Jump to content

World record progression 100 metres freestyle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by DH85868993 (talk | contribs) at 04:25, 12 October 2018 (gr). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Main article: List of world records in swimming

The first world record in the men's 100 metres freestyle in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1905.[1] In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991.

Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and new developments in the sport.

In the first four Olympics competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896– The Mediterranean Sea, 1900– The Seine River, 1904– an artificial lake, 1906– The Mediterranean Sea). The 1904 Olympics freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 metres. A 100-metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.

Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.

In 2008, leading up to the Olympics, Speedo introduced a 50% Polyurethane suit dubbed LZR. Pure polyurethane suits from Arena (X-Glide), Adidas (Hydrofoil) and Italian suit manufacturer, Jaked were thought to be largely responsible for the multiple World Records in 2009 including at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships (dubbed the "Plastic Games"). FINA announced a ban on non-textile suits that took effect on January 2010.[2]

The 1924 Summer Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dived from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The tumble turn ("flip-turn") was developed by the 1950s.

Graphic data for World Record Progression in Men and Women Swimming 50m-100m-200m Long and Short Course Butterfly-Backstroke-Breaststroke-Freestyle

Men

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1 1:05.8 Zoltán Halmay  Hungary 3 Dec 1905 – Vienna, Austria [3]
2 1:05.6 Charles Daniels  United States 20 Jul 1908 Olympic Games London, United Kingdom [4]
3 1:02.8 (tt) Charles Daniels  United States 15 Apr 1910 Special record attempt by the New York AC New York City, United States [5]
4 1:02.4 Kurt Bretting  Germany 6 Apr 1912 – Brussels, Belgium [6]
5 1:01.6 Duke Kahanamoku  United States 20 Jul 1912 German Championships Hamburg, Germany
6 1:01.4 Duke Kahanamoku  United States 9 Aug 1918 International exhibition New York City, United States [7]
7 1:00.4 Duke Kahanamoku  United States 24 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium
8 58.6 Johnny Weissmuller  United States 19 Jul 1922 – Alameda, California, United States
9 57.4 Johnny Weissmuller  United States 17 Feb 1924 – Miami, United States
10 56.8 Peter Fick  United States 2 Mar 1934 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [8]
11 56.6 (tt) Peter Fick  United States 5 Mar 1935 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [9]
12 56.4 Peter Fick  United States 11 Feb 1936 Yale Benefit Event for the United States Olympic team New Haven, United States [10]
13 55.9 (tt) Alan Ford  United States 13 Apr 1944 Special record attempt New Haven, United States [11]
14 55.8 Alex Jany  France 15 Sep 1947 – Menton, France
15 55.4 (tt) Alan Ford  United States 29 Jun 1948 New Haven Swim Club team time trial New Haven, United States [12]
16 54.8 (tt) Dick Cleveland  United States 1 Apr 1954 AAU Championships New Haven, United States [13]
17 55.4 Jon Henricks  Australia 30 Nov 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [14]
18 55.2 John Devitt  Australia 19 Jan 1957 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [15]
19 54.6 John Devitt  Australia 28 Jan 1957 Queensland State Championships Brisbane, Australia [16]
20 54.4 Steve Clark  United States 18 Aug 1961 Men's NAAA Championships Los Angeles, United States [17]
21 53.6 (tt) Manuel dos Santos  Brazil 20 Sep 1961 Special record attempt by the CR Guanabara Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
22 52.9 Alain Gottvallès  France 13 Sep 1964 – Budapest, Hungary
22= 52.9 (r) Steve Clark  United States 14 Oct 1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan [18]
23 52.6 (r) Ken Walsh  United States 27 Jul 1967 Pan American Games Winnipeg, Canada [19]
23= 52.6 Zac Zorn  United States 2 Sep 1968 USA Olympic Trials (elec. 52.58) Los Angeles, United States [20]
24 52.2 Michael Wenden  Australia 19 Oct 1968 Olympic Games Mexico City, Mexico [21]
25 51.94 (h) Mark Spitz  United States 23 Aug 1970 AAU Championships Los Angeles, United States [22]
26 51.47 (h) Mark Spitz  United States 5 Aug 1972 USA Olympic Trials Chicago, United States [23]
27 51.22 Mark Spitz  United States 3 Sep 1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany [24]
28 51.12 (h) Jim Montgomery  United States 21 Jun 1975 AAU World Championship Trials Long Beach, United States [25]
29 51.11 Andy Coan  United States 3 Aug 1975 An Amateur Athletic Union Region Four meet Fort Lauderdale, United States [26]
30 50.59 (sf) Jim Montgomery  United States 23 Aug 1975 AAU Championships Kansas City, United States [27]
31 50.39 (sf) Jim Montgomery  United States 24 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [28]
32 49.99 Jim Montgomery  United States 25 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [29]
33 49.44 Jonty Skinner  South Africa 14 Aug 1976 AAU Championships Philadelphia, United States [30]
34 49.36 (tt) Rowdy Gaines  United States 3 Apr 1981 Longhorn Invitational Austin, United States
35 49.24 (h) Matt Biondi  United States 6 Aug 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [31]
36 48.95 Matt Biondi  United States 6 Aug 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [32]
37 48.74 Matt Biondi  United States 24 Jun 1986 USA World Championships Trials Orlando, United States [33]
38 48.42 Matt Biondi  United States 10 Aug 1988 USA Olympic Trials Austin, United States
39 48.21 Alexander Popov  Russia 18 Jun 1994 International Swimming Meeting of Monte Carlo Monte-Carlo, Monaco
40 48.18 (r) Michael Klim  Australia 16 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [34]
41 47.84 (sf) Pieter van den Hoogenband  Netherlands 19 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [35]
42 47.60 (sf) Alain Bernard  France 21 Mar 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [36]
43 47.50 Alain Bernard  France 22 Mar 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [37]
44 47.24 (r) Eamon Sullivan  Australia 11 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [38]
45 47.20 (sf) Alain Bernard  France 13 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [39]
46 47.05 (sf) Eamon Sullivan  Australia 13 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China
47 46.94 Alain Bernard  France 23 Apr 2009 French National Championships Montpellier, France [40][41]
48 46.91 César Cielo  Brazil 30 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [42]

