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The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been branded frequently as a "Haven for Terrorism"{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} and is considered among the most dangerous nations in the world.<ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/</ref><ref>http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485</ref> The country, with the second largest Muslim population in the world, harbours some of the most dangerous [[Islamic terrorist]] organizations in the world, including the Lashkar-e-Toiba, the Jaish-e-Mohammed, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and the Hizbul Mujahideen.<ref>http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011217/main1.htm</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISI_still_helping_terror_groups_against_India_Narayanan/articleshow/2902592.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=ISI still helping terror groups against India: Narayanan | date=March 27, 2008}}</ref> The Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, is believed to be aiding these organizations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the US, the UK and other members of NATO.<ref>http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm | work=BBC News | title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba | date=May 3, 2010 | accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.harkatulmujahideen.org/</ref>. According to a 2001 article titled "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" issued by the US [[Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism]] ,
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been branded frequently as a "Haven for Terrorism"{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} and is considered among the most dangerous nations in the world.<ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/</ref><ref>http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485</ref> The country, with the second largest Muslim population in the world, harbours some of the most dangerous [[Islamic terrorist]] organizations in the world, including the Lashkar-e-Toiba, the Jaish-e-Mohammed, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and the Hizbul Mujahideen.<ref>http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011217/main1.htm</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISI_still_helping_terror_groups_against_India_Narayanan/articleshow/2902592.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=ISI still helping terror groups against India: Narayanan | date=March 27, 2008}}</ref> The Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, is believed to be aiding these organizations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the US, the UK and other members of NATO.<ref>http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm | work=BBC News | title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba | date=May 3, 2010 | accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.harkatulmujahideen.org/</ref>. According to a 2001 article titled "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" issued by the US [[Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism]] ,
"In South Asia, the United States has been increasingly concerned about reports of Pakistani support to terrorist groups and elements active in Kashmir, as well as Pakistani support, especially military support, to the Taliban, which continues to harbor terrorist groups, including al-Qaida, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan."<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2000/2441.htm|accessdate=April 13, 2011|date=April 30, 2001|title=Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism}}</ref>
"In South Asia, the United States has been increasingly concerned about reports of Pakistani support to terrorist groups and elements active in Kashmir, as well as Pakistani support, especially military support, to the Taliban, which continues to harbor terrorist groups, including al-Qaida, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan."<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2000/2441.htm|accessdate=April 13, 2011|date=April 30, 2001|title=Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism}}</ref>

==Double standards of Pakistan on terrorism==
US National Security Advisor [[James L Jones]] sent a tough message in the past to Pakistan saying that double standards on terrorism were not acceptable.<ref>http://news.rediff.com/interview/2010/jul/16/paks-double-standards-on-terror-not-acceptable.htm</ref> In July 2010 British Prime Minsiter [[David Cameron]] accused the Pakistani government of double standards: "We cannot tolerate in any sense the idea that this country is allowed to look both ways and is able, in any way, to promote the export of terror, whether to India or whether to Afghanistan or anywhere else in the world."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd|title=Now we know why David Cameron felt free to criticise Pakistan over terrorism|author=Nicholass Watt|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=2 May 2011}}</ref>


==Terror camps==
==Terror camps==

Revision as of 13:23, 4 May 2011

Pakistan has been accused by Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan, Iran and other nations (including the United States,[1][2] and the United Kingdom[3]) of its involvement in the terrorism in Kashmir, India and Afghanistan.[4] Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden, until he was found and killed by US forces.[5] Satellite imagery from the FBI [6] and data produced by India's Research and Analysis Wing suggest the existence of several terrorist camps in Pakistan, with at least one militant admitting to being trained in the country.[7] The JKLF, a militant outfit considered a terrorist group by the Indian government, has admitted to having more than 3,000 of its militants trained in Pakistan.[8] Many nonpartisan sources believe that officials within Pakistan’s military and the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sympathize with and aid Islamic terrorists, saying that the "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the al-Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed".[9] Though Pakistan had previously denied involvement in terrorist activities in Kashmir, President Asif Ali Zardari admitted in July 2010 [10] that terrorist outfits had been "deliberately created and nurtured" by past governments "as a policy to achieve some short-term tactical objectives". In October 2010, former Pakistan President and former head of the Pakistan Army Pervez Musharraf revealed that Pakistani armed forces trained militant groups to fight Indian forces in Kashmir.[11] Many Kashmiri militant groups designated as terrorist organizations by the US still maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. This is cited by the Indian government as further proof that Pakistan supports terrorism. Many of the terrorist organisations are banned by the UN, but continue to operate under different names. Even the normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[12][13] Both the federal and state governments in India continue to accuse Pakistan of helping several banned terrorist organizations like ULFA in Assam.[14] Experts believe that the ISI has also been involved in training and supplying Chechen militants.[15]

