Jump to content

Porto-Novo

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Oramfe (talk | contribs) at 02:22, 2 December 2015 (→Demographics). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"Porto Novo" redirects here. For other uses, see Porto Novo (disambiguation).
Porto-Novo
Hogbonu, Ajase Ipo
City and commune
Ouando Market, Porto-Novo
Ouando Market, Porto-Novo
Country Benin
DepartmentOuémé
Established16th century
Government
 • MayorEmmanuel ZOSSOU
Area
 • City and commune
110 km2 (40 sq mi)
 • Metro
110 km2 (40 sq mi)
Elevation
38 m (125 ft)
Population
 (2009)[1]
 • City and commune
267,191
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
WebsiteOfficial website
Parliament building of Benin in Porto-Novo

Porto-Novo (also known as Hogbonou and Adjacé) is the official capital of the West African nation of Benin, and was the capital of French Dahomey. The commune covers an area of 110 square kilometres (42 sq mi) and as of 2002 had a population of 223,552 people.[2][3]

The capital's name Porto-Novo is of Portuguese origin, meaning "New Port". It was originally developed as a port for the slave trade, an important part of many European Empires at the time including the Portuguese Empire.

Porto-Novo is a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea, in the southeastern portion of the country. It is Benin's second-largest city, and although Porto-Novo is the official capital, where the national legislature sits, the larger city of Cotonou is the seat of government, where most of the government buildings are situated and government departments operate. The region around Porto-Novo produces palm oil, cotton and kapok. Petroleum was discovered off the coast of the city in the 1990s, and has become an important export.

History

Porto-Novo was once a tributary of the Yoruba kingdom of Oyo[4][5] and there continues to be a sizable Yoruba community in Porto Novo today. The city was originally called Hogbonou and renamed by the Portuguese in the 16th century[4] to Porto Novo (of Portuguese origin), meaning "New Port." It was originally developed as a port for the slave trade.[6] In 1861, the British, who were active in nearby Nigeria, bombarded the city, which persuaded the Kingdom of Porto-Novo to accept French protection in 1863.[7] The neighbouring Kingdom of Dahomey objected to French involvement in the region and war broke out between the two states. In 1883, Porto-Novo was incorporated into the French "colony of Dahomey and its dependencies." In 1900, it became Dahomey's capital city.

The kings of Porto-Novo continued to rule in the city, both officially and unofficially, until the death of the last king, Alohinto Gbeffa, in 1976. From 1908, the king held the title of Chef supérieur.

Many Afro-Brazilians settled in Porto-Novo following their return to Africa after emancipation in Brazil. Brazilian architecture and foods are important to the city's cultural life.

Demographics

Porto Novo had an estimated population of 234,168 in 2005. The population of the city comprises mostly of Yoruba and Ogu people (also Egun), as well as communities from other parts of the country, and from neighboring Nigeria.

Population trend:

  • 1979: 133,168 (census)
  • 1992: 179,138 (census)
  • 2000: 210,400 (estimate)
  • 2002: 223,552 (estimate)
  • 2005: 234,168 (estimate)

Geography and climate

Climate data for Porto Novo
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) 27
(81) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		26
(79) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		26
(79)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 23
(0.9) 		34
(1.3) 		86
(3.4) 		127
(5.0) 		215
(8.5) 		370
(14.6) 		129
(5.1) 		44
(1.7) 		89
(3.5) 		140
(5.5) 		52
(2.0) 		16
(0.6) 		1,326
(52.2)
Source: [8]

Administrative divisions

Landmarks

Mosque in Porto-Novo
  • The Porto Novo Museum of Ethnography contains a large collection of Yoruba masks, as well as items on the history of the city and of Benin.
  • King Toffa's Palace (also known as the Musée Honmé and the Royal Palace), now a museum, shows what life was like for African royalty. The palace and the surrounding district was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on October 31, 1996 in the Cultural category.[9]
  • Jardin Place Jean Bayol is a large plaza which contains a statue of the first King of Porto-Novo.
  • The da Silva Museum is a museum of Benin history. It shows what life was like for the returning Afro-Brazilians
  • The palais de Gouverneur (governor's palace) is the home of the national legislature.

Other sites of interest include a Brazilian-style mosque, and the Institute of Higher Studies of Benin. The Stade Municipale and the Stade Charles de Gaulle are the largest football stadiums in the city.

Adjogan

Adjogan music is endemic to Porto-Novo. The style of music is played on an alounloun, a stick with metallic rings attached which jingle in time with the beating of the stick. The alounloun is said to descend from the staff of office of King Te-Agdanlin. The music is played to honor the King and his ministers. The music is also played in the city's Roman Catholic churches, but the royal bird crest has been replaced with a cross.

Notable people

Economy

Porto-Novo has a cement factory. The city is home to a branch of the Banque Internationale du Bénin, a major bank in Benin, and the Ouando Market.

Transport

In 2016, Porto-Novo is to be served by an extension of the Bénirail train system.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "World Gazetteer". Archived from the original on February 9, 2013.
  2. ^ "Porto Novo". Atlas Monographique des Communes du Benin. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
  3. ^ "Communes of Benin". Statoids. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
  4. ^ a b Erica Kraus; Felicie Reid (2010). Benin (Other Places Travel Guide). Other Places Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-982-2619-10. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  5. ^ Mathurin C. Houngnikpo; Samuel Decalo (2013). Historical Dictionary of Benin (African Historical Dictionaries). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-81087-17-17. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  6. ^ Fiona McLaughlin (2011). Languages of Urban West Africa. ISBN 978-1-4411-5-81-30. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  7. ^ Hargreaves, John (1963). Prelude to the Partition of West Africa. London: MacMilland. pp. 59–60. Retrieved 14 March 2015 – via Questia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Weatherbase". Weatherbase. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  9. ^ La ville de Porto-Novo : quartiers anciens et Palais Royal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
  10. ^ Adjamossi profile, (in French)
  11. ^ Crumbly, Deidre Helen (2008). Spirit, Structure, and Flesh: Gendered Experiences in African Instituted Churches Among the Yoruba of Nigeria p. 54 on. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-299-22910-8. Retrieved February 2010. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Further reading

  • Sappho Charney (1996). "Porto Novo (Oueme, Benin)". In Noelle Watson (ed.). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 588+. ISBN 1884964036. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Porto-Novo.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porto-Novo&oldid=693364534"