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
WBT 48.20 Michael Gross  West Germany 11 Feb 1988 ? Offenbach, Germany [43]
[44]
1 47.94 Gustavo Borges  Brazil 2 Jul 1993 Brazil Nationals Santos, São Paulo, Brazil [45]
2 47.83 Alexander Popov  Russia 1 Jan 1994 World Cup Hong Kong
3 47.82 Alexander Popov  Russia 5 Jan 1994 World Cup Beijing, China
4 47.12 Alexander Popov  Russia 12 Mar 1994 World Cup Desenzano del Garda, Italy
5 46.74 Alexander Popov  Russia 19 Mar 1994 World Cup Gelsenkirchen, Germany
6 46.25 Ian Crocker  United States 27 Mar 2004 NCAA Men's Division 1 Championships East Meadow, United States [46]
6= 46.25 Roland Schoeman  South Africa 22 Jan 2005 World Cup Berlin, Germany [47]
7 45.83 Stefan Nystrand  Sweden 17 Nov 2007 World Cup Berlin, Germany [48]
8 45.69 Alain Bernard  France 7 Dec 2008 French SC Championships Angers, France
9 45.12 (sf) Amaury Leveaux  France 12 Dec 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia [49]
10 44.94 Amaury Leveaux  France 13 Dec 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia

