University of Graz

University of Graz
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
	File:University of Graz seal.jpg
	Latin: Carolo Franciscea Graecensis
Motto	Numquam retro
Motto in English	Never back! (Latin)
Type	Public
Established	1585
Affiliation	non-denominational
Endowment	€189.3 million
Rector	Christa Neuper
Academic staff	2,676
Students	31,580
Location	Graz, Styria, Austria
Campus	Urban
Nobel Laureates	6
Affiliations	Coimbra Group, Utrecht Network
Website	uni-graz.at/en
	File:UNI-Logo Siegel-4c 600 300h.jpg

The University of Graz (German: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz), located in Graz, Austria, is the largest and oldest university in Styria, as well as the second-largest and second-oldest university in Austria.

Karl-Franzens-Universität, also referred to as the University of Graz, is the city's oldest university, founded in 1585 by Archduke Charles II of Austria. For most of its existence it was controlled by the Catholic Church, and was closed in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II in an attempt to gain state control over educational institutions. Joseph II transformed it into a lyceum where civil servants and medical personnel were trained. In 1827 it was re-instituted as a university by Emperor Francis I, thus gaining the name Karl-Franzens-Universität, meaning Charles Francis University. Over 30,000 students are currently enrolled at this university.

The university is sub-divided into six different faculties, the two largest ones being the Faculty of Arts and Humanities and Faculty of Natural Sciences. The other faculties are the faculties of Law; Social and Economic Sciences; Environmental, Regional Sciences and Education; and Catholic Theology. The Faculty of Medicine has been separated from the university by state legislation in 2004 and has since become an independent university in the form of the Medical University of Graz. These six distinct faculties offer a wide range of undergraduate (BA, BSc), graduate (MA, MSc), and doctoral degree (PhD) programmes, as well as special teaching degrees in their specific areas of expertise.

Since its re-installation the university has been home to many internationally renowned scientists and thinkers even though its position in international rankings has been in steady decline due to a lack of sufficient funding of educational institutions by the Austrian government. Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the University of Graz twice, once from 1869 to 1873 and once from 1876 to 1890, while he was developing his statistical theory of heat. Nobel Laureate Otto Loewi taught at the university from 1909 until 1938 and Victor Franz Hess (Nobel prize 1936) graduated in Graz and taught here from 1920 to 1931 and 1937 to 1938. Furthermore, the physicist Erwin Schrödinger was briefly chancellor of the University of Graz in 1936.

The University of Graz does not have a distinct faculty of engineering, however, the Graz University of Technology which is focused on engineering and technology offers so-called inter-university undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in cooperation with the university's Faculty of Natural Sciences under the name "NAWI Graz". The main intention behind the cooperation was to avoid duplication of efforts and infrastructure, especially in cost-intensive subjects such as chemistry, industrial chemistry, physics, and geosciences, as both universities are located in close proximity to each other. Student's enrolled in one of these programmes attend lectures and seminars at both universities and are awarded a combined degree at the end of their studies.

Because of the university's geographical location close to the Slovenian border and the two major Slovenian cities, Maribor and Ljubljana, it has traditionally attracted many students from Slovenia and served as a gateway to South-East Europe for Austrian scholars, scientists and businesses. The establishment of the Department for Slovene Language and Literature at the University of Graz, for example, set the foundation for scholarly studies of Slovenian culture, literature, and language bundled in the so-called Slovene studies.^[3]

International acclaim

World university rankings
Leiden Ranking	150
Academic Ranking of World Universities	401–500
Times Higher Education World University Rankings	301–350
QS World University Rankings	373

In almost all international rankings the position of the University of Graz has been in decline in the last decades, especially in all so-called cost-intensive subjects such as the natural sciences, mostly due to a lack of sufficient funding by the Austrian government. Consequently, the university ranks highest in the Arts and Humanities, coming 175th in the 2012 QS World University Rankings, whereas all other subjects areas lag far behind with the Faculty of Social Sciences ranking 335th and the Faculty of Natural Sciences ranking 284th.^[4] This tendency holds true for all state-funded universities in Austria, even including the three times as large University of Vienna. However, in the recently published Leiden Ranking which only asserts the volume and impact of publications, the University of Graz ranked 150th as the only Austrian university being listed in the top 200.^[5]

