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An onlooker warned the marine, saying, "You're gonna kill him now."<ref>{{Cite news |title=White House reacts to death of Jordan Neely |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/more-arrests-during-protests-calling-for-justice-for-jordan-neely-who-died-in-subway-chokehold-incident/ |publisher=CBS News |date=May 9, 2023}}</ref> After the chokehold, the onlooker said, "He's all right. He ain't gonna die."<ref name="What We Know" /> Vázquez said that Neely was moving and defending himself during the chokehold, and Vázquez did not believe that he would die.<ref name="BBCdetails">{{Cite news |title=Jordan Neely: What happened in NYC subway chokehold case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65578905 |date=May 12, 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref> Neely was taken to [[Lenox Hill Hospital]], where he was pronounced dead; according to some sources, he died on the subway car's floor.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Galaviz|first=Michelle|date=May 2, 2023|title="Por molestar a los pasajeros", hombre muere estrangulado en el metro de Nueva York|trans-title="For disturbing passengers", man choked to death in New York City subway|language=es|newspaper=[[El Heraldo de México]]|url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/mundo/2023/5/2/video-por-molestar-los-pasajeros-hombre-muere-estrangulado-en-el-metro-de-nueva-york-502461.html|access-date=May 4, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505002543/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/mundo/2023/5/2/video-por-molestar-los-pasajeros-hombre-muere-estrangulado-en-el-metro-de-nueva-york-502461.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
An onlooker warned the marine, saying, "You're gonna kill him now."<ref>{{Cite news |title=White House reacts to death of Jordan Neely |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/more-arrests-during-protests-calling-for-justice-for-jordan-neely-who-died-in-subway-chokehold-incident/ |publisher=CBS News |date=May 9, 2023}}</ref> After the chokehold, the onlooker said, "He's all right. He ain't gonna die."<ref name="What We Know" /> Vázquez said that Neely was moving and defending himself during the chokehold, and Vázquez did not believe that he would die.<ref name="BBCdetails">{{Cite news |title=Jordan Neely: What happened in NYC subway chokehold case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65578905 |date=May 12, 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref> Neely was taken to [[Lenox Hill Hospital]], where he was pronounced dead; according to some sources, he died on the subway car's floor.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Galaviz|first=Michelle|date=May 2, 2023|title="Por molestar a los pasajeros", hombre muere estrangulado en el metro de Nueva York|trans-title="For disturbing passengers", man choked to death in New York City subway|language=es|newspaper=[[El Heraldo de México]]|url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/mundo/2023/5/2/video-por-molestar-los-pasajeros-hombre-muere-estrangulado-en-el-metro-de-nueva-york-502461.html|access-date=May 4, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505002543/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/mundo/2023/5/2/video-por-molestar-los-pasajeros-hombre-muere-estrangulado-en-el-metro-de-nueva-york-502461.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On May 11, 2023, it was announced that Penny would be charged with [[Manslaughter (United States law)#Terminology|second-degree manslaughter]]. On June 14, 2023, he was officially indicted by a [[grand jury]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Grand jury votes to indict Marine who held homeless man in fatal chokehold on NYC subway|url= https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/14/us/daniel-penny-indicted-jordan-neely-chokehold}}</ref>


==Incident==
==Incident==

Revision as of 21:21, 14 June 2023

Killing of Jordan Neely
Map
Right marker: Jordan Neely boarded train at the Second Avenue station.
Left marker: Train stopped at the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, in response to Jordan Neely being put in a chokehold before the stop.
DateMay 1, 2023 (2023-05-01)
Timec. 2:30 p.m.[1] (EDT)
LocationManhattan, New York City, U.S.
TypeHomicide by chokehold[a][1]
Filmed byJuan Alberto Vázquez
DeathsJordan Neely
ChargesSecond-degree manslaughter

On May 1, 2023, around 2:30 p.m., Jordan Neely, a homeless 30-year-old black man, was killed by a 24-year-old white ex-U.S. marine who placed him in a chokehold while they were riding the F train on the New York City Subway in Manhattan, New York City, U.S.[2][3][4] At least two others restrained Neely's limbs. Freelance journalist and witness Juan Alberto Vázquez recorded video of the incident.

