори народних депутатів України 2019".
  18. ^ CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections, Ukrinform (26 July 2019)
    (in Russian) Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 July 2019)
  19. ^ a b c "Штепа знову балотуватиметься в мери Слов'янська". 23 January 2020.
  20. ^ "European Rights Court Rules In Favor Of Ex-Slovyansk Mayor Accused Of Separatism In Ukraine". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  21. ^ Publication tyzhden.ua [dead link]
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