Monarchy of Cambodia: Difference between revisions

King of Cambodia
King of Cambodia
ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃកម្ពុជា
	Royal Arms of Cambodia
Incumbent
	Norodom Sihamoni; since 14 October 2004
Details
Style	His Majesty
First monarch	Queen Soma
Formation	68 AD; 1,955–1,956 years ago ; 24 September 1993; 30 years ago (restored)
Abolition	9 October 1970 – 24 September 1993
Residence	Khemarin Palace (official); The Royal Residence (secondary)
Appointer	Royal Council of the Throne
Website	norodomsihamoni.org

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The monarchy of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. In the contemporary period, the King's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 68 AD except during its abolition from 1970 to 1993. Since 1993, the King of Cambodia has been an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Candidates are chosen from among descendants of Monarch Ang Duong who are at least 30 years old, from the two royal houses of Cambodia (the House of Norodom and the House of Sisowath).

Role

Cambodia's constitution, promulgated in 1993 stipulated the king's role as a mainly ceremonial one. It declared that the king "shall reign, but not govern"^[1] as well as being the "symbol of national unity and continuity".^[2]

The king performs important functions of state as required by the constitution. This includes but is not limited to:

Appointing the Prime Minister of Cambodia and the Cabinet of Cambodia.^[3]
Convening over the opening of the two legislative bodies, the National Assembly of Cambodia and the Senate of Cambodia.^[4]^[5]
Serving as the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.^[6]
Meeting with the Prime Minister on a semi-monthly basis in which the King is briefed on matters of state.^[7]
Signing the royal code/decree that gives effect to laws enacted by the legislature and proposals by the cabinet.^[8]
Acting as "supreme arbiter" to enable the functioning of state institutions.^[9]
Receiving credentials from ambassadors.^[10]
Possessing the power of commutation and pardon.^[11]
Presiding over the Supreme Council of the Magistracy.^[12]^[13]
Appointing a fixed number of members to serve on state institutions such as the Senate and the Constitutional Council.^[14]^[15]
Awarding of national honours.^[16]

The king also fulfils other roles not explicitly mentioned in the constitution in his capacity as head of state, for example, presiding over events of national significance^[17] including religious ceremonies and traditions integral to the Khmer nation,^[18] supporting humanitarian and philanthropic causes,^[19] and representing Cambodia abroad when undertaking official visits overseas.^[20] Although there have been female rulers in the past, the 1993 constitution currently forbids women from succeeding to the throne.^[21]

Ministry of the Royal Palace

The Ministry of the Royal Palace, currently overseen by Minister Kong Sam Ol in conjunction with the Supreme Privy Advisory Council, formerly headed by the King's half-brother Prince Norodom Ranariddh assists and advises the king accordingly in carrying out his duties as monarch.

Mythological history

Sage Kambu Swayambhuva

Early period (68–1431)

Funan (68–627)

Order	Monarch	Names in Foreign Texts	Reign
01	Queen Soma	Liǔyè (Traditional Khmer Call: Neang Neak)	68-later 1st century
02	Kaundinya I	Hùntián (Traditional Khmer Call: Preah Tong)	later 1st century
03	Unknown	Unknown	later 2nd century
04	Hun Pan-huang	Hùnpánkuàng	later 2nd century-198
05	Pan-Pan	Hùnpánpán	198-201
06	Srei Meara	Fàn Shīmàn or Fàn Shīwàn	201–225
07	Unknown	Fàn Jīnshēng	225
08	Unknown	Fàn Zhān	225-244
09	Unknown	Fàn Chāng	244
10	Unknown	Fàn Xún	244-289
11	Unknown	Fàn Tiānzhú	289-357
12	Unknown	Tiānzhú Zhāntán	357-410
13	Kaundinya II	Qiáochénrú	410-434
14	Srindravarman I	Chílítuóbámó	434–435
15	Unknown	Unknown	435-438?
16	Unknown	Unknown	438?-484
17	Jayavarman Kaundinya	Shéyébámó	484–514
18	Rudravarman	Liútuóbámó	514–550
Funan-Chenla War: 550–627
19	Pvirakvarman I	Unknown	550-600
20	Mhenteractvarman I	Unknown	600–615
21	Nteractvarman I	Unknown	615-627

Chenla (550–802)

Order	Monarch	Personal Name	Reign
	Shruta Varman		550-555
	Shreshtha Varman II		555-560
	Vira Varman		560-575
	Queen Kambuja-raja Lakshmi		575-580
22	Bhavavarman I	Bhavavarman	580–600
23	Mohendravarman	Chet Sen	600–616
24	Isanavarman I	Isanavarman	616–635
25	Bhavavarman II	Bhavavarman	639–657
26	Jayavarman I	Jayavarman	657–681
27	Queen: Jayadevi	Jayadevi	681–713