Women

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1 1:35.0 Martha Gerstung  Germany 18 Oct 1908 – Magdeburg, Germany
2 1:26.6 Claire Guttenstein  Belgium 2 Oct 1910 – Schaerbeek, Belgium
3 1:24.6 Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 29 Sep 1911 – Liverpool, United Kingdom
4 1:20.6 Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 10 Jun 1912 – Birkenhead, United Kingdom
5 1:19.8 Fanny Durack  Australia 9 Jul 1912 Olympic Games Stockholm, Sweden [50]
6 1:18.8 Fanny Durack  Australia 21 Jul 1912 German Championships Hamburg, Germany
7 1:16.2 Fanny Durack  Australia 6 Feb 1915 NSW Ladies' Amateur Championships Sydney, Australia [51]
8 1:14.4 sf Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 23 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium [52]
9 1:13.6 Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 25 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium [53]
10 1:12.8 Gertrude Ederle  United States 30 Jun 1923 – Newark, New Jersey, United States [54]
11 1:12.2 h Mariechen Wehselau  United States 19 Jul 1924 Olympic Games Paris, France
12 1:10.0 Ethel Lackie  United States 28 Jan 1926 – Toledo, OH, United States [55]
13 1:09.8 Eleanor Garatti  United States 7 Aug 1929 National AAU women's swimming meet Honolulu, Hawaii [56]
14 1:09.4 Albina Osipowich  United States 25 Aug 1929 – San Francisco, United States
15 1:08.0 Helene Madison  United States 14 Mar 1930 National AAU Women's Indoor Swimming and Diving Championships Miami Beach, United States [57]
16 1:06.6 Helene Madison  United States 20 Apr 1931 – Boston, United States
17 1:06.0 Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 9 Jul 1933 – Antwerp, Belgium
18 1:05.4 Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 24 Feb 1934 – Amsterdam, Netherlands
19 1:04.8 Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 15 Apr 1934 – Rotterdam, Netherlands
20 1:04.6 Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 27 Feb 1936 – Amsterdam, Netherlands
21 1:04.5 Dawn Fraser  Australia 21 Feb 1956 Australian Championships Sydney, Australia [58]
22 1:04.2 Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 3 Mar 1956 – Amsterdam, Netherlands
23 1:04.0 Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 14 Apr 1956 – Schiedam, Netherlands
24 1:03.3 Dawn Fraser  Australia 25 Aug 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Townsville, Australia [59]
25 1:03.2 Lorraine Crapp  Australia 20 Oct 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Sydney, Australia [60]
26 1:02.4 Lorraine Crapp  Australia 25 Oct 1956 Australian Olympic Trials Melbourne, Australia [61]
27 1:02.0 Dawn Fraser  Australia 1 Dec 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [62]
28 1:01.5 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 18 Feb 1958 Australian Championships Melbourne, Australia [63]
29 1:01.4 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 21 Jul 1958 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Cardiff, United Kingdom [64]
30 1:01.2 Dawn Fraser  Australia 10 Aug 1958 – Schiedam, Netherlands
31 1:00.2 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 23 Feb 1960 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [65]
32 1:00.0 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 23 Oct 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [66]
33 59.9 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 27 Oct 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [67]
34 59.5 yd Dawn Fraser  Australia 24 Nov 1962 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Perth, Australia [68]
35 58.9 Dawn Fraser  Australia 29 Feb 1964 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [69]
35= 58.9 Shane Gould  Australia 30 Apr 1971 Coca Cola International London, United Kingdom [70]
36 58.5 Shane Gould  Australia 8 Jan 1972 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [71]
37 58.25 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 13 Jul 1973 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
38 58.12 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 18 Aug 1973 – Utrecht, Netherlands
