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Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)

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Whanganui electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Whanganui (known as Wanganui until 1996) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was first established in 1860 for the 3rd Parliament and has existed continuously since then.

Since the 2005 election, it has been held by Chester Borrows of the National Party.

Population centres

In the 1860 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of representatives by 12, reflecting the immense population growth since the original electorates were established in 1853. The redistribution created 15 additional electorates with between one and three members, and the Wanganui and Rangitikei electorate was split into two separate electorates: the Rangitikei electorate and the Wanganui electorate.[1]

The electorate is based on the city of Whanganui, the towns Opunake and Hawera, and smaller centres Kaponga, Eltham, Normanby, Manaia, Patea and Waverley.

History

Henry Shafto Harrison was the first representative. His 7 February 1861 election was declared invalid. He stood again in the 1861 by-election and was elected again. He then served the electorate until the end of the term in 1866.[2][3]

Harrison, John Bryce and John Garner contested the 1866 election. The nomination meeting was held on Friday, 2 March 1866. Harrison, Bryce and Garner received 51, 102 and 7 votes, respectively, at the election on the following day. Bryce was thus declared elected.[4] Bryce resigned in 1867.[5]

The resulting 6 May 1867 by-election was won by Harrison, and he served until the dissolution of Parliament on 30 December 1870.[2]

Bryce was again elected in the 30 January 1871 election. This time, he served three parliamentary terms until the dissolution in November 1881.[5]

Wanganui became a two-member electorate for the 12 January 1875–76 election. Apart from Bryce, Julius Vogel was elected, who was later to become Premier. Vogel resigned on 9 September 1876. [6]

The resulting 2 October 1876 by-election was won by William Fox, resulting in his second period of representation of this electorate. He served until the end of the term on 15 August 1879.[7]

Bryce and John Ballance won the 1879 election. They both server until the end of the term, with Parliament being dissolved on 8 November 1881. [8]

For the 1881 election, the electorate reverted to being represented by a single member. The election, held on 9 December, was won by William Hogg Watt. He served until the end of the term, with Parliament being dissolved on 27 June 1884.[9]

The 1884 election was once again won by John Ballance. This time, he would serve in three successive Parliaments. He died in office on 27 April 1893 during the 11th Parliament. [8] Ballance formed the Liberal Party after the 1890 election and became its leader, and thus introduced party politics to New Zealand. The Liberal Government of New Zealand would last for 21 years and is the longest serving government in New Zealand's history.

Ballance’s death triggered the 1893 by-election, which was held on 13 June and won by Archibald Willis, who was re-elected at the 1893 election a few months later.[10]

Gilbert Carson was successful in the 1896 election. He served one term.[11] He was succeeded by Willis in the 1899 election, who served two more terms for the electorate.[10]

James Thomas Hogan won the 1905 election. He served two terms[12] and was defeated in the 1911 election by Bill Veitch.

Veitch had a long career in the electorate, serving until 1935, when he defeated. He was initially an Independent, but joined the Liberal Party in 1925, and changed to the United Party in 1928.

Joseph Cotterill won the electorate in the 1935 election for the Labour Party. He also had a long career, retiring in 1960 from the Wanganui seat.

He was succeeded by his party colleague George Spooner in the 1960 election, who served three terms and was defeated in 1969 election by William Tolhurst from the National Party.

Tolhurst served one term and at the 1972 election, the electorate returned to Labour. Russell Marshall served six terms and retired in 1990.

In the 1990 election, Cam Campion secured the seat for National. He retired in 1993 and died two years after that.

The seat returned to Labour again, with Jill Pettis winning the 1993 election. She was the first woman to represent Wanganui. She served four terms, until she was defeated in the 2005 election by current holder of the electorate, Chester Borrows of the National Party.[13] Pettis served an additional term as a List MP until 2008.

Several members (Fox, Vogel and Ballance) became Premier. Terry Heffernan stood in the electorate five times for four parties, from 1981 to 1993.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.

Key

  Independent   Liberal   Conservative   Liberal–Labour   United Labour   United   Labour   National

single-member electorate

Election Winner
1861 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color Henry Harrison
1861 by-election
1866 election Template:Meta color John Bryce
1867 by-election Template:Meta color Henry Harrison (2nd time)
1871 election Template:Meta color John Bryce (2nd time)

multi-member electorate

Election Winners
1876 election rowspan=3 Template:Meta color John Bryce width=5 bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | Julius Vogel
1876 by-election Template:Meta color William Fox
1879 election Template:Meta color John Ballance

single-member electorate

Election Winner
1881 election Template:Meta color William Watt
1884 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color John Ballance (2nd time)
1887 election
1890 election Template:Meta color
1893 by-election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color Archibald Willis
1893 election
1896 election Template:Meta color Gilbert Carson
1899 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color Archibald Willis (2nd time)
1902 election
1905 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color James Thomas Hogan
1908 election
1911 election Template:Meta color Bill Veitch
1914 election Template:Meta color
1919 election Template:Meta color
1922 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color
1925 election
1928 election rowspan=2 Template:Meta color
1931 election
1935 election rowspan=8 Template:Meta color Joseph Cotterill
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election rowspan=3 Template:Meta color George Spooner
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election Template:Meta color William Tolhurst
1972 election rowspan=6 Template:Meta color Russell Marshall
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election Template:Meta color Cam Campion
1993 election rowspan=4 Template:Meta color Jill Pettis
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election rowspan=4 Template:Meta color Chester Borrows
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1996 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color | Peter Gresham
2005 election width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color | Jill Pettis

