James S. Sherman

James S. Sherman
27th Vice President of the United States
In office March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
President	William Howard Taft
Preceded by	Charles W. Fairbanks
Succeeded by	Thomas R. Marshall
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 23rd district
In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891
Preceded by	John T. Spriggs
Succeeded by	Henry W. Bentley
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 25th district
In office March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1903
Preceded by	James J. Belden
Succeeded by	Lucius N. Littauer
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 27th district
In office March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1909
Preceded by	Michael E. Driscoll
Succeeded by	Charles S. Millington
Mayor of Utica, New York
In office 1884
Personal details
Born	James Schoolcraft Sherman October 24, 1855(1855-10-24) Utica, New York
Died	October 30, 1912(1912-10-30) (aged 57) Utica, New York
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Carrie Babcock Sherman
Alma mater	Hamilton College
Signature

James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 – October 30, 1912) was a United States Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States, 1909-1912 under William Howard Taft. He was a member of the inter-related Baldwin, Hoar, and Sherman families, prominent lawyers and politicians of New England (no relation to General William T. Sherman).

Although not a high-powered administrator, he made a natural committee chairman, and his genial personality eased the workings of the House, so that he was known all his life as 'Sunny Jim'. He was the first Vice President to fly in a plane (New York, 1911), and also the first to throw out the ceremonial first pitch at a baseball game.

Youth, education and law career

Sherman was born in Utica, New York, son of Richard Updike Sherman and his distant cousin Mary Frances (Sherman). His paternal grandfather was a successful local farmer and glass manufacturer, under whose influence Sherman developed his strong pro-business convictions, according to neighbour and future colleague Elihu Root.

He was educated at Hamilton College, where he was noted for his skills in oratory and debate, and for his personal popularity as a member of the Sigma Phi fraternity. After law studies, he was admitted to the bar in 1880, practising at the local firm of Cookingham & Martin, and also serving as president of the Utica Trust & Deposit Co. and the New Hartford Canning Co., becoming mayor of Utica at the early age of twenty-nine.

In 1881, he married Carrie Babcock of East Orange, New Jersey, and they had three sons.

Old-guard conservative in Congress

In 1886, Sherman was elected U.S. Representative from New York's 23rd congressional district as a Republican, and he served twenty years in the House, with only a two-year interval.

At a time when the Republican party was divided over protective tariffs, Sherman sided with McKinley and the conservative branch, defending the gold standard against the potentially inflationary 'free silver'.

As Sherman never held a party leadership post or chaired a major committee, he was considered sufficiently neutral to be appointed Chairman of the 'Committee of the Whole' - a crucial device for speeding-up the passage of bills by suspending certain rules at the discretion of the Chairman. Henry Cabot Lodge recognised this job as a major test of integrity and judgment, and declared that Sherman was supremely fitted for it.

Vice President under Taft

In 1908, Sherman was nominated as the Republican candidate for Vice President on the ticket with William Howard Taft. Although not an obvious front-runner, he balanced Taft's profile, by being both an Easterner and a conservative (it was said that the two wings of the G.O.P. 'flapped together'), and the New York lobby pressed hard for his nomination. The Republicans won by a comfortable margin, though Sherman is not credited as a major vote-winner in this election.

At first, Sherman and Taft found themselves at odds over both tariff policy and the role of the Vice President. But Taft presently moved to the right, and the two of them worked together more harmoniously - a relationship eased further by the First Lady's enjoyment of the company of Sherman and his wife. The President declared that Sherman accomplished much on Capitol Hill by his "charm of speech and manner, and his spirit of conciliation and compromise", backed by a "stubborn adherence" to his principles.

Re-nomination, illness, death

From 1910, Taft had experienced several disagreements with ex-President Theodore Roosevelt, who presently walked out and formed his own Bull Moose party. This made re-election for the Republicans almost impossible, but they campaigned on the same ticket in the 1912 contest, with New Yorkers once again supporting Sherman's nomination - the first time a sitting Vice President had been re-nominated for eighty years.

But Sherman's health had collapsed, due to his steadily worsening kidney condition (Bright's Disease), and he gave his acceptance speech against medical advice. Just days before the election, he died at home in Utica, and Taft had to enter the race with no running-mate, to his inevitable crushing defeat.

See also

• United States presidential election, 1908
• United States presidential election, 1912

External links

• James S. Sherman at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• James S. Sherman at Find A Grave
• 16th Amendment to the Constitution with Sherman's Signature Image of original document
• 17th Amendment to the Constitution with Sherman's Signature Image of original document

Political offices
Preceded by Charles W. Fairbanks	Vice President of the United States March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912	Vacant Title next held by Thomas Riley Marshall
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Michael E. Driscoll	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 27th congressional district March 4, 1903 – March 4, 1909	Succeeded by Charles S. Millington
Preceded by James J. Belden	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 25th congressional district March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1903	Succeeded by Lucius N. Littauer
Preceded by John T. Spriggs	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 23rd congressional district March 4, 1887 – March 4, 1891	Succeeded by Henry W. Bentley
Party political offices
Preceded by Charles W. Fairbanks	Republican Party vice presidential candidate 1908, 1912	Succeeded by Nicholas M. Butler(1)
Notes and references
1. Butler replaced Sherman on the 1912 Republican ticket as the vice presidential candidate after his death.