39 57.61 r Kornelia Ender  East Germany 8 Sep 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
40 57.54 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 9 Sep 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
41 57.51 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 4 Jul 1974 GDR Nationals & European Championship Trials Rostock, East Germany
42 56.96 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 19 Aug 1974 European Championships Vienna, Austria
43 56.38 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 14 Mar 1975 GDRvURS Duel Dresden, East Germany
44 56.22 r Kornelia Ender  East Germany 26 Jul 1975 World Championships Cali, Colombia
45 55.73 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 1 Jun 1976 GDR Olympic Trials East Berlin, East Germany
46 55.65 Kornelia Ender  East Germany 19 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montréal, Canada
47 55.41 Barbara Krause  East Germany 5 Jul 1978 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
48 54.98 h Barbara Krause  East Germany 20 Jul 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
49 54.79 Barbara Krause  East Germany 21 Jul 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
50 54.73 r Kristin Otto  East Germany 19 Aug 1986 World Championships Madrid, Spain
51 54.48 h Jenny Thompson  United States 1 Mar 1992 USA Olympic Trials Indianapolis, United States [72]
52 54.01 Jingyi Le  China 5 Sep 1994 World Championships Rome, Italy [73]
53 53.80 Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 28 May 2000 Super Speedo Grand Prix Sheffield, United Kingdom [74]
54 53.77 sf Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 20 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [75]
55 53.66 sf Libby Lenton  Australia 31 Mar 2004 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [76]
56 53.52 sf Jodie Henry  Australia 18 Aug 2004 Olympic Games Athens, Greece [77]
57 53.42 sf Libby Lenton  Australia 31 Jan 2006 Australian Championships & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [78]
58 53.30 Britta Steffen  Germany 2 Aug 2006 European Championships Budapest, Hungary [79]
59 52.88 Libby Trickett  Australia 27 Mar 2008 Australian Championships Sydney, Australia [80]
60 52.85 Britta Steffen  Germany 25 Jun 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [81]
61 52.56 Britta Steffen  Germany 27 Jun 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [82]
62 52.22 r Britta Steffen  Germany 26 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [83]
63 52.07 Britta Steffen  Germany 31 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [83]
64 52.06 Cate Campbell  Australia 2 July 2016 Australia Grand Prix Brisbane, Australia [84]
65 51.71 r Sarah Sjöström  Sweden 23 July 2017 World Championships Budapest, Hungary [85]
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA; yd – set in a pool measured in yards;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1 53.46 Franziska van Almsick  Germany 6 January 1993 World Cup Shanghai, China [86]
2 53.33 Franziska van Almsick  Germany 10 January 1993 World Cup Beijing, China [87]
3 53.01 Jingyi Le  China 2 December 1993 World Championships Palma de Mallorca, Spain
4 52.80 Therese Alshammar  Sweden 10 December 1999 European Championships Lisbon, Portugal [88]
5 52.17 Therese Alshammar  Sweden 17 March 2000 World Championships Athens, Greece [89][90]
6 51.91 sf Libby Lenton  Australia 8 August 2005 Australian Championships Melbourne, Australia [91]
7 51.70 Libby Lenton  Australia 9 August 2005 Australian Championships Melbourne, Australia [92]
8 51.01 Libby Trickett  Australia 10 August 2009 Australian Championships Hobart, Australia [93]
9 50.91 † Cate Campbell  Australia 28 November 2015 Australian SC Championships Sydney, Australia [94]
10 50.77 Sarah Sjöström  Sweden 3 August 2017 World Cup Moscow, Russia [95]
11 50.58 Sarah Sjöström  Sweden 11 August 2017 World Cup Eindhoven, Netherlands [96]
11 50.25 Cate Campbell  Australia 26 October 2017 Australian Championships Adelaide, Australia [97]
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial

