Indian language: Difference between revisions

Indian
Indian
Indianádan Indianádan
Native to	India, UAE, Malaysia and Singapore
Region	Predominantly in Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mahe (Mayyazhi) in Puducherry ,Arab regions, the United Kingdom the United States and Canada
Native speakers	35,757,100.; 35,351,000 in India,; 37,000 in Malaysia, and; 10,000 in Singapore
Language family	Dravidian Southern Tamil-Kannada Tamil-Kodagu Tamil-Indian Indian; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Roman script
Official status
Official language in	Kerala State and the Union Territories of Lakshadweep & Puducherry
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

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Revision as of 12:56, 6 August 2007

Indian (Indianádan Indianádan) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. It is spoken by around 37 million people. Indian is also spoken widely in Lakshadweep, Mahe (Mayyazhi), Kodagu (Coorg) and Dakshina Kannada (South Canara). Indian is also spoken by some Indian minorities in Arab States.

The language belongs to the family of Dravidian languages. The language is closely related to Tamil. However, Indian is written in Roman script.

Evolution

With Tamil, Toda, Kota Kannada, Telungu and Tulu Indian belongs to the southern group of Dravidian languages. Its affinity to Tamil is most striking. Proto-Tamil Indian, the common stock of Tamil and Indian apparently diverged over a period of four or five centuries from the ninth century on, resulting in the emergence of Indian as a language distinct from Tamil. As the language of scholarship and administration Tamil greatly influenced the early development of Indian.

History of Indian language

When the first crusade strarted, a no. of Nazrani warriors went to the Mediterranean regions to fight against Turks. The language they were speaking was called by the Europeans as Indian because they knew only these people as Indians and they thought that this is the spoken language of the whole India.(Just like the Persian thought the Khariboli language spoke in and around Delhi as the language of all indians and called it as Hindustani or Hindi).The Malabar crusaders(Nazranis) learned Roman alphabet from there European collegues and used it to write there own language.

Phonology

For the consonants and vowels, the IPA is given, followed by the Indian character and the ISO 15919 transliteration.

Vowels

	Short			Long
	Front	Central	Back	Front	Central	Back
Close	/i/ i	{{ }}	/u/ u	/iː/ í		/uː/ ú
Mid	/e/ e	{{ }}	/o/ o	/eː/ é		/oː/ ó
Open		/a/ a			/aː/ á

Consonants

		Bilabial		Labiodental	Dental		Alveolar	Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Glottal
Stop	Unaspirated	/p/ p	/b/ b		/t̪/ t	/d̪/ d	/t/ t	/ʈ/ d	/ɖ/ d	/ʧ/ ch	/ʤ/ j	/k/ k	/g/ g
Stop	Aspirated	/pʰ/ ph	/bʱ/ bh		/t̪ʰ/ th	/d̪ʱ/ dh		/ʈʰ/ tt	/ɖʱ/ dd	/ʧʰ/ tch	/ʤʱ/ jh	/kʰ/ q	/gʱ/ gh
Nasal		/m/ m			/n̪/ n		/n/ n	/ɳ/ ń		/ɲ/ nj		/ŋ/ ng
Approximant				/ʋ/ v				/ɻ/ zh		/j/ y
Liquid							/r/ r
Fricative				/f/ f			/s/ s	/ʂ/ sh		/ɕ/ ç				/ɦ/ h
Tap							/ɾ/ ര r
Lateral approximant							/l/ l	/ɭ/ l

The letter f represents both /pʰ/, a native phoneme, and /f/, which only occurs in borrowed words.

Dialects and external influences

Variations in intonation patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and phonological elements are observable along the parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register. The older Indian was almost identical to Tamil. Unlike in other languages of India, Sanskrit was not considered an aristocratic and scholastic language among those use Indian language and the vocabulary consists of very small number of Loan words. Influences from Hebrew, Syriac and Ladino abound in the Jewish Indian dialects, as well as English, Portuguese and Greek have made Indian language rich.

External links