Background

Until Pakistan became a key ally in the War on Terrorism, the US Secretary of State included Pakistan on the 1993 list of countries which repeatedly provide support for acts of international terrorism.[1] The recent 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot is also blamed by various sections in the media as being the handiwork of elements in the Pakistani administration. Press editorials from around the world have consistently and strongly condemned Pakistan's "terror exports".[16]In fact, many consider that Pakistan has been playing both sides in the fight against terror, on the one hand helping to curtail terrorist activities while on the other, stoking it.[17][18] Even the noted Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid has accused Pakistan's ISI of providing help to the Taliban,[19] a statement echoed by many, including author Ted Galen Carpenter, who states that Pakistan has "assisted rebel forces in Kashmir even though those groups have committed terrorist acts against civilians".[20]

Sponsoring terrorism

See also: Terrorists safe havens in Pakistan

Author Gordon Thomas states that whilst aiding in the capture of Al Qaeda members, Pakistan "still sponsored terrorist groups in the disputed state of Kashmir, funding, training and arming them in their war on attrition against India". Journalist Stephen Schwartz notes that several terrorist and criminal groups are "backed by senior officers in the Pakistani army, the country's ISI intelligence establishment and other armed bodies of the state".[21] According to the author Daniel Byman, "Pakistan is probably today's most active sponsor of terrorism."[22] Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the UK, recently stated that seventy-five percent of the terror plots in the UK had links to Pakistan.[23] Writing in The Australian Foreign,[clarification needed] editor Greg Sheridan commented, "following the terror massacres in Mumbai, Pakistan may now be the single biggest state sponsor of terrorism, beyond even Iran. Yet it has never been listed by the US State Department as a state sponsor of terrorism".[24]

Inter-Services Intelligence and terrorism

See also: Inter-Services Intelligence role in terrorism
Part of a series on
Terrorism
By ideology
Religious
Special-interest / Single-issue
Related topics
Structure
  • Methods
  • Tactics
Terrorist groups
Adherents
State terrorism
State-sponsored terrorism
Response to terrorism

Pakistan's intelligence agency, the ISI, has often been accused of playing a role in major terrorist attacks across the world including the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States,[25][26][27] terrorism in Kashmir,[28][29][30] the July 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings,[31] the July 2005 London bombings,[32] the 2001 Indian Parliament attack,[33] the 2006 Varanasi bombings,[34] the August 2007 Hyderabad bombings[35][36] and the November 2008 Mumbai attacks.[37][38] The ISI is also accused of supporting Taliban forces[39] and recruiting and training mujahideen[39][40] to fight in Afghanistan[41][42] and Kashmir.[42] Based on communication intercepts, US intelligence agencies concluded Pakistan's ISI was behind the attack on the Indian embassy in Kabul on July 7, 2008, a charge that the governments of India and Afghanistan had laid previously.[43] The Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who has regularly reiterated allegations that militants operating training camps in Pakistan have used it as a launch platform to attack targets in Afghanistan, urged Western military allies to target extremist hideouts in neighbouring Pakistan.[44] In response to the growing extremism from Pakistan, the US has started bombing select terrorist hideouts within Pakistan, as well as raiding villages in Pakistan to capture and kill suspected Al-Qaeda and Taliban members hiding in the country.[45]

Pakistan is said to be a haven for terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda,[46] Lashkar-e-Omar, Lashkar-e-Toiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed and Sipah-e-Sahaba. Pakistan is accused of giving aid to the Taliban, "which include[s] soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and on several occasions apparently directly providing combat support," as stated by the Human Rights Watch.[47] The US has stated that the next attack on the US could originate in Pakistan.[48] Another militant outfit, the JKLF, has openly admitted that more than 3,000 militants from various nationalities were still being trained.[8] Other resources also concur, stating that Pakistan’s military and ISI both include personnel who sympathize with and help Islamic militants, adding that "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including Jaish-e-Mohammed."[9] Pakistan has denied any involvement in the terrorist activities in Kashmir, arguing that it only provides political and moral support to the secessionist groups. Many Kashmiri groups also maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which is cited as further proof by the Indian Government. The normally reticent United Nations Organization (UNO) has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists.[12][13]