References

  1. ^ "Swimming World Record progression – Men 100 m freestyle" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 8 July 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007.
  2. ^ "Hi-tech suits banned from January". BBC News. 31 July 2009. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012.
  3. ^ https://swimswam.com/100-meter-freestyle-nathan-adrian-against-spitz-weissmuller-and-other-historic-greats/
  4. ^ "The Olympic Games – The 100 metres race". The Times. London: Alfred Harmsworth. 21 July 1908. p. 13.
  5. ^ "Three swimming records" (PDF). The New York Times. 16 April 1910. p. 13. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  6. ^ "The 100 metres record". The Sydney Morning Herald. John Fairfax and Sons. 24 July 1912. p. 9. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  7. ^ "Hawaiian swims close to record". The New York Times. 10 August 1918. p. 8.
  8. ^ "Fick, New York Athletic Club ace, clips swim mark". The New York Times. 3 March 1934. p. 16.
  9. ^ "18-man Yale swimming team sets record in one-mile relay at New Haven carnival". The New York Times. 6 March 1935. p. 26.
  10. ^ "Fick breaks record in Yale swim meet". The New York Times. 12 February 1936. p. 28.
  11. ^ "Ford clips swim record". The New York Times. Associated Press. 14 April 1944. p. 23.
  12. ^ "Ford clips record for 100 free-style". The New York Times. Associated Press. 30 June 1948. p. 35.
  13. ^ Werden, Lincoln A (2 April 1954). "Cleveland and Oyakawa set world swim marks at New Haven". The New York Times. p. 33.
  14. ^ Clarkson, Alan (1 December 1956). "Devitt fails by touch in 100m duel with Henricks". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 15.
  15. ^ Clarkson, Alan (20 January 1957). "Devitt's new sprint time surpasses Henricks". The Sun-Herald. p. 31.
  16. ^ "John Devitt shatters three world swim records". The Courier-Mail. 29 January 1957. p. 9.
  17. ^ "Clark, Stickles set world marks". The New York Times. Associated Press. 19 August 1961. p. 14.
  18. ^ Wallechinsky, David (1996). "The Complete Book of the Olympics". Aurum Press Limited. p. 642.
  19. ^ "Miss Meyer and Walsh break world swim records at Winnipeg". The New York Times. Associated Press. 28 July 1967. p. 23.
  20. ^ Wallechinsky, David (1996). "The Complete Book of the Olympics". Aurum Press Limited. pp. 615–616.
  21. ^ Webster, Jim (28 October 1968). "Wenden slashes world record". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 1.
  22. ^ Litsky, Frank (24 August 1970). "Hall, Spitz and Kinsella break world marks as A. A. U. Title swimming ends". The New York Times. p. 46.
  23. ^ "Spitz wins his fourth event in U. S. Olympic Swim Trails". The New York Times. 6 August 1972. p. 1.
  24. ^ Amdur, Neil (4 September 1972). "Spitz captures record 6th gold medal". The New York Times. pp. 1 & 9.
  25. ^ "Shaw shatters record for 1,500-meter swim". The New York Times. Associated Press. 22 June 1975. p. 6 of sports.
  26. ^ "Coan betters world swim mark". The New York Times. Associated Press. 5 August 1975. p. 18.
  27. ^ "2 world swim marks broken". The New York Times. Associated Press. 24 August 1975. p. 9 of sports.
  28. ^ "Naber collects 4th swim gold medals". The New York Times. Associated Press. 25 July 1976. pp. 1 and 6 of sports.
  29. ^ Amdur, Neil (26 July 1976). "Top feats by Montgomery, Strachan". The New York Times. pp. 15–16.
  30. ^ Amdur, Neil (15 August 1976). "Skinner swims to mark". The New York Times. UPI. p. 5 of sports.
  31. ^ "Freestyle Mark Set". The New York Times. 7 August 1985. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  32. ^ "Another Mark for Biondi". The New York Times. 8 August 1985. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  33. ^ "Best of Biondi". The Times. 26 June 1986. p. 48.
  34. ^ Lingard, John; Eakins, Bevan (17 September 2000). "We smashed you like guitars!". The Sun-Herald. pp. 8–9.
  35. ^ Cowley, Michael (20 September 2000). "Hoogie says he's hungry for seconds". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 6 of Olympics.
  36. ^ "Bernard sets world 100m freestyle record". CNN. 21 March 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
  37. ^ "Official results list" (PDF). LC EC 2008.
  38. ^ "Beijing olympics website".
  39. ^ "Bernard of France wins Olympic 100 free". peoplestar.co.uk. 13 August 2008.
  40. ^ Craig Lord (23 April 2009). "Bernard WR: First Sub-47 Man: 46.94 100 Free". Retrieved 23 April 2009.
  41. ^ "PR 49 – FINA Approval of World Records". FINA. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  42. ^ "Cielo is best: Brazilian knocks off France's Bernard, sets world record in 100 free at worlds". sportsnews. 30 July 2009.
  43. ^ (scm-m) Template:Fr icon Sport Notes published by Le Soir (Belgium) on 1993-07-05; retrieved from archive on 2012-03-24.
  44. ^ (scm-m) Borges on top, The World of Swimming, 1993-06-08; retrieved 2012-03-24. Note: This story makes reference to Gross's 48.20 being "the time standard set by FINA in March 1991." (This may be an indication of when FINA started tracking/maintain SCM World records.)
  45. ^ (scm-m) 47.94 segundos en los 100 metros libres (trans: 47.94 in the 100m free), published by the French Press Agency on 1993-07-04; retrieved from the website of El Pais <http://elpais.com> on 2012-03-24. Note: This source mentions that Borges's 47.94 bettered a time of 48.20 swum by Michael Gross.
  46. ^ Wilkerson, William (29 March 2004). "Men's swim team gets third at NCAAs". The Daily Texan. Retrieved 5 April 2007.
  47. ^ "Neethling smashes world record". 15 February 2005.
  48. ^ "Pereira sets 200m medley record; Nystrand sets 50 freestyle mark". ESPN. 18 November 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
  49. ^ "Leveaux sets short-course record in 100 freestyle". International Herald Tribune. 12 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  50. ^ "Swimming Champion". The Sydney Morning Herald. John Fairfax and Sons. 11 July 1912. p. 12.
  51. ^ "Ladies' Amateur Championships – Miss Durack establishes new record". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 8 February 1915. p. 13. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  52. ^ Philip, P. J. (24 August 1920). "U.S. Athletes win world's title in Games at Antwerp" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 17. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  53. ^ "U.S. mermaids are Olympic winners" (PDF). The New York Times. 26 August 1920. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  54. ^ "Miss Ederle stars in swim carnival". The New York Times. 1 July 1923. Retrieved 10 May 2013. (subscription required)
