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Will Keith Kellogg

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Will Keith Kellogg
File:Will Keith Kellogg .jpg
Born
Will Keith Kellogg

(1860-04-07)April 7, 1860
Battle Creek, Michigan
DiedOctober 6, 1951(1951-10-06) (aged 91)
Battle Creek, Michigan
Cause of deathHeart failure
Resting placeOak Hill Cemetery, Battle Creek, Michigan[1]
NationalityAmerican
EducationParson’s Business College
Spouse(s)Ella Davis (1858–1912), m. 1880
Carrie Staines Kellogg (1867–1948) m. 1918
ChildrenKarl Hugh Kellogg (1881–1955), John Leonard Kellogg (1880–1950), Will Keith Kellogg II (1885–1889), Elizabeth Ann Kellogg (1888–1966), Irvin Hadley Kellogg (1894–1895)
Parent(s)John Preston Kellogg (1807–1881) and Ann Janette Stanley Kellogg (1824–1893)
RelativesJohn Harvey Kellogg – brother
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Will Keith Kellogg, generally referred to as W.K. Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951), was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company, which to this day produces a wide variety of popular breakfast cereals. He was a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and practiced vegetarianism as a dietary principle taught by his church.[2][3][4] Later, he founded the Kellogg Arabian Ranch and made it into a renowned establishment for the breeding of Arabian horses. Kellogg started the Kellogg Foundation in 1934 with $66 million in Kellogg company stock and investments, a donation that would be worth over a billion dollars in today's economy. Kellogg continued to be a major philanthropist throughout his life.[5]

Early career

As a young businessman, Kellogg started out selling brooms, before moving to Battle Creek, Michigan, to help his brother John Harvey Kellogg run the Battle Creek Sanitarium. The Sanitarium, originally the Western Health Reform Institute, was part of a pioneering effort based on the health principles advocated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Kellogg described the Sanitarium system as "a composite physiologic method comprising hydrotherapy, phototherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, mechanotherapy, dietetics, physical culture, cold-air cure, and health training".[6] The Kelloggs pioneered the process of making flaked cereal. Because of the commercial potential of the discovery, Will wanted it kept a secret. John, however, allowed anyone in the sanitarium to observe the flaking process and one sanitarium guest, C. W. Post, copied the process to start his own company. The company became Post Cereals and later General Foods, the source of Post's first million dollars. This upset Will to the extent that he left the sanitarium to create his own company.

Kellogg cereals

With the help of his brother John, Will Kellogg promoted cereals, especially corn flakes, as a healthy breakfast food. They started the Sanitas Food Company around 1897, focusing on the production of their whole grain cereals. At the time, the standard breakfast for the well-off was eggs and meat, while the poor ate porridge, farina, gruel and other boiled grains. The brothers eventually argued over the addition of sugar to their product. In 1906, Will founded the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, later becoming the Kellogg Company.

In 1930, he established the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, ultimately donating $66 million to it.[5] His company was one of the first to put nutrition labels on foods. He also offered the first inside-the-box prize for children.[7] Kellogg said, "I will invest my money in people."

During the Great Depression, Kellogg directed his cereal plant to work four shifts, each lasting six hours. This gave more people in Battle Creek the opportunity to work during that time.[8]

Arabian horse breeder

W.K. Kellogg and his Arabian horse Antez at Kellogg's former Arabian horse ranch (now Cal Poly Pomona).

Kellogg had a longtime interest in Arabian horses. In 1925, he purchased 377 acres (1.5 km2) for $250,000 in Pomona, California, to establish an Arabian horse ranch. Starting with breeding stock descended from the imports of Homer Davenport and W.R. Brown, Kellogg then looked to England, where he purchased a significant number of horses from the Crabbet Arabian Stud, making multiple importations during the 1920s. The Kellogg ranch became well known in southern California not only for its horse breeding program but also for its entertaining, weekly horse exhibitions, open to the public and frequently visited by assorted Hollywood celebrities. Among many other connections to Hollywood, the actor Rudolph Valentino borrowed the Kellogg stallion, "Jadaan," for use in his 1926 movie, Son of the Sheik,[9] along with a Kellogg employee, Carl Raswan, who rode in certain scenes as Valentino's stunt double.[10]

In 1932, Kellogg donated the ranch, which had grown to 750 acres (3 km²), to the University of California. In 1933, the ranch obtained some of the horses sold in the dispersal of Brown's Maynesboro stud.[11] During World War II, the ranch was taken over by the U.S. War Department and was known as the Pomona Quartermaster Depot (Remount).

