[[File:Stained glass window in the Church of St Mary the Virgin Iffley - geograph.org.uk - 765978.jpg|thumb|Stained glass window in St Mary the Virgin parish church, Iffley, Oxfordshire, made in 1995]]
[[File:Stained glass window in the Church of St Mary the Virgin Iffley - geograph.org.uk - 765978.jpg|thumb|Stained glass window in St Mary the Virgin parish church, Iffley, Oxfordshire, made in 1995]]
In the Bible outside of Genesis, the term "tree of life" appears in [[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|Prov|3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4|NRSV}}) and [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|Rev|2:7; 22:2,14,19|NRSV}}). It also appears in [[2 Esdras]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|2Esd|2:12; 8:52|NRSV}}) and [[4 Maccabees]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|4Mac|18:16|NRSV}}), which are included among the [[Jewish apocrypha]].According to the Greek Apocalypse of Moses, the tree of life is also called the Tree of Mercy. Adam believed the oil of the tree of Life would relieve him of his ailments and sent Seth and Eve to the doors of the Garden to beg for some oil of the tree of Life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Apocalypse of Moses|url=http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/apcmose.htm|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.pseudepigrapha.com}}</ref>
In the Bible outside of Genesis, the term "tree of life" appears in [[Book of Proverbs|Proverbs]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|Prov|3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4|NRSV}}) and [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|Rev|2:7; 22:2,14,19|NRSV}}). It also appears in [[2 Esdras]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|2Esd|2:12; 8:52|NRSV}}) and [[4 Maccabees]] ({{Bibleref2-nb|4Mac|18:16|NRSV}}), which are included among the [[Jewish apocrypha]].
According to the [[Life of Adam and Eve|Greek Apocalypse of Moses]], the tree of life is also called the Tree of Mercy. Adam believed the oil of the tree of Life would relieve him of his ailments and sent Seth and Eve to the doors of the Garden to beg for some oil of the tree of Life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Apocalypse of Moses|url=http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/apcmose.htm|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.pseudepigrapha.com}}</ref>
== Number of trees ==
== Number of trees ==
Revision as of 13:23, 24 February 2022
Tree first described in chapter 2, verse 9 of Genesis
Tree of Life by GK Chesterron at St. Teresa's Catholic Church, Beaconsfield, UKSee also Tree of life for other cultural interpretations, and Tree of life (disambiguation) for other meanings.
According to the Greek Apocalypse of Moses, the tree of life is also called the Tree of Mercy. Adam believed the oil of the tree of Life would relieve him of his ailments and sent Seth and Eve to the doors of the Garden to beg for some oil of the tree of Life.[5]
Number of trees
Karl Budde, in his critical study of 1883, proposed that there was only one tree in the body of the Genesis narrative, and that it had been portrayed in two ways: one as the tree in the middle of the Garden, and two as the forbidden tree. Claus Westermann gave recognition to Budde's theory in 1976.[6]
Ellen van Wolde noted that among Bible scholars "the trees are almost always dealt with separately and not related to each other" and that "attention is almost exclusively directed to the tree of knowledge of good and evil, whereas the tree of life is paid hardly any attention."[7]
The tree of lifeRev. 22:2, a print from the Phillip Medhurst Collection of Bible illustrations in the possession of Revd. Philip De Vere at St. George's Court, Kidderminster, England.
In The City of God (xiii.20-21), Augustine of Hippo offers great allowance for "spiritual" interpretations of the events in the garden, so long as such allegories do not rob the narrative of its historical reality. Enlightenment theologians (culminating perhaps in Brunner and Niebuhr in the twentieth century) sought for figurative interpretations because they had already dismissed the historical possibility of the story.
Others sought very pragmatic understandings of the tree. In the Summa Theologica (Q97), Thomas Aquinas argued that the tree served to maintain Adam's biological processes for an extended earthly animal life. It did not provide immortality as such, for the tree, being finite, could not grant infinite life. Hence after a period of time, the man and woman would need to eat again from the tree or else be "transported to the spiritual life." The common fruit trees of the garden were given to offset the effects of "loss of moisture" (note the doctrine of the humors at work), while the tree of life was intended to offset the inefficiencies of the body. Following Augustine in the City of God (xiv.26), “man was furnished with food against hunger, with drink against thirst, and with the tree of life against the ravages of old age.”
John Calvin (Commentary on Genesis 2:8), following a different thread in Augustine (City of God, xiii.20), understood the tree in sacramental language. Given that humanity cannot exist except within a covenantal relationship with God, and all covenants use symbols to give us "the attestation of his grace", he gives the tree, "not because it could confer on man that life with which he had been previously endued, but in order that it might be a symbol and memorial of the life which he had received from God." God often uses symbols; he doesn't transfer his power into these outward signs, but "by them He stretches out His hand to us, because, without assistance, we cannot ascend to Him." Thus he intends man, as often as he eats the fruit, to remember the source of his life, and acknowledge that he lives not by his own power, but by God's kindness. Calvin denies (contra Aquinas and without mentioning his name) that the tree served as a biological defense against physical aging. This is the standing interpretation in modern Reformed theology as well.
Judaism
According to Jewish mythology, in the Garden of Eden there is a tree of life or the "tree of souls"[9] that blossoms and produces new souls, which fall into the Guf, the Treasury of Souls. The Angel Gabriel reaches into the treasury and takes out the first soul that comes into his hand. Then Lailah, the Angel of Conception, watches over the embryo until it is born.[10]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2018)
The tree of life is represented in several examples of sacred geometry and is central in particular to the Kabbalah, where it is represented as a diagram of ten nodes called sefirot (singular sefirah), or the ten emanations or attributes of God. Kabbalah is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism.[11]
In popular culture
The tree of life is mentioned explicitly in the 2006 film The Fountain; it is discussed in connection with the Hebrew Genesis book.
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