According to Vázquez, after Neely got on the train at Second Avenue station he shouted he was hungry and thirsty, that he did not mind "going to jail or getting life in prison", and was "ready to die".[4][5]

Vázquez said that Neely did not physically attack anyone.[6][7][8] The marine approached Neely from behind and put him in a chokehold,[9] a technique he would have practiced in basic training, and been tested on as a graduation requirement.[10][11][12] Around 30 seconds later[13] the train stopped at the Broadway–Lafayette Street station and remained at the station after riders held open the train doors.[2][14] According to one source, the typical transit time between the station Neely boarded and where it was stopped, after he was put in a chokehold, is one minute.[15]

The chokehold lasted for several minutes and at least three minutes were recorded on video.[16][17] Vázquez told NBC New York the chokehold lasted for 15 minutes, while also telling CNN that "the two men were on the floor for about seven minutes" and that he "started recording about three or four minutes after the chokehold began".[18][19] In a widely cited Facebook post containing his video of the incident, Vázquez also wrote that the chokehold lasted for 15 minutes.[20]

An onlooker warned the marine, saying, "You're gonna kill him now."[21] After the chokehold, the onlooker said, "He's all right. He ain't gonna die."[2] Vázquez said that Neely was moving and defending himself during the chokehold, and Vázquez did not believe that he would die.[22] Neely was taken to Lenox Hill Hospital, where he was pronounced dead; according to some sources, he died on the subway car's floor.[23]

On May 11, 2023, it was announced that Penny would be charged with second-degree manslaughter. On June 14, 2023, he was officially indicted by a grand jury.[24]

Incident

External video
video icon Video of the last three minutes of the chokehold (03:48) on Facebook – taken by freelance journalist Juan Alberto Vázquez

The incident took place on the New York City Subway in Manhattan.[25] Neely boarded a northbound F train at the Second Avenue station just before it would depart to Broadway–Lafayette Street station.[15] Vázquez told the New York Times that Neely began yelling, "I don't have food, I don't have a drink, I'm fed up. I don't mind going to jail and getting life in prison. I'm ready to die."[26] In an interview with Curbed, Vázquez said:

[Neely] stopped the door from closing and he got on the train. And he stood in the middle of the train car, and then he started yelling that he didn't have food, that he didn't have water. From what I understood, he was yelling that he was tired, that he didn't care about going to jail.

I tried to start filming from that moment, but I didn't because I couldn't see anything – it was too crowded. And then I heard him take off his jacket. He bundled it up and just threw it on the floor, very violently. You could hear the sound of the zipper hitting the floor. At that moment, when he threw the jacket, the people who were sitting around him stood up and moved away. He kept standing there and he kept yelling.

It's at that moment that this man came up behind him and grabbed him by the neck, and I think – I didn't see, but I think – that move of grabbing him by the neck also led him to grab Neely by the legs with his own. They both fell. And then in like 30 seconds, I don't know, we got to Broadway–Lafayette, and they were just there on the floor.[14]

Vázquez said that Neely did not interact with the marine prior to the chokehold.[27]

When the train reached Broadway–Lafayette Street station, riders prevented the train from moving onward by holding open the train doors.[2][14] It's estimated that the time from when Jordan Neely boarded the train at the Second Avenue station to it reaching the Broadway–Lafayette Street station was one minute.[15]

Neely struggled against the chokehold by kicking and trying to free his arms, which were being pinned by two other men.[28] Vázquez said that the marine asked other riders to call the police during the chokehold.[14]

A witness stated that at some point during the chokehold, the marine relaxed his grip on Neely, and Neely coughed up a wad of blood and mucus.[29] The same witness noted that nobody on the train car was telling the marine to stop his chokehold, and that some passengers expressed hostile statements towards Neely and expressed support for the marine's actions.[29] At 2:29 p.m., a passenger on the train warned that Neely had defecated on himself, a sign that he may be dying, saying, "You don't want to catch a murder charge. You got a hell of a chokehold, man."[2][22] One of the other men restraining Neely responded, claiming that what appeared to be new excrement was just old excrement.[30] One of the men also responded to the warning by saying that the marine had stopped "squeezing" Neely's neck.[22] About 50 seconds after Neely became motionless, the marine and one man who was still restraining Neely's arms released their hold on him.[28][31] Shortly thereafter, a man named Johnny Grima can be seen in the video saying, "Don't put him on his back though, man. He might choke on his own spit."[32] Neely was then placed on his side, into a recovery position.[22] Grima said that he put water on Neely's forehead, but was told to stop by the marine.[33] Other passengers also checked on him and the passerby who warned before said, "He's all right. He ain't gonna die."[2]