In 1948, the ranch was transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture; and in 1949, the land was deeded to the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Later in 1949, title to the then 813-acre (3.3 km2) ranch and horses was passed to the State of California, with the provision that the herd of Arabian horses must be maintained. The ranch became part of the Voorhis unit of what was then known as the California Polytechnic State College in San Luis Obispo. This became known as the Kellogg Campus, and in 1966, it was separated to form California State Polytechnic College Pomona (now California State Polytechnic University, Pomona).[12][13]

The ranch was also the location of the W.K. Kellogg Airport (not to be confused with the W. K. Kellogg Airport in Battle Creek, Michigan). It operated from 1928 to 1932, and was then the largest privately owned airport in the country.[14]

Some of Kellogg's property near Battle Creek, Michigan, was donated to Michigan State College (later known as Michigan State University) and is now the Kellogg Biological Station.

Death

Will Keith Kellogg died at the age of 91 in Battle Creek, Michigan, on October 6, 1951, of heart failure.[15]

Kellogg outlived most of his children, but was survived by two living children, Karl Hugh (d. 1955) and Elizabeth Ann (d. 1966), as well as grandson Norman Williamson, Jr. (d. 2001).

Philanthropy

The Kellogg Foundation quotes W.K. as follows:

It is my hope that the property that kind Providence has brought me may be helpful to many others, and that I may be found a faithful steward.

The philanthropy of W. K. Kellogg is recognized as instrumental to the founding of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) and Kellogg College, Oxford.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Will Keith Kellogg at Find a Grave
  2. ^ "Will Keith Kellogg".
  3. ^ "Kellogg, Will Keith - Overview, Personal Life, Chronology: Will Keith Kellogg, Career Details, Social and Economic Impact".
  4. ^ Kellogg’s Corn Flakes Newsfinder
  5. ^ a b Kelloggs history, William Keith (W. K.) Kellogg legacy
  6. ^ Kellogg, J.H., M.D., Superintendent (1908). The Battle Creek Sanitarium System. History, Organisation, Methods. Michigan: Battle Creek. p. 13. Retrieved October 30, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  7. ^ Kellogg Company Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd Ed.
  8. ^ Will Keith Kellogg Entrepreneur
  9. ^ Roeder, Walter H. (Fall 1988). "Jadaan, The Sheik, and the Cereal Baron". The Cal Poly Scholar. 1. University Library: 99–103. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Dudley, Aaron. "JADAAN: The Horse That Valentino Rode", The Western Horseman, Mar 1952 reprinted at Windt im Walt Farm, web site accessed April 5, 2010
  11. ^ Kirkman, Mary (2012). "Domestic Arabians". Arabian Horse Bloodlines. Arabian Horse Association. Retrieved 2012-08-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ History of Cal Poly Pomona
  13. ^ W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Library
  14. ^ Roeder, Walter H. (Fall 1989). "The W. K. Kellogg Airport". The Cal Poly Scholar. 2. University Library: 129–134. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
  15. ^ "W.K. Kellogg, 91, Dead in Michigan. Breakfast Food Manufacturer Set Up Multi-Million Dollar Welfare Foundation in '30". Associated Press in New York Times. October 7, 1951. Will Keith Kellogg, founder of the breakfast cereal company that bears his name, died here today in Leila Hospital. The pioneer cereal manufacturer, known to millions by his breakfast food trade mark initials – W.K. – succumbed at the age of 91 after a long circulatory illness. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  16. ^ The Philanthropy Hall of Fame, W.K. Kellogg

References


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