Pakistan Army's role

But this trend seems to have come to a halt as the Pakistan Army continues to mount massive military operations against the Taliban and other militants in the country's Tribal Areas. This has resulted in the Taliban regularly attacking Pakistan Army convoys and encampments, even killing civilians that help the Pakistan Army. In what was seen as a reversal of trends and a failure of NATO forces in Afghanistan, 600 Taliban fighters crossed the border from Afghanistan into Pakistan on January 11, 2009 but were made to retreat by a contingent of the Pakistan Army.[49] The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been branded frequently as a "Haven for Terrorism"[citation needed] and is considered among the most dangerous nations in the world.[50][51] The country, with the second largest Muslim population in the world, harbours some of the most dangerous Islamic terrorist organizations in the world, including the Lashkar-e-Toiba, the Jaish-e-Mohammed, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and the Hizbul Mujahideen.[52][53] The Pakistani intelligence agency, the ISI, is believed to be aiding these organizations in eradicating perceived enemies or those opposed to their cause, including India, Russia, China, Israel, the US, the UK and other members of NATO.[54][55][56][57]. According to a 2001 article titled "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" issued by the US Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism , "In South Asia, the United States has been increasingly concerned about reports of Pakistani support to terrorist groups and elements active in Kashmir, as well as Pakistani support, especially military support, to the Taliban, which continues to harbor terrorist groups, including al-Qaida, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan."[58]

Terror camps

More than 100 terror camps of varying sizes and types were in operation in Pakistan in 2008.[citation needed]

Role in terrorism of Afghanistan

US intelligence officials claim that Pakistan's ISI sponsored the 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul.[59] They say that the ISI officers who aided the attack were not renegades, indicating that their actions might have been authorized by superiors. The attack was carried out by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who runs a network that Western intelligence services say is responsible for a campaign of violence throughout Afghanistan, including the Indian Embassy bombing and the 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack.[59]

Role in terrorism of India

Main articles: Role of Pakistan in terrorism in India and Terrorism in India

The government of Pakistan has been accused of aiding terrorist organizations operating on their soil who have attacked neighboring India. Pakistan denies all allegations, stating that these acts are committed by non-state actors.[60][61] The country has had a history of instability and military coups with General Pervez Musharraf coming to power after overthrowing Nawaf Sharif in 1999 and with Asif Zardari coming to power with the assassination of his wife Benazir Bhutto, allegedly by the Taliban and Al Qaeda, in 2008.[62][63] The country also blames the US and India for inciting terrorism on their soil,[64] whereas Al Qaeda has been active on Pakistani soil.[65][66]

India alleged that the recent 2008 Mumbai attacks originated in Pakistan, and that the attackers were in touch with a Pakistani colonel and other handlers in Pakistan.[67] This led to a UN ban on one such organisation, the Jama'at-ud-Da'wah, which the Pakistani government is yet to enforce.[68][69]

Pakistan's hiding of Osama bin Laden

See also: Osama bin Laden's support network in Pakistan

Critics have accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden, until he was found and killed by US forces.[70] This issue is expected to worsen US ties with Pakistan.[71][72] Bin Laden was killed in what most feel was his residence for at least three years, in Abbotabad, in Pakistan.[73] It was an expensive compound,[74] less than 100 kilometres' drive from the capital, Islamabad, probably built specifically for Bin Laden.[75] The Pakistan's president Zardari has denied that his country's security forces may have sheltered Osama bin Laden.[76][77]