Election results

2014 election

General election, 2014: Whanganui[14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Chester Borrows 18,649 53.15 -0.54 16,687 47.13 -0.43
Labour Hamish McDouall 14,144 40.31 +2.80 9,012 25.45 -1.96
Conservative Party of New Zealand Kim MacIntyre 872 2.49 +2.49 1,771 5.00 +1.77
Māori Party Nancy Tuaine 610 1.74 +1.74 205 0.58 +0.13
ACT Alan Daniel Davidson 252 0.72 +0.29 167 0.47 -0.61
Democrats Heather Marion Smith 208 0.59 +0.20 57 0.16 +0.01
NZ First   4,221 11.92 +2.39
Green   2,546 7.19 -1.77
Internet Mana   259 0.73 +0.49
Legalise Cannabis   190 0.54 -0.01
United Future   75 0.21 -0.24
Ban 1080   56 0.16 +0.16
Civilian   22 0.06 +0.06
Focus   14 0.04 +0.04
Independent Coalition   13 0.04 +0.04
Informal votes 350 112
Total valid votes 35,085 35,407
National hold Majority 4,505 12.84 -3.34

2011 election

General election, 2011: Whanganui[15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Chester Borrows 16,743 53.69 -2.61 15,151 47.56 +1.25
Labour Hamish McDouall 11,697 37.51 -0.10 8,733 27.41 -8.10
Green John Milnes 1,444 4.63 +0.19 2,855 8.96 +3.68
NZ First Ian Brougham 1,043 3.34 +3.34 3,035 9.53 +4.39
ACT Alan Daniel Davidson 135 0.43 -0.56 345 1.08 -1.99
Democrats Heather Marion Smith 121 0.39 -0.28 47 0.15 -0.07
Conservative Party of New Zealand   1,030 3.23 -+3.23
Māori Party   225 0.71 -0.29
Legalise Cannabis   176 0.55 +0.21
United Future   143 0.45 -0.20
Mana   75 0.24 +0.24
Libertarianz   22 0.07 +0.02
Alliance   21 0.07 -0.02
Informal votes 616 235
Total valid votes 31,183 31,858
National hold Majority 5,046 16.18 -2.51

Electorate (as at 11 November 2011): 43,350[16]

2008 election

General election, 2008: Whanganui[17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Chester Borrows 19,072 56.30 15,869 46.30
Labour Hamish McDouall 12,739 37.61 12,170 35.51
Green John Milnes 1,503 4.44 1,809 5.28
ACT Alan Davidson 336 0.99 1,052 3.07
Democrats Heather Marion Smith 225 0.66 73 0.21
NZ First   1,761 5.14
Māori Party   342 1.00
Progressive   253 0.74
Bill and Ben   249 0.73
United Future   224 0.65
Kiwi   186 0.54
Legalise Cannabis   116 0.34
Family Party   91 0.27
Alliance   28 0.08
Libertarianz   18 0.05
Workers Party   16 0.05
Pacific   10 0.03
RONZ   3 0.01
RAM   2 0.01
Informal votes 304 162
Total valid votes 33,875 34,272
National hold Majority 6,333

2005 election

General election, 2005: Whanganui[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Chester Borrows 15,846 49.28 +9.70 13,417 41.13
Labour Red XN Jill Pettis 13,444 41.81 -4.56 13,045 39.99
Green John Milnes 1,171 3.64 1,466 4.49
United Future David Ball 502 1.56 885 2.71
Māori Party Aaron Makutu 429 1.33 265 0.841
Progressive Debbie Lucas 371 1.15 448 1.37
One NZ Ian Brougham 214 0.67 52 0.16
Democrats Malcolm Murchie 175 0.54 68 0.21
NZ First   2,185 6.70
ACT   296 0.91
Destiny   282 0.86
Legalise Cannabis   68 0.21
Christian Heritage   62 0.19
Alliance   31 0.10
99 MP   18 0.06
Libertarianz   16 0.05
Family Rights   7 0.02
RONZ   7 0.02
Direct Democracy   6 0.02
Informal votes 376 144
National gain from Labour Majority 2,402 7.47 +14.26

