Energy in Slovakia
Primary energy use in Slovakia was 194 TWh and 36 TWh per million inhabitants in 2009.[1]
Overview
| Population (million) |
Prim. energy (TWh) |
Production (TWh) |
Import (TWh) |
Electricity (TWh) |
CO2-emission (Mt) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 5.38 | 213 | 75 | 143 | 27.39 | 37.66 |
| 2007 | 5.40 | 208 | 70 | 144 | 28.34 | 36.80 |
| 2008 | 5.41 | 213 | 75 | 139 | 28.48 | 36.23 |
| 2009 | 5.42 | 194 | 69 | 131 | 26.69 | 33.17 |
| 2012 | 5.44 | 202 | 75 | 131 | 28.87 | 33.86 |
| 2012R | 5.41 | 194 | 75 | 118 | 27.78 | 31.88 |
| 2013 | 5.41 | 200 | 77 | 121 | 28.16 | 32.38 |
| Change 2004-09 | 0.7% | -8.8% | -8.0% | -8.5% | -2.6% | -11.9% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses [3]
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | ||||||
Slovakia is a net energy importer. The share of import was 63% of the primary energy use in 2009.[1] (IEA Key stats 2010 pages 52)
Fossil fuels
Oil
Slovnaft is the largest oil refinery in Slovakia.
Natural gas
Slovenský plynárenský priemysel (Slovak Gas Industry) is the main natural gas supplier in Slovakia.
Nuclear Energy
Four operating reactors in two power plants (Bohunice Nuclear Power Plant and Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant) produced 14,42 TW·h in 2014. Three other reactors at Bohunice are in permanent shutdown. Two other reactors are under construction at Mochovce.
Renewable energy
There is hydropower potential in Vah and Orava rivers (before Stary Hrad, and after Kralovianski Meander, Oravka tunnel), with power plants over 30MW as extremely profitable (for low cost/installed MW).
Wind power
In the end of 2010 wind power capacity in Slovakia 3 MW was the lowest of the EU countries, except Malta and Slovenia,[4] as the potential is extremely low (the wind starts to move the turbine over 4 km/h, and the winds in Slovakia are just under 4 km/h).[citation needed] EWEA's targets are to produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity with wind power in 2020, and save €28 billion a year in fuel costs in Europe.[5]
Climate change
Emissions of carbon dioxide in total, per capita in 2007 were 6.8 tons CO2 compared to EU 27 average 7.9 tons CO2. Emission change 2007/1990 (%) was -35.1%. In Europe in 2007 the Slovak emissions of carbon dioxide per capita (6.8 tons CO2) were higher than in Hungary 5.4, Sweden 5.1, Portugal 5.2 or Switzerland 5.6 and lower than in Czech Republic 11.8, Luxembourg 22.4, Finland 12.2, Netherlands 11.1, Germany 9.7 or Ireland 10.1[6]
1990 emissions were 74 Mt CO2 eq. The Kyoto protocol target is reduction of 6 Mt (-8%).[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015 Archived 2016-03-13 at WebCite, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 Archived 2015-05-05 at WebCite + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013 Archived 2014-09-02 at the Wayback Machine, 2012 Archived 2013-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine, 2010 Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, 2009 Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^ Energy in Sweden 2010 Archived October 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Facts and figures. The Swedish Energy Agency. Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
- ^ Wind in power 2010 European statistics EWEA February 2011 pages 4 and 11
- ^ Wind Energy Factsheets, European Wind Energy Association 2010
- ^ Energy in Sweden 2010 Archived October 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Table 1: Emissions of carbon dioxide in total, per capita and per GDP in EU and OECD countries, 2007
- ^ Wind energy and EU climate policy Achieving 30% lower emissions by 2020 EWEA October 2011 p. 39
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