Khmer Empire (802–1431)

Order	Monarch	Personal Name	Reign
28	Jayavarman II	Jayavarman	802–835
29	Jayavarman III	Jayavarthon	835–877
30	Indravarman I	Indravarman	877–889
31	Yasovarman I	Yasovarthon	889–900
32	Harshavarman I	Harshavarman	900–925
33	Ishanavarman II	Isanavarman	925–928
34	Jayavarman IV	Jayavarman	928–941
35	Harshavarman II	Harshavarman	941–944
36	Rajendravarman I	Rajedravarman	944–968
37	Jayavarman V	Jayavarman	968–1001
38	Udayadityavarman I	Udayadityavarman	1002
39	Jayavirahvarman	Jayavirahvarman	1002–1006
40	Suryavarman I	Suryavarman	1006–1050
41	Udayadityavarman II	Udayadityavarman	1050–1066
42	Harshavarman III	Harshavarman	1066–1080
43	Nripatindravarman	Nripatindravarman	1080–1113
44	Jayavarman VI	Jayavarman	1080–1107
45	Dharanindravarman I	Dharanindravarman	1107–1113
46	Suryavarman II	Suryavarman	1113–1150
47	Dharanindravarman II	Dharanindravarman	1150–1156
48	Yasovarman II	Yasovarman	1156–1165
49	Tribhuvanadityavarman	Tribhuvanadityavarman	1165–1177
Cham Invasion: 1177–1181
50	Jayavarman VII	Jayavathon	1181–1218
51	Indravarman II	Indravarman	1218–1243
The first major Thai kingdom was created in 1238 during the reign of Indravarman by Pho Khun Si Intharathit in Sukhothai, an area formerly ruled by Lavo in vassalage to Angkor.
52	Jayavarman VIII	Jayavarman	1243–1295
53	Indravarman III	Srei Indravarman	1295–1308
54	Indrajayavarman	Srei Jayavarman	1308–1327
55	Jayavarman IX	Jayavama Borommesvarah / Jayavarman Parameshwara	1327–1336
56	Trasak Paem	Ponhea Chey	1336–1340
57	Nippean Bat	Ponhea Kreak	1340–1346
58	Sithean Reachea	Sidhanta Raja	1346–1347
59	Lompong Reachea		1346–1352
Siamese Invasion: 1351–1352 (17 months)
61	Srei Soriyoavong		1352–1369
62	Borom Reamea I		1369–1372
63	Dhamma Reachea I	Dhamma Soak Reach	1373–1385
Siam attacks Angkor Second time with 100,000 troops.
64	Borom Reachea I	Ponhea Yat	1385-1432
65	Noreay Reamea		1433-1437
66	Srei Reachea		1437–1468

Middle Period (1431–1863)

Chaktomuk period (1420–1525)

Name	Personal Name	Reign
Borom Reachea I ពញាយ៉ាត	Ponhea Yat ពញាយ៉ាត	1385–1432
Noreay Reamea នរាយណ៍រាមា	Narayanaraja នរាយណ៍រាមា	1433–1437
Srei Reachea ស្រីរាជា	Sri Raja ស្រីរាជា	1437–1468
Srei Soriyoatey ស្រីសុរិយោទ័យ	Rajadhiraja	1468–1476
Dhamma Reachea II ធម្មរាជាទី២	Dhammarajadhiraja	1476–1504
Srei Sokunbot ស្រីសុគន្ធបទ		1504–1514

Civil War: Chan Reachea and Sdech Kan war: 1516–1525

Longvek period (1528–1593)

Name	Personal Name	Reign
Srei Chettha ស្រីជេដ្ឋា	Sdach Korn ស្ដេចកន	1516–1525
Chan Reachea ចន្ទរាជា	Ponhea Chan ពញាចន្ទ	1516–1566
Barom Reachea II បរមរាជាទី២	Boramin Reachea	1566–1576
Preah Satha I ព្រះសត្ថាទី១		1576–1584
Chey Chettha I ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី១	Chey Chettha I ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី១	1584–1593

Srei Santhor Era (1594–1620)

