Stiphidiidae: Difference between revisions
not in Lycosoidea, according to Ramírez (2014) – see Lycosoidea |
Tom.Reding (talk | contribs) m +{{Authority control}} (1 ID from Wikidata); WP:GenFixes & WP:TREE cleanup on |
||
(17 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Family of spiders}} |
|||
{{Taxobox |
|||
{{Redirect|Sheetweb spider|sheet weavers|Linyphiidae}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{Automatic taxobox |
|||
⚫ | |||
| name = |
| name = Sheetweb spiders |
||
⚫ | |||
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
|||
⚫ | |||
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
| classis = [[Arachnida]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
| ordo = [[Araneae]] |
|||
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| diversity = 13 genera, 94 species |
|||
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png |
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png |
||
| diversity = [[#Genera|20 genera]], [[List of Stiphidiidae species|126 species]] |
|||
| range_map_width = 250px |
|||
| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
|||
| subdivision = |
|||
see text |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Stiphidiidae''', also called '''sheetweb spiders''', is a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described in 1917.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Dalmas| first=R. de| year=1917| title=Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France| volume=86| pages=317–430}}</ref> Most species are medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about {{convert|8|mm}} long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]] except for ''[[Asmea]]''.<ref name=NMBE /> They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders". |
|||
⚫ | |||
The largest of New Zealand's species is ''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'', with a body length up to {{convert|2.5|cm}} and a span of up to {{convert|15|cm}}. Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to {{convert|1|m}} across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.<ref>{{cite web| title=SHEETWEB SPIDER| publisher=Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research| access-date=2019-04-24| url=http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bug/bugs-with-legs/8-legs/spiders/sheetweb-spider}}</ref> It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to {{convert|1|cm}} long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare. |
|||
The '''Stiphidiidae''' are a [[spider]] family with 94 described species in 13 genera. They are generally of medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about 8 mm long) and build a horizontal tent-like web under rocks. Most species are speckled brown with long legs. |
|||
==Distribution== |
|||
Almost all members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]]. The only exception are two species of ''Ischaela'', ''[[Ischaela incerta|I. incerta]]'' from [[Madagascar]], and ''[[Ischaela longiceps|I. longiceps]]'' from [[Mauritius]]. |
|||
==Genera== |
==Genera== |
||
⚫ | |||
* ''[[Baiami]]'' [[Pekka T. Lehtinen|Lehtinen]], 1967 (Australia) |
|||
{{as of|2019|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-24| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/92}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
[[File:Mullamullang Spider.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Tartarus mullamullangensis]]'' and sheet web]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
[[File:Cambridgea foliata.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'']] |
|||
* ''[[Cambridgea]]'' L. Koch, 1872 (New Zealand) |
|||
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}} |
|||
* ''[[Corasoides]]'' Butler, 1929 (Australia) |
|||
* |
*''[[Aorangia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand |
||
*''[[Asmea]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Papua New Guinea |
|||
⚫ | |||
* |
*''[[Borrala]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small> — Australia |
||
* |
*''[[Carbinea]]'' <small>Davies, 1999</small> — Australia |
||
* |
*''[[Couranga]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia |
||
* |
*''[[Elleguna]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia |
||
* |
*''[[Jamberoo (spider)|Jamberoo]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Kababina]]'' <small>Davies, 1995</small> — Australia |
|||
⚫ | |||
*''[[Karriella]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia |
|||
*''[[Malarina]]'' <small>Davies & Lambkin, 2000</small> — Australia |
|||
*''[[Marplesia]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small> — New Zealand |
|||
⚫ | |||
*''[[Neoramia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand |
|||
⚫ | |||
*''[[Procambridgea]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — Australia, New Zealand |
|||
*''[[Stiphidion]]'' <small>Simon, 1902</small> — Australia, New Zealand |
|||
*''[[Tartarus (spider)|Tartarus]]'' <small>Gray, 1973</small> — Australia |
|||
*''[[Therlinya]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2002</small> — Australia |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{{div col end}} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]] |
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]] |
||
* [[Spider families]] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
* Blest, A. D. & P. W. Taylor (1995). ''Cambridgea quadromaculata'' n. sp. (Araneae, Stiphidiidae): a large New Zealand spider from wet, shaded habitats. New Zeal. J. Zool. 22: 351-356. [http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjz/1995/81.pdf PDF] |
|||
⚫ | |||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
⚫ | |||
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata''] |
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata''] |
||
* [http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231191032/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web] |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Araneae}} |
{{Araneae}} |
||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11724}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]] |
[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]] |
||
[[Category:Araneomorphae families]] |
|||
{{ |
{{Araneomorphae-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 16:49, 26 October 2023
Sheetweb spiders | |
---|---|
Stiphidion facetum | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917 |
Diversity | |
20 genera, 126 species | |
Stiphidiidae, also called sheetweb spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described in 1917.[1] Most species are medium size (Stiphidion facetum is about 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in New Zealand and Australia except for Asmea.[2] They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders".
The largest of New Zealand's species is Cambridgea foliata, with a body length up to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) and a span of up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in). Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.[3] It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.
Genera[edit]
As of April 2019[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]
- Aorangia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Asmea Gray & Smith, 2008 — Papua New Guinea
- Borrala Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
- Carbinea Davies, 1999 — Australia
- Couranga Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
- Elleguna Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
- Jamberoo Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
- Kababina Davies, 1995 — Australia
- Karriella Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
- Malarina Davies & Lambkin, 2000 — Australia
- Marplesia Lehtinen, 1967 — New Zealand
- Neolana Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Neoramia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Pillara Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
- Procambridgea Forster & Wilton, 1973 — Australia, New Zealand
- Stiphidion Simon, 1902 — Australia, New Zealand
- Tartarus Gray, 1973 — Australia
- Therlinya Gray & Smith, 2002 — Australia
- Tjurunga Lehtinen, 1967 — Australia
- Wabua Davies, 2000 — Australia
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Dalmas, R. de (1917). "Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 86: 317–430.
- ^ a b "Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
- ^ "SHEETWEB SPIDER". Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
External links[edit]
- Picture of Cambridgea foliata
- Pictures of Stiphidium facetum and its web
- Gray, M. R. & H. M. Smith (2002). Therlinya, a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Rec. austral. Mus. 54: 293–312.PDF