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The Knickerbocker Hotel

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The Knickerbocker Hotel
The Knickerbocker Hotel, 2012
The Knickerbocker Hotel is located in New York City
The Knickerbocker Hotel
Location142 West 42nd Street
New York City 10036
Area~ 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2)
Built1901[1] or 1906
ArchitectMarvin & Davis; Price, Bruce
Architectural styleBeaux Arts
NRHP reference No.80002697
Added to NRHPApril 11, 1980[1]

The Knickerbocker Hotel is a hotel located at the southeast corner of Broadway and 42nd Street in New York City. The name "Knickerbocker" is an iconic Dutch surname associated with New York City. Prominent longtime residents of the hotel included Enrico Caruso and George M. Cohan. Built by John Jacob Astor IV (1864–1912) as a showcase of luxury in a time of prosperity, the hostelry closed 15 years later because of financial decline.

The hotel was converted to offices in 1920 and was known as The Knickerbocker Building. It was the home of Newsweek magazine (1940–59) and became the Newsweek Building. After major renovations in 1980 it became known as 1466 Broadway and was used for many years as garment showrooms and offices.[2] During this period it was later known as 6 Times Square. It was converted back to use as a hotel in 2013–15 under its original name.

The building is in the Beaux-Arts style, constructed of red brick with terracotta details and a prominent mansard roof. The architects were Marvin & Davis, with Bruce Price as consultant, and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and designated a New York City Landmark in 1988.

History

Original hotel

A Philadelphia development group organized by J.E. and A.L. Pennock financed the construction of the hotel starting in 1903 on land owned by John Jacob Astor IV. The Pennocks hired architects Bruce Price and Marvin & Davis to design the French Renaissance-style building.[3] One year later, in February 1904, the investment group that sponsored the developers collapsed and the building was left incomplete, with the exterior complete but housing just an empty shell.[4] In May 1905, Astor assumed control of the project and engaged Trowbridge & Livingston, who had just designed his St. Regis Hotel, to complete the interiors.

The Knickerbocker opened October 23, 1906,[3] and quickly became a part of the New York social scene.[5] The $3.3 million hotel contained 556 rooms and luxurious restaurants and bars on the first three floors with seating for 2000 for after-theater dinner. Artist Maxfield Parrish was commissioned to paint a 30-foot-long mural of Old King Cole for the bar. Frederic Remington, Frederick MacMonnies and James Wall Finn also added decorations to the interiors. The bar became so popular that it was nicknamed "The 42nd Street Country Club".[6]

The martini was said to have been invented by the hotel's house bartender in 1912. According to the story, one Martini di Arma di Taggia mixed dry vermouth and gin together and the mixture gained the favor of John D. Rockefeller. (In reality, Rockefeller was a lifelong abstainer from alcohol and tobacco. The actual origin of the martini has been traced to a different drink called "the Martinez".)

The world-famous opera singer Enrico Caruso was a longtime resident of the hotel until it was sold in 1920.[4] He took all his meals at the hotel restaurant, always using the same set of cutlery. On Armistice Day, Caruso appeared at the window of his room and led the crowd outside in singing "The Star-Spangled Banner". He once gave his overcoat to a cold, homeless man on the sidewalk outside the hotel.

After John Jacob Astor IV died on the Titanic in 1912, his son Vincent Astor inherited the hotel. It continued to run successfully under James B. Regan, its operator since opening, until 1920, when Regan retired and surrendered his lease. Prohibition, enacted the year before in 1919, had impacted the hotel's business in its restaurants and bars, and Vincent decided to close the hotel and convert the structure into an office building.

Office use

Vincent Astor hired architect Charles A. Platt to design the conversion. The luxury hotel interiors were completely gutted and the ground levels were converted to stores, while the rest of the building was rebuilt as an office building, with rents from $4 to $5 per square foot,[4] approximately $60 per square foot in 2013.[7] The Old King Cole painting was loaned for a time to the Racquet and Tennis Club on Park Avenue, before being installed permanently at The St. Regis Hotel in 1935.[4] The building became home to Newsweek magazine from 1940 to 1959 and was known as The Newsweek Building.

In 1980, with the office market in a slump, investors Harry Helmsley and David Baldwin converted the office building to residential lofts, with the name 1466 Broadway.[4] However the commercial market quickly recovered and the residential units were instead rented as showrooms and studios for companies in the Garment District. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places April 11, 1980.

Reuse as hotel

In 2004, SL Green sold the building, by then known as 6 Times Square, to Sitt Asset Management, which in turn sold the building in 2006 to Istithmar Hotels, an investment group from the Royal family of Dubai. Istithmar announced plans to convert the building back into a five-star hotel,[8] but they were unable to fulfill their debt obligation and surrendered the property to their lender in early March 2010.[3]

In early February 2012, FelCor Lodging Trust, a U.S. Real estate investment trust, acquired the building at a cost of $115 million.[9] FelCor renovated the property for an additional $115 million,[10] completely gutting it, with the exception of the historic facade,[11] and converting it to a modern 330-room hotel. The hotel reopened on February 12, 2015,[12] under its original name, The Knickerbocker Hotel.[13][14] It offers 300 rooms, including 27 Junior Suites and 4 Signature Suites. It also features a restaurant, a coffee shop and a roof bar overlooking Times Square.[15]

A remnant of the past is a sign for the hotel that can be found in the New York City Subway. The "Knickerbocker" sign is posted over a doorway that once connected to the hotel at the east end of the platform for Track 1 on the 42nd Street Shuttle.[16]

  • The Knickerbocker Hotel, circa 1909
    The Knickerbocker Hotel, circa 1909
  • Subway doorway
    Subway doorway
  • The hotel in 2008, still serving as an office building
    The hotel in 2008, still serving as an office building
  • The hotel at night in 2015
    The hotel at night in 2015

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. ^ Building profile Emporis Buildings
  3. ^ a b c Turkel, Stanley (August 7, 2010). "The Knickerbocker Hotel, New York". Famous Hotels. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  4. ^ a b c d e Gray, Christopher (February 16, 1997). "Beaux-Arts Facade and 'Old King Cole' in the Bar". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  5. ^ Risen, Clay (December 2, 2006). "The Knickerbocker". The Morning News. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  6. ^ Nevius, Michelle and James (January 19, 2012). "Inside the Apple: Knickerbocker Hotel". Blog.insidetheapple.net. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  7. ^ "Inflation Calculator: Bureau of Labor Statistics". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  8. ^ "Dubai Royalty buys Times Square landmark". USA Today. Associated Press. June 6, 2006. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  9. ^ Hogarty, Dave (February 1, 2012). "Knickerbocker Returns". Ny.curbed.com. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  10. ^ Hudson, Kris (February 1, 2012). "Knickerbocker Hotel Knocks Again". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2014-11-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Dailey, Jessica (June 7, 2013). "The Knickerbocker Hotel's Rooftop Bar Takes Shape In Midtown". Curbed New York. Retrieved 2014-11-06. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/11/travel/knickerbocker-hotel-reopening-new-york/
  13. ^ "New York's Knickerbocker Hotel to Join Leading Hotels of the World" (Press release). Leading Hotels of the World. November 25, 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  14. ^ Malandrino, Jim (June 3, 2014). "Iconic Knickerbocker Hotel Re-Opens in Fall 2014" (PDF). TheStreet.com. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  15. ^ http://www.hotelnewsresource.com/article81043.html
  16. ^ "The Door to Nowhere", Knickerbocker Hotel subway door
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