Name	Personal Name	Reign
Borom Reamea II បរមរាមាទី២	Reamea Cheung Prey រាមាជើងព្រៃ	1594–1596
Borom Reachea III បរមរាជាទី៣	Ponhea On ពញាអន	1596–1599
Borom Reachea IV បរមរាជាទី៤	Ponhea Nhom ពញាញោម	1599–1602
Srei Soriyoapor ស្រីសុរិយោពណ៌	Srei Soriyoapor ស្រីសុរិយោពណ៌	1602–1620

Oudong period (1620–1863)

Name	Personal Name	Reign
Chey Chettha II ជ័យជេដ្ឋាទី២		1618–1628
Udayaraja (Outey Reachea I) ឧទ័យរាជាទី១	Outey ឧទ័យ	1628–1642
Dhammaraja II (Thommo Reachea II) ស្រីធម្មរាជាទី២	Ponhea To ពញាតូ	1628–1631
Ang Tong Reachea អង្គទងរាជា	Ponhea Nou ពញានូ	1631–1640
Padumaraja (Batom Reachea) បទុមរាជា	Ang Non អង្គនន់	1640–1642
Ramadhipati (Reameathiptei I) រាមាធិបតីទី១	Ponhea Chan ពញាចន្ទ	1642–1658
Paramaraja V (Barom Reachea V) បុរមរាជា ទី៥	Ang So អង្គសូរ	1658–1672
Chey Chettha III ជ័យជេដ្ឋា ទី៣		1672–1673
Preah Keo II ព្រះកែវហ៊្វាទី២	Ang Chee អង្គជី	1673–1674
Batom Reachea III បទុមរាជាទី៣	Ang Nan	1674
Chey Chettha IV ជ័យជេដ្ឋា ទី៤	Ang Sor	1675 – 1695, 1696 – 1699, 1700 – 1702 and 1703 – 1706
Outey I ឧទ័យទី១	Ang Yong អង្គយ៉ង	1695–1696
Parama Ramadhipati (Barom Reameathiptei) បរម រាមាធិបតី	Ang Em	1699–1700 and 1710 – 1722
Dhammaraja III (Thommo Reachea III) សេដ្ឋា ទី២	Ang Tham	1702 – 1703, 1706 – 1709 and 1736 – 1747
Satha II សេដ្ឋា ទី២	Ang Chey អង្គជ័យ	1722–1736 and 1749
Dhammaraja IV (Thommo Reachea IV) ស្រីធម្មរាជា	Ang Em អង្គឯម	1747
Ramadhipati III (Reameathiptei III) រាមាធិបតីទី៣	Ang Tong អង្គទង	1748 – 1749, 1755 – 1758
Chey Chettha V ជ័យជេដ្ឋា ទី៥	Ang Snguon អង្គស្ងួន	1749–1755
Udayaraja II (Outey Reachea II) ឧទ័យរាជា ទី២	Ang Ton អង្គតន់	1758–1775
Ream Reachea ព្រះរាមរាជា	Ang Non II អង្គនន់ទី ២	1775–1779
Narayanaraja III (Neareay Reachea III) នារាយណ៍រាជាទី ៣ ។	Ang Eng អង្គអេង	1779 – 1782, 1794 – 1796
Regency, Ang Chan being a minor: 1796 – 1806
Udayaraja III (Outey Reachea III) ឧទ័យរាជា ទី៣	Ang Chan អង្គចន្ទ	1806–1834
Ang Mey អង្គម៉ី	Ksat Trey	1834–1841
Hariraksa Rama Issaradhipati (Harihak Reamea Issarathiptei) ហរិរក្សរាមាឥស្សរាធិបតី	Ang Duong អង្គដួង	1841–1860
Norodom Prohmbarirak នរោត្ដម ព្រហ្មបរិរក្ស	Ang Reacheavoddey អង្គរាជាវតី	19 October 1860 – 11 August 1863

Modern period (1863–present)

French protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953)

Name	Portrait	House	Birth	Death	Relationship to predecessor
Norodom Prohmbarirak នរោត្ដម ព្រហ្មបរិរក្ស 11 August 1863 – 24 April 1904 (40 years, 257 days)		Norodom	3 February 1834 Angkor Borei	24 April 1904 Phnom Penh Aged: 70 years, 81 days	Son of Ang Duong
Sisowath Chamchakrapong ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ ចមចក្រពង្ស 27 April 1904 – 9 August 1927 (23 years, 104 days)		Sisowath	7 September 1840 Mongkol Borey	9 August 1927 Phnom Penh Aged: 86 years, 336 days	Half-brother of Norodom
Sisowath Monivong ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ មុនីវង្ស 9 August 1927 – 23 April 1941 (13 years, 257 days)	File:Sa Majesté Sisowath Monivong.jpg	Sisowath	27 December 1875 Phnom Penh	23 April 1941 Kampot Aged: 65 years, 117 days	Son of Sisowath
Norodom Sihanouk^[22] នរោត្តម សីហនុ 24 April 1941 – 2 March 1955 (13 years, 312 days)		Norodom	31 October 1922 Phnom Penh	15 October 2012 Beijing Aged: 89 years, 350 days	Maternal grandson of Sisowath Monivong

First Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)

Name	Portrait	House	Birth	Death	Relationship to predecessor
Norodom Suramarit នរោត្តម សុរាម្រិត 3 March 1955 – 3 April 1960 (5 years, 31 days)		Norodom (by birth) Sisowath (by marriage)	6 March 1896 Phnom Penh	3 April 1960 Phnom Penh Aged: 64 years, 28 days	Father of Norodom Sihanouk
Sisowath Monivong Kossamak Nearirath Sereyvathana ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ មុនីវង្ស កុសុមៈ នារីរ័ត្ន សេរីវឌ្ឍនា 20 June 1960 – 9 October 1970 (10 years, 111 days) ^[a]		Sisowath (by birth) Norodom (by marriage)	9 April 1904 Phnom Penh	27 April 1975 Beijing Aged: 71 years, 18 days	Consort of Norodom Suramarit

Second Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present)

Name	Portrait	House	Birth	Death	Relationship to predecessor
Norodom Sihanouk នរោត្តម សីហនុ 24 September 1993 – 7 October 2004 (11 years, 13 days)		Norodom	31 October 1922 Phnom Penh	15 October 2012 Beijing Aged: 89 years, 350 days	Son of Sisowath Kossamak
Norodom Sihamoni នរោត្តម សីហមុនី 14 October 2004 – present (19 years, 303 days)		Norodom	14 May 1953 Phnom Penh	Living Age: 71 years, 90 days	Son of Norodom Sihanouk

Royal symbols

Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia (until 1970)
Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia (1993–present)
Royal arms of Cambodia

Notes

^ Queen Sisowath Kossamak was not an official monarch, but a "symbol, incarnation, and representative" of the dynasty after the death of her husband, King Norodom Suramarit. Norodom Sihanouk appointed himself chief of state whose powers equal that of a traditional monarch.^[23]

References

^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 7.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 8.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter X, Article 119.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VII, Article 82.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 106.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 23.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 20.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Articles 26 and 28.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 9.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 25.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 27.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 21.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XI, Article 134.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 100.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XII, Article 137.
^ The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 29.
^ "Cambodian king,..."
^ "Cambodia marks..."
^ "$1 million royal gift..."
^ "President Xi meets Cambodian king in Beijing" in GB Times
^ Jeldres, Julio A. (2 April 1999). "Cambodia's Monarchy: The search for the successor". The Phnom Penh Post.
^ "Constitution of Cambodia 1947" (PDF). 6 May 1947. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
^ "Cambodian Queen is Dead in Peking". The New York Times. 28 April 1975. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

External links

"$1 million royal gift for Kantha Bopha" in Khmer Times
"Cambodia marks beginning of farming season with royal ploughing ceremony" in Xinhuanet
"Cambodian king, PM wrap up annual Water Festival" in Xinhuanet
"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization.
"President Xi meets Cambodian king in Beijing" in GB Times

[24] Queen Sisowath Kossamak was not an official monarch, but a "symbol, incarnation, and representative" of the dynasty after the death of her husband, King Norodom Suramarit. Norodom Sihanouk appointed himself chief of state whose powers equal that of a traditional monarch.^[23]

[1] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 7.

[2] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 8.

[3] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter X, Article 119.

[4] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VII, Article 82.

[5] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 106.

[6] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 23.

[7] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 20.

[8] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Articles 26 and 28.

[9] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 9.

[10] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 25.

[11] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 27.

[12] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 21.

[13] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XI, Article 134.

[14] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter VIII, Article 100.

[15] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter XII, Article 137.

[16] The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Chapter II, Article 29.

[17] "Cambodian king,..."

[18] "Cambodia marks..."

[19] "$1 million royal gift..."

[20] "President Xi meets Cambodian king in Beijing" in GB Times

[21] Jeldres, Julio A. (2 April 1999). "Cambodia's Monarchy: The search for the successor". The Phnom Penh Post.

[22] "Constitution of Cambodia 1947" (PDF). 6 May 1947. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[23] "Cambodian Queen is Dead in Peking". The New York Times. 28 April 1975. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

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