1935 election

General election, 1935: Wanganui[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Joseph Cotterill 4,887 46.30
Democrat Bill Veitch 3,318 31.44 −21.63
Reform N R Bain 1,754 16.62
Independent Liberal James Thomas Hogan 524 4.96
Majority 1,569 14.86
Informal votes 70 0.66
Turnout 10,553

1931 election

General election, 1931: Wanganui[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Bill Veitch 5,096 53.07 +5.52
Labour Bill Rogers 4,506 46.93 +19.79
Majority 590 6.14 −14.26
Informal votes 50 0.52 −0.05
Turnout 9,652 83.18 −4.55
Registered electors 11,604

1928 election

General election, 1928: Wanganui[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Bill Veitch 4,979 47.55 +4.28
Labour Bill Rogers 2,842 27.14 +4.80
Reform N J Lewis 2,650 25.31
Majority 2,137 20.41 +11.52
Informal votes 60 0.57 −0.11
Turnout 10,531 87.73 −4.09
Registered electors 12,004

1925 election

General election, 1925: Wanganui[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Bill Veitch 4,339 43.27
Reform John Coull[23] 3,448 34.39
Labour Bill Rogers 2,240 22.34
Majority 891 8.89
Informal votes 69 0.68
Turnout 10,096 91.82
Registered electors 10,996

1908 election

General election, 1908: Wanganui, first ballot[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal–Labour James Thomas Hogan 3,041 45.85
Conservative George Hutchison 1,882 28.37
Independent Charles Mackay 1,710 25.78
Majority 1,159 17.47
Turnout 6,633 78.06
Registered electors 8,497
General election, 1908: Wanganui, second ballot[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal–Labour James Thomas Hogan 3,602 54.30 +8.46
Conservative George Hutchison 2,860 43.12 14.74
Majority 742 11.19 −6.29
Turnout 6,462 76.05 −2.01
Registered electors 8,497

1899 election

General election, 1899: Wanganui[26][27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Archibald Willis 2,878 55.83
Conservative Gilbert Carson 2,169 42.08
Independent Liberal John Michael Murphy 108 2.10
Majority 709 13.75
Turnout 5,155 80.53
Registered electors 6,401

1893 by-election

1893 Wanganui by-election[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Archibald Willis 1,031 62.37
Conservative Gilbert Carson 622 37.62
Majority 409 24.74
Turnout 1,653

1890 election

General election, 1890: Wanganui[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Ballance 808 50.85 −15.95
Conservative Gilbert Carson 781 49.15 +15.95
Majority 27 1.69 −31.9
Turnout 1,589 75.20 −4.19
Registered electors 2,113

1887 election

General election, 1887: Wanganui[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent John Ballance 865 66.80
Independent Gilbert Carson 430 33.20
Majority 435 33.59
Turnout 1,295 79.39
Registered electors 1,631

1884 election

General election, 1884: Wanganui[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent John Ballance 541 60.11 +10.36
Independent George Hutchison 205 22.77
Independent William Hogg Watt 154 17.11 −33.14
Majority 336 37.33 2.69
Turnout 900 66.86
Registered electors 1,346

1881 election

General election, 1881: Wanganui[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Hogg Watt 397 50.25
Independent John Ballance 393 49.75 −18.28
Majority 4 0.50
Turnout 790 64.17 +4.44
Registered electors 1,231

1879 election

General election, 1879: Wanganui[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent John Bryce 560 69.65
Independent John Ballance 547 68.03
Independent Sir William Fox 501 62.31
Majority 46 5.72
Turnout 804 59.73
Registered electors 1,346

Notes

  1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 32f.
  2. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 100.
  3. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 203.
  4. ^ "The Wanganui Election". Wellington Independent. Vol. XXI, no. 2331. 6 March 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  5. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 81.
  6. ^ Scholefield 1925, pp. 142–143.
  7. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 94.
  8. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 77.
  9. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 145.
  10. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 147.
  11. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 84.
  12. ^ Scholefield 1925, p. 103.
  13. ^ "Hon Chester Borrows". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  14. ^ 2014 election results
  15. ^ 2011 election results
  16. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
  17. ^ 2008 election results
  18. ^ 2005 election results
  19. ^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  20. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  21. ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 5. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  22. ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 3. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Local and General News". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXII, no. 19163. 31 October 1925. p. 12. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  24. ^ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 30.
  25. ^ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 11.
  26. ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  27. ^ "Electoral District of Wanganui". Wanganui Chronicle. Vol. XLIII, no. 1500. 5 December 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Wanganui Election". Woodville Examiner. Vol. VIII, no. 2054. 12 June 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  29. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  30. ^ "The General Election, 1887". National Library. 1887. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  31. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1884). The General Election, 1884. National Library. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  32. ^ Cooper, G. S. (1882). Votes Recorded for Each Candidate. Government Printer. Retrieved 24 October 2015. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  33. ^ "Wanganui Election". Vol. XII, no. 9507. Wanganui Herald. 6 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 November 2016.

References

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