Religious affiliation

Historically speaking, for most of its existence the University of Graz was controlled by the Catholic Church. Even after its re-installation in 1827 it took until 1848 for the university's basic principles to be readjusted in accordance with the ideals of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the Enlightenment, meaning that the university became autonomous from the state as well as the church and their influence as far as possible.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). The Faculty of Catholic Theology has been retained as a part of the university ever since its it has been established, however, the its importance in terms of students numbers and influence in the board of the university has been diminishing ever since leaving the faculty as "just one of six" within the University of Graz. Evidently, relations between the Catholic Church, especially the local bishop, and the university's Faculty of Theology remain strong yet general policy is not influenced by these connections. Interestingly, to demonstrate the university's independence and its shift of focus the Christogram IHS on the very top of the university's seal has been replaced with the sun, symbolising the Enlightenment and von Humboldt's ideas.^[1]

Nobel prize laureates

Walther Nernst, 1920 in chemistry – studied in Graz in 1886
Fritz Pregl, 1923 in chemistry – in Graz 1913 to 1930
Julius Wagner von Jauregg, 1927 in medicine – in Graz 1889 to 1893
Erwin Schrödinger, 1933 in physics – in Graz 1936 to 1938
Otto Loewi, 1936 in medicine – in Graz 1909 to 1938
Victor Franz Hess, 1936 in physics – studied in Graz 1893–1906 and taught 1919 to 1931 as well as 1937 to 1938
Gerty Cori, 1947 in medicine – in Graz before 1922
Ivo Andrić, 1961 in literature – received his doctorate in Graz in 1924
Karl von Frisch, 1973 in medicine – in Graz 1946 to 1950

Other well-known professors

Hermann Beitzke, pathologist, professor at Graz from 1922 to 1941
Leopold Biwald, professor of Physics, late 18th century
Ludwig Boltzmann, professor of Mathematical Physics 1869 to 1873 and Physics 1876 to 1890
Ludwig Gumplowicz, taught administration 1897–1909
Rudolf von Jaksch, taught pediatrics 1887–1899
Ernst Mach, taught mathematics and physics 1864–67
Ernst Mally, philosopher, founder of Deontic logic 1925–1942
Alexius Meinong (1853–1920), philosopher, founder of the Graz School of phenomenological psychology after 1894
Gustav Meyer, linguist and considered to be one of the founders of Albanology, as a discipline of study, professor since 1881
Rudolf von Scherer, religious law professor 1875–1899
Ludwig Karl Schmarda, founder of the school's Zoological Museum (circa 1851)
Roland Scholl, chemist, professor at the university for some time between 1907–1914
Joseph Schumpeter, economist, later teaching at Harvard University, in Graz 1912 to 1914
Anton Wassmuth, professor of theoretical physics from 1893 to 1914
Alfred Wegener, the father of the continental drift theory, professor of Geophysics from 1924 to 1930
Gustava Aigner (1906–1987, married: Gustava Kahler), an Austrian geologist and palaeontologist

Famous alumni

Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav writer and Nobel Prize laureate
Gabriel Anton, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist
Count Anton Alexander von Auersperg, Austrian poet and politician
Milko Brezigar, Yugoslav economist
Safet Butka, Albanian politician
Izidor Cankar, Slovenian art historian and Yugoslav diplomat
Etbin Henrik Costa, Slovenian politician
Monika Fludernik, Austrian literary scholar
Karl Gurakuqi, Albanian linguist and folklorist
Juraj Habdelić, Croatian writer
Emil Johann Lambert Heinricher, Austrian botanist
Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens, Archbishop of Athens
Ernst Kaltenbrunner, prominent Austrian Nazi official
Janko Kersnik, Slovenian writer
Ferdinand Konščak, Jesuit missionary and cartographer
Karel Lavrič, Slovenian politician
Leo Leixner, War correspondent
Franc Miklošič, Austrian-Slovenian linguist
Heinz Oberhummer, Austrian physicist
Vladimir Šubic, Slovenian architect
Nikola Tesla, Serbian inventor, physicist, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist (did not receive a degree and did not continue beyond the first semester of his third year, during which he stopped attending lectures)
Lovro Toman, Slovenian politician
Franz Unger, Austrian paleontologist
Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austro-Ukrainian journalist and writer of Masochism
Gregory Weeks, jurist and historian
Milan Zver, Slovenian sociologist and politician