  55. ^ "Swimmers shatter 3 world's records". The New York Times. AP. 14 March 1930. p. 22 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013. (subscription required)
  56. ^ "Miss Garatti keeps title, sets record". The New York Times. 9 August 1929. Retrieved 10 May 2013. (subscription required)
  57. ^ "World's Record Set by Miss Holm in National Title Swim". The New York Times. 14 March 1930. p. 22 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013. (subscription required)
  58. ^ "Dawn Fraser sets world record for 100m". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 22 February 1956. p. 11.
  59. ^ "World swim times fall". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. 26 August 1956. p. 36.
  60. ^ Clarkson, Alan (21 October 1956). "Five world times made by Lorraine". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 38.
  61. ^ Clarkson, Alan (26 October 1956). "World swim time again to Lorraine". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 8.
  62. ^ Clarkson, Alan (2 December 1956). "3 places again to Australia – Dawn Fraser's swim record". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 43.
  63. ^ Clarkson, Alan (19 February 1958). "Six world records set in 90 minutes". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 15.
  64. ^ Special reporter (23 July 1958). "Unbeaten night for Australia in swim events". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. AAP. p. 16.
  65. ^ Clarkson, Alan (24 February 1960). "Six world times at swimming titles – 3 to Dawn Fraser". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 17.
  66. ^ Clarkson, Alan (24 October 1962). "Fraser, Berry at world swim times". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 23.
  67. ^ Clarkson, Alan (28 October 1962). "Champion's world time in 110 yds". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 67.
  68. ^ Clarkson, Alan (25 November 1962). "Dawn Fraser's shock win to Canadian in 110 yards". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 52.
  69. ^ Clarkson, Alan (1 March 1964). "Fraser and Berry in great form". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 52.
  70. ^ "Swim contest a spectacular of records". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. AAP, Reuters. 2 May 1971. p. 107.
  71. ^ "Shane has done it again". The Sun-Herald. Fairfax Media. 9 January 1972. pp. 1–2.
  72. ^ Litsky, Frank (2 March 1992). "U.S. woman set 100 freestyle mark". The New York Times. p. 47 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  73. ^ Clarey, Christopher (6 September 1994). "Chinese women continue to pile up the medals and suspicions". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  74. ^ Lord, Craig (29 May 2000). "De Bruijn makes waves". The Times. p. 6 of sports.
  75. ^ Cowley, Michael (22 September 2000). "Dutch royal pair continue their reign over royal". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. p. 6 of Olympics.
  76. ^ Cowley, Michael (1 April 2004). "Lenton sizzles to 100m world record". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  77. ^ Cowley, Michael (19 August 2004). "Henry breaks world record in semi-final". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  78. ^ Saltau, Chloe (1 February 2006). "Henry can only watch as Lenton grabs world record". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  79. ^ "German lays down gauntlet by beating Lenton's world mark". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. AAP. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  80. ^ "Two world records broken at Olympic trials". Herald Sun. News Limited. AAP. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  81. ^ Lord, Craig (25 June 2009). "Britta Steffen Hydrofoils To 52.85 WR 100 Free". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  82. ^ Lord, Craig (27 June 2009). "Steffen Hydrofoils Once More: 52.56 WR 100m Free". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  83. ^ a b Lord, Craig (20 December 2009). "World Record Bull Run: The List In Full". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
  84. ^ Robert Gibbs (2 July 2016). "Cate Campbell Breaks 100 Free World Record By .01 Seconds". swimswam.com. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
  85. ^ "Women's 4×100m Freestyle Relay Results". Omega Timing. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  86. ^ "Sports Shorts". Associated Press, Xinhua News Agency. 6 January 1993. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  87. ^ "Swimming". The Los Angeles Times. Xinhua News Agency. 11 January 1993. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  88. ^ "Swimming – European Championships; 2 Swedes set records". The New York Times. 11 December 1999. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  89. ^ "Women's 100 m freestyle final results". Omega Timing. 17 March 2000. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  90. ^ "Colleges: Swimming; American men set mark in 800 relay". The New York Times. 18 March 2000. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  91. ^ "Lenton sets new mark". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. AAP. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  92. ^ "Lenton's in the pink with world record". The Age. Fairfax Media. AAP. 9 August 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  93. ^ "Three WRs fall at short course champs". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 August 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  94. ^ Lord, Craig (28 November 2015). "Cate Campbell: 50.91 The Fastest Four-Lap Free In History, WR Down To SW12.12". Swimvortex. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  95. ^ "Women's 100m Freestyle Results". Omega Timing. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  96. ^ "Women's 100m Freestyle Results". Omega Timing. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  97. ^ Race, Loretta (26 October 2017). "She's Back: Cate Campbell Eclipses Sjostrom's 100 SC Free World Record". Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_record_progression_100_metres_freestyle&oldid=863657639"