Unfederated Malay States

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History of Malaysia
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The rise of Muslim states
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Colonial era
Portuguese Malacca (1511–1641)
Dutch Malacca (1641–1824)
Straits Settlements (1826–1946)
British Malaya (1874–1946)
Federated Malay States (1895–1946)
Unfederated Malay States (1909–46)
Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1946)
North Borneo (1882–1963)
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The term Unfederated Malay States was the collective name given to five British protected states in the Malay peninsula in the first half of the twentieth century. These states were Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu. In contrast with the four neighbouring Federated Malay States of Selangor, Perak, Pahang, and Negri Sembilan, the five Unfederated Malay States lacked common institutions, and did not form a single state in international law.

Malaya in 1922

Unfederated Malay States

Federated Malay States

British Straits Settlements

In 1946 the British colony of the Straits Settlements was dissolved. Penang and Malacca which had formed a part of the Straits Settlements were then grouped with the five Unfederated Malay States and the four Federated Malay States to form the Malayan Union. In 1948, the Malayan Union was reconstituted as a federation of eleven states known as the Federation of Malaya. Nine of the states of the new Federation of Malaya continued as British Protected States, while two of them, Penang and Malacca remained as British colonies. The Federation of Malaya gained full independence from the UK in August 1957.

[edit] History

Johor accepted a treaty of protection with the United Kingdom in 1885, and eventually succumbed to British pressure to accept a resident "Advisor" in 1904. Unlike the other Malay states under British protection, however, Johor remained outside of the Federated Malay States (formed in 1895).

Under the Bangkok Treaty of 1909, Siam transferred its rights over the northern Malay states (Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Perlis) to the United Kingdom.^[1] These states then became British Protected States. With the assistance of Japan, they temporarily returned to Thai jurisdiction for the latter part of the second world war.

Evolution of Malaysia

[edit] Administration and language

The chief officer of the British colonial administration was the "Advisor". In contrast with the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States enjoyed greater autonomy. The de facto official language of the Unfederated Malay States was Malay (written with the Jawi script).

[edit] References

^ John Haywood (2002). Historical Atlas of the 19th Century World 1783 - 1914. Barnes and Noble. p. 22. ISBN 0760732035.

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17th century 1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1670–1688 St. Andrew and Providence Islands⁴	18th century	19th century 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana) since 1833 Falkland Islands⁵ 20th century since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands⁵
⁴Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia ⁵Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982

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Asia

17th Century
1685-1824 Bencoolen
(Sumatra)

18th century
1702–1705 Côn Đảo
1757–1947 Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh)
1762–1764 Manila
1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1796–1965 Maldives

19th century
1812-1824 Banka (Sumatra)
1812-1824 Billiton (Sumatra)
1819–1826 British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore)
1824-1946 Straits Settlement of Malacca

1826–1946 Straits Settlements
1839–1967 Colony of Aden
1839–1842 Afghanistan
1841–1997 Hong Kong
1841–1946 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia)
1848-1946 Crown colony of Labuan

1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma)
1879–1919 Afghanistan
1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei
1888–1946 Sultanate of Sulu
1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate
1892–1971 Trucial States protectorate
1895–1946 Federated Malay States
1898–1930 Weihai Garrison
1878–1960 Cyprus

20th century
1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
1920–1932 Iraq⁷
1921–1946 Transjordan⁷
1923–1948 Palestine⁷
1945–1946 South Vietnam
1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
1946–1963 Singapore
1946–1948 Malayan Union
1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

⁷League of Nations mandate

Oceania

18th century 1788–1901 New South Wales	19th century 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands⁸ 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji⁹ 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949 Territory of Papua 1888–1965 Cook Islands⁸ 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)⁸ 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands¹⁰ 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands¹¹	20th century 1900–1970 Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974 Niue⁸ 1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942 Nauru 1945–1968 Nauru 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹²
⁸Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand ⁹Suspended member ¹⁰Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu ¹¹Now the *Solomon Islands ¹²Now *Papua New Guinea

Antarctica and South Atlantic

17th century since 1659 St. Helena¹³	19th century since 1815 Ascension Island¹³ since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹³	20th century since 1908 British Antarctic Territory¹⁴
¹³Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922—) and Tristan da Cunha (1938—) were previously dependencies of St Helena ¹⁴Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)

v d e Protectorates and crown colonies of British Malaya and Borneo

Malaya	Straits Settlements (1826–1946) Federated Malay States (1895–1946) Unfederated Malay States (1800s–1946) Straits Settlement of Malacca (1824–1946)

Borneo	Bruneian Empire (1363–1984) Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1941) Crown colony of Sarawak (1941–1963) North Borneo (1882–1963) Crown colony of Labuan (1848–1946)

jeric love kc

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