References

^ ^a ^b "The university's symbols: Coat of arms and hymn". University of Graz. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "University of Graz: Facts & Figures". University of Graz. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
^ Template:Sl iconhttp://london.veleposlanistvo.si/index.php?id=3162
^ http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/karl-franzens-universitaet-graz
^ http://derstandard.at/1397522602909/Leiden-Ranking-Uni-Graz-auf-Platz-150

Further studies

Höflechner, Walter; Wagner, Ingrid Maria (2006). Geschichte der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz: von den Anfängen bis in das Jahr 2005 (in German). Grazer Universitätsverlag. ISBN 3-7011-0058-6.

External links

47°04′41″N 15°26′57″E / 47.07806°N 15.44917°E / 47.07806; 15.44917

[motto/hymn-1] "The university's symbols: Coat of arms and hymn". University of Graz. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[facts_and_figures-2] "University of Graz: Facts & Figures". University of Graz. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[3] Template:Sl iconhttp://london.veleposlanistvo.si/index.php?id=3162

[4] ttp://www.topuniversities.com/institution/karl-franzens-universitaet-graz

[5] ttp://derstandard.at/1397522602909/Leiden-Ranking-Uni-Graz-auf-Platz-150

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v t e Universities and colleges in Austria
Public universities	Graz University of Technology Johannes Kepler University Linz TU Wien University for Continuing Education Krems University of Graz University of Innsbruck University of Klagenfurt University of Leoben University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna University of Salzburg University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna University of Vienna Vienna University of Economics and Business
Public art schools	Academy of Fine Arts Vienna Mozarteum University Salzburg University of Applied Arts Vienna University of Art and Design Linz University of Music and Performing Arts Graz University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
Public medical schools	Medical University of Graz Medical University of Innsbruck Medical University of Vienna
Private universities	Anton Bruckner Private University Catholic Private University Linz CEU - Central European University Danube Private University Jam Music Lab Modul University Vienna Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna New Design University St. Pölten Paracelsus Medical University Seeburg Castle University Sigmund Freud Private University UMIT Tirol - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology Webster Vienna Private University
See also: List of universities in Austria

v t e Balkan Universities Network
Albania	University of Tirana University of Medicine (Tirana) Epoka University Eqrem Çabej University Fan S. Noli University Luigj Gurakuqi University Vitrina University
Bosnia and Herzegovina	University of Mostar University of Sarajevo University of Tuzla University of Zenica
Bulgaria	Agricultural University of Plovdiv American University in Bulgaria Burgas Free University Medical University–Varna Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen Sofia University University of Library Studies and Information Technologies Technical University of Gabrovo Technical University of Varna University of National and World Economy University of Food Technology Varna Free University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo
Croatia	University of Zadar
Cyprus	European University of Lefke Northern Cyprus
Greece	Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Democritus University of Thrace University of Ioannina University of Macedonia University of Thessaly
Kosovo	Iliria College University of Prishtina University of Priština (North Mitrovica)
North Macedonia	FON University International Balkan University St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje South East European University State University of Tetovo
Moldova	Comrat State University
Montenegro	Mediterranean University University of Montenegro
Romania	Babeș-Bolyai University
Serbia	University of Arts in Belgrade University of Belgrade University of Kragujevac University of Niš University of Novi Sad
Turkey	Atatürk University Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Dokuz Eylül University Fırat University Galatasaray University Istanbul University Kırklareli University Namık Kemal University Süleyman Demirel University Trakya University Bozok University
Guest members	Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Baku State University University of Graz