References

  1. ^ a b International Terrorism: Threats and Responses: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary By United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, ISBN 0-16-052230-7, 1996, pp482
  2. ^ Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism April 30, 2001 U.S. State Department
  3. ^ Daily Times Story
  4. ^ Pakistan's link to Afghan terrorism
  5. ^ Marisa Schultz. "Levin questions Pakistan's role". The Detroit News.
  6. ^ FBI identifies terror camp in Pakistan through satellite pictures
  7. ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_14-6-2005_pg1_4
  8. ^ a b 'Pak feared exposure of militant camps' - Rediff October 16, 2005
  9. ^ a b Terrorism Havens: Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
  10. ^ Zardari says Pak created and nurtured militants - CNN IBN News
  11. ^ "Musharraf admits Kashmir militants trained in Pakistan". BBC News. 5 October 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b Pakistan should crack down on Taliban, UN official says
  13. ^ a b BBC Story
  14. ^ Assam accuses Pakistan High Commission of helping ULFA
  15. ^ Who Is Osama Bin Laden? by Michel Chossudovsky Professor of Economics, University of Ottawa hosted on Centre for Research on Globalisation
  16. ^ Editorial: Terror exports made in Pakistan- The Australian
  17. ^ Pakistan said to play both sides on terror war October 02, 2006, Christian Science Monitor
  18. ^ Dangerous game of state-sponsored terror that threatens nuclear conflict May 25, 2002, Guardian Unlimited
  19. ^ Die Zeit - Kosmoblog » Mustread: Rashid über Afghanistan
  20. ^ Terrorist Sponsors: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China by Ted Galen Carpenter November 16, 2001 Cato Institute
  21. ^ Stephen Schwartz (19 August 2006). "A threat to the world". The Spectator. Retrieved 2007-09-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^ Deadly Connections: States That Sponsor Terrorism By Daniel Byman, ISBN 0-521-83973-4, 2005, Cambridge University Press, pp 155
  23. ^ Brown: Pakistan linked to most UK terror plots, CNN, 2008-12-14
  24. ^ Asia's Islamism engine, The Australian, 2008-12-04
  25. ^ Meacher, Michael (July 22, 2004). "The Pakistan connection". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  26. ^ Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG)
  27. ^ "Pakistan spy service 'aiding Bin Laden'". BBC News. December 30, 2001. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  28. ^ Terrorism Havens: Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
  29. ^ Indian minister ties ISI to Kashmir
  30. ^ Kashmir Militant Extremists - Council on Foreign Relations
  31. ^ "Pakistan 'role in Mumbai attacks'". BBC News. September 30, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  32. ^ The Pakistani Connection: The London Bombers and "Al Qaeda's Webmaster"
  33. ^ Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India - December 13, 2001
  34. ^ ISI now outsources terror to Bangladesh
  35. ^ Hyderabad blasts: The ISI hand
  36. ^ ISI may be behind Hyderabad blasts: Jana Reddy
  37. ^ U.S. official: Indian attack has Pakistani ties
  38. ^ Rice tells Pakistan to act ‘or US will’
  39. ^ a b Ali, Mahmud (October 9, 2006). "Pakistan's shadowy secret service". BBC News. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  40. ^ Rashid, Ahmed (October 6, 2006). "Nato's top brass accuse Pakistan over Taliban aid". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  41. ^ Gall, Carlotta (January 21, 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  42. ^ a b "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE SUSPECTS; Death of Reporter Puts Focus On Pakistan Intelligence Unit". The New York Times. February 25, 2002. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  43. ^ Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials say
  44. ^ Karzai wants action by allied forces in Pakistan August 11, 2008 Dawn, Pakistan
  45. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/09/12/asia/pakistan.php
  46. ^ Zee News - Pakistan has al-Qaeda training camp: US officials
  47. ^ Crisis of Impunity - Pakistan's Support Of The Taliban
  48. ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C09%5C12%5Cstory_12-9-2008_pg7_51
  49. ^ "Pakistan border clash 'kills 46'". BBC News. January 11, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  50. ^ http://www.cfr.org/publication/9514/
  51. ^ http://www.newsweek.com/id/57485
  52. ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011217/main1.htm
  53. ^ "ISI still helping terror groups against India: Narayanan". The Times Of India. March 27, 2008.
  54. ^ http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm
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  57. ^ http://www.harkatulmujahideen.org/
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  63. ^ "Profile: Pervez Musharraf". BBC News. June 16, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
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  65. ^ "Government report: Al Qaeda strongest since September 11, 2001 - CNN.com". CNN. July 12, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  66. ^ http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd
  67. ^ Tran, Mark (February 26, 2009). "India names Pakistani colonel in connection with Mumbai terror attacks". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  68. ^ "Pakistan not to ban Jamaat-ud-Dawa". The Times Of India.
  69. ^ The Times Of India http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/3823910.cms. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  70. ^ http://detnews.com/article/20110503/NATION/105030368/Levin-questions-Pakistan’s-role#ixzz1LGfVnAVd
  71. ^ "Pakistan admits it wasn't part of US operation to kill Osama bin Laden - World - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 2001-09-11. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  72. ^ Perlez, Jane (2001-09-11). "Nation & World | Bin Laden's death casts more suspicion on Pakistan | Seattle Times Newspaper". Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  73. ^ Associated, The (2008-04-02). "Report: Bin Laden hid in Pakistan compound for more than three years - Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  74. ^ "Interesting Facts About Osama bin Laden's Compound - International Business Times". Au.ibtimes.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  75. ^ Westhead, Rick (2011-04-01). "Questions about bin Laden embarrassing to Pakistan". thestar.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  76. ^ Toosi, Nahal (2001-09-11). "The Canadian Press: Pakistan's president dismisses suspicions that his country was sheltering bin Laden". Google.com. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
  77. ^ Your name:. "Zardari defends Pakistan over bin Laden intel". Emirates 24/7. Retrieved 2011-05-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

See also

Template:Pakistan and state terrorism

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