The New York Police Department was reported to have received a call at 2:27 p.m. about a fight on the train, and arrived before 2:30 p.m., administering first aid to an unconscious Neely.[2][19][18] Another source says the first call was at 2:25 pm according to police.[5] The NYPD issued a press release on May 4 which said they had responded at 2:27 pm to calls made before that time.[34] The New York City Fire Department received its call for help at 2:39 p.m., arriving at 2:46 p.m.. At least five 9-1-1 calls were made, with some initial reports describing a homeless man that some found to be threatening in his mannerisms and volume.[35]

Neely was pronounced dead after being transported to Lenox Hill Hospital.[36] According to some sources, when attempts were made to resuscitate him inside the subway car, Neely was already dead.[37]

Funeral

Neely's funeral was held on May 19 at Mount Neboh Baptist Church in Harlem. At least 200 people were present, while a small group of peaceful protesters gathered outside. In addition to his family and friends, several Democratic politicians including Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York City public advocate Jumaane Williams and Lt. Gov. Antonio Delgado were also present.

Civil rights activist and Baptist minister Al Sharpton, delivered Neely's eulogy, in which he criticized the systematic abuse and criminalization of people with mental illness, and the double-standards of the police and criminal justice system on the basis of race. He also objected to the characterization of the marine as a "good Samaritan", saying, "A good Samaritan helps those in trouble, they don’t choke him out."[38][39]

Neely was buried at Kensico Cemetary in Westchester County in a private service.[40]

People involved

Jordan Neely

Jordan Neely
Neely posing at the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station in 2011
Born
Jordan Maurice Caine Neely[41]

(1992-12-18)December 18, 1992
New York City, U.S.
DiedMay 1, 2023(2023-05-01) (aged 30)
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Cause of deathHomicide by chokehold
Resting placeKensico Cemetery[42]
EducationBayonne High School [43]
Known forMichael Jackson impersonator

Jordan Maurice Caine Neely[41] was a 30-year-old black man who grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey.[44] In 2007, when Neely was 14 years old, his mother was murdered by a man with whom she had been in an abusive relationship. Her body was found in a suitcase on the side of the Henry Hudson Parkway. Neely was called to testify at the trial.[45][46] According to his aunt, he developed depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder after the murder of his mother.[47] Neely was placed in foster care as a youth.[44]

In 2009, Neely was a locally known Michael Jackson impersonator, performing in Times Square, on subways, and in subway stations.[44][47][48] He was reputed to be a talented dancer.[49] Neely was frequently homeless, and had been a client of the Bowery Residents' Committee, which attempted to find him permanent shelter.[44][50] At the time of his death, Neely was on the "Top 50 List", a roster maintained by New York City of the homeless individuals most in need of assistance and treatment. Specialized outreach teams had contacted him hundreds of times, and he was treated by one of the city-funded Intensive Mobile Treatment teams.[51][52]

According to a police officer, Neely had been arrested 42 times by the NYPD.[53][54] Most the arrests were for petty offenses, such as loitering and trespassing;[55] however, three of the arrests were for unprovoked assaults on women in the NYC subway,[53][54] and one was for assaulting a 68-year-old man on a subway platform in 2019.[56][13] Other arrests, in 2020 and 2021, included those for criminal contempt, after violating a restraining order, and public lewdness, for exposing himself to a female stranger.[57][58][additional citation(s) needed] Neely pled guilty in 2015 to endangering the welfare of a child after dragging a 7-year-old girl down a street; he was sentenced to four months in jail.[59][60][61]

At the time of his death, he was subject to a 15-month alternative to incarceration program after pleading guilty in February 2023 to felony assault of a 67-year-old woman, whom he had punched as she exited a train station in November 2021, breaking her nose and fracturing an orbital bone. Under the terms of the program, Neely was to live in a treatment facility in the Bronx. He had a warrant issued for his arrest after he missed a court date to update a judge on his progress and abandoned the treatment facility 13 days after he started the program.[13][62][51]

In March 2023, Neely was spotted and taken to a homeless shelter by an outreach worker, who described him as calm and subdued. His last interaction with law enforcement was on April 9, 2023; outreach workers called police after witnessing Neely urinating inside a subway car, and he was ejected from the train. Five days later, an outreach worker spotted Neely in Coney Island, and noted him as aggressive and incoherent, writing that "He could be a harm to others or himself if left untreated."[51]

Accused

The accused is a 24-year-old white former marine sergeant from Long Island, New York, who choked Neely. The accused hired Thomas Kenniff, a former Republican candidate for district attorney, to represent him.[2]

On May 5, 2023, the accused's attorneys released a statement offering his condolences to Neely's family, stating that he "never intended to harm Mr. Neely and could not have foreseen his untimely death" and that "[w]hen Mr. Neely began aggressively threatening [the accused] and the other passengers, [the accused], with the help of others, acted to protect themselves, until help arrived."[63][64]

Three weeks after the incident, the accused denied any racial motive saying, "I'm not a white supremacist" in an interview.[65][66] In video recorded statements released by his lawyers on June 11, the accused said, "Some people say this was about race, which is absolutely ridiculous. I didn't see a Black man threatening passengers. I saw a man threatening passengers. A lot of whom were people of color. A person who helped restrain Neely was a person of color."[67][68][69]

In the same video, the accused said about Neely, "The three main threats that he repeated over and over was, 'I'm going to kill you,' 'I'm prepared to go to jail for life,' and 'I'm willing to die.'"[70] He also disputed reports that he applied the chokehold for 15 minutes, saying, "Between stops, it was only a couple of minutes, so the whole interaction, less than five minutes."[71]

Police questioned the marine after the incident but released him without charges a few hours later.[13] On May 3, Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg confirmed that his office had begun an investigation into Neely's death.[72] Also on May 3, the medical examiner's office determined the manner of death to be homicide,[73] stating that Neely died from "compression of neck (chokehold)".[1] On May 11, Bragg's office announced that the marine would be charged with second degree manslaughter, which carries a penalty of between two and fifteen years in prison. On May 12, the marine turned himself into police for arrest and was arraigned in Manhattan Criminal Court. Since he had not been indicted by a grand jury, he chose not to enter a plea, and was released from custody on $100,000 cash bail. He was required to surrender his passport and instructed to not leave New York without approval. His next court appearance was set for July 17.[74][75][76][77]

A grand jury was impaneled on May 31 to hear Bragg's case against the marine.[78] According to the New York Times, a grand jury indictment is usually a foregone conclusion for the vast majority of defendants, and most defendants choose not to testify on their own behalf before the grand jury.[79] However, his legal team say that the marine is prepared to testify and are considering whether he might avoid indictment doing so, but that they had not yet decided, saying, "Any speculation regarding a client's intent to testify at this stage would be premature."[80]

Reactions and protests

Neely's family and friends

Neely's father Andre Zachery spoke with the New York Daily News on May 5, 2023, stating, "Obviously he was calling for help ... He wasn't out to hurt nobody. He was a good kid and a good man too. Something has to be done. That man, he's still walking around right now. My son didn't deserve to die because he needed help."[81] On May 8, 2023, attorneys representing Neely's family released a statement about the accused's press release, saying it, "...is not an apology nor an expression of regret. It is a character assassination and a clear example of why he believed he was entitled to take Jordan's life ... He never attempted to help him at all. In short, his actions on the train, and now his words, show why he needs to be in prison."[82] The family asked Al Sharpton to deliver the eulogy at Neely's funeral.[83]

Moses Harper, a dance instructor and performer, friend and mentor of Neely from age 16 until his death said, "when I think of Jordan Neely, I think of a gifted, kind, young soul who was trying to find some joy and peace in this world. He was looking for a reason to celebrate and engage in something positive. And it is painful to think that somebody treated him like he wasn't worth anything. He was priceless." Based on her years of outreach work at Rikers Island, Harper said that younger homeless men like Neely were frequently counseled by their elders to intentionally commit minor offenses for the purpose of getting a warm meal and bed in jail, or claim suicidal ideation to gain hospital admission, when no other options were available. The last time Harper saw Neely alive, she encouraged him to "get clean and clean up." Neely said, "Don't worry, I am going to do it." "But the system failed Jordan," said Harper.[84]

Public officials and community

New York City Mayor Eric Adams called Neely's death "tragic" and said "there's a lot we don't know about what happened here", and that Neely's mental health issues played a role in the killing.[16] When asked about the issue of vigilantism in a May 4 interview with Abby Phillip, he replied that "we cannot blanketly tell passengers what they should or should not do."[85] Adams later held a press conference calling for passage of the proposed Supportive Interventions Act, a bill that would lower the legal threshold at which a person can be involuntarily committed in New York.[86]

City Council member Tiffany Cabán said the killing was "the inevitable outcome of the dangerous rhetoric of stigmatizing mental health issues, stigmatizing poverty and the continued bloated investment in the carceral system at the expense of funding access to housing, food and health".[87]

Metropolitan Transportation Authority chair Janno Lieber called the death "really troubling and upsetting". He urges riders to "find a way to deescalate" if "challenges" emerge on the subways.[88]

On May 3, New York state Senator Julia Salazar wrote, "A man named Jordan Neely was choked to death in public on the subway this week while people watched and even cheered. This is horrific. The constant demonization of poor people and people in mental health crisis in our city allows for this barbarism. It is making our city sick."[89] She further labeled the killing as a lynching.[90]

Democratic representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez[91] wrote on May 3, "Jordan Neely was murdered. But bc Jordan was houseless and crying for food in a time when the city is raising rents and stripping services to militarize itself while many in power demonize the poor, the murderer gets protected w/ passive headlines + no charges. It's disgusting."[92]

Governor Kathy Hochul stated Neely's death was "deeply disturbing".[93] New York City Comptroller Brad Lander stated that "We must not become a city where a mentally ill human being can be choked to death by a vigilante without consequence."[94] Adams rebutted statements from Lander and Ocasio-Cortez as not being "very responsible at the time where we're still investigating the situation" and called for officials to wait on investigations from Bragg and law enforcement officials.[16][95]

Other officials expressed frustration that DA Bragg's office had not already criminally charged the marine, claiming that if the assailant had been black, the situation would have unfolded differently. New York City Council speaker Adrienne Adams stated, "The initial response by our legal system to this killing is disturbing and puts on display for the world the double standards that black people and other people of color continue to face."[96]

New York City media reported that residents were divided, with some supporting and others opposing the marine's actions.[97][98]

More than 45,000 online donations have been made to the marine's legal defense fund, totaling around $2 million,[99][100] including $10,000 from Vivek Ramaswamy, with some conservatives – including Republican politicians Ron DeSantis and Matt Gaetz – labeling him a hero and celebrating his actions.[101][102][103] Republican politician Nikki Haley was very critical of the DA charging the marine, and said "the governor needs to pardon [the marine] ... no question about it [..] right away".[104][105]

Shortly after Neely's death, Gabriel Murphy, a former marine with a service record similar to the accused's, started a petition at MoveOn saying, "the individual who choked Mr. Neely to death should be prosecuted for murder." As of May 9, 2023, nearly 6,000 people had signed it. He told Military.com that throughout training, all recruits are taught and practice chokeholds and other martial arts combat techniques, and that passing the first of a five level proficiency system is a graduation requirement. The training is "not something you touch once in boot camp and then go forget about," he said, and that applying a chokehold is "basically starting to kill" the person to whom it is applied. According to the official training manual, "when executed properly, a blood choke takes between 8 to 13 seconds for the aggressor to lose consciousness."[10][11] In an interview with the New York Times, Murphy said that marines are instructed to release a chokehold once the subject loses consciousness, and that video evidence showed the marine continuing to apply the hold for 50 seconds after Neely had gone limp. Murphy said that the marine had misused the technique and that, "I don’t think what he did was OK, and I don’t think it’s in line with anything the Marine Corps teaches."[106]

Journalists

About a month after Neely's death, New York Times reporter Andy Newman, who has reported on and written several articles about the incident,[52][51][50] was interviewed by the Columbia Journalism Review. He said that he found the issues of homelessness and mental illness "vexing to write about" because they lack easy solutions, and that he thought many readers feel or assume that the answer is to "just get these people to take their meds, and or just lock them away in a long-term psychiatric institution." Reflecting on his 25 years at the metro desk he said:

The depressing thing about covering this stuff is that if you just look back at stories through the years, every single mayor has tried ways to fix this problem and to somehow prevent people who are severely mentally ill and maybe prone to violence from doing something terrible to other people or to themselves. And every mayor and every governor comes in with a bunch of plans and programs. And we write these stories about these plans and programs. And for one reason or another, it just always happens again.[107]

Protests

Protestors chant "Say his name: Jordan Neely!" as they walk down Madison Avenue on May 6.

Two days after Neely's killing, a vigil-turned-protest was held inside the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, in which the arrest and charge of the then unnamed man who choked Neely was demanded.[108] A protest in front of the Manhattan district attorney's office was set for May 4,[109] and another protest was held in Brooklyn on the same day;[110] later in the night, a group of demonstrators marched from Brooklyn to Manhattan across the Manhattan Bridge, where they spray-painted slogans related to Neely's death.[111] Several organizations, including Black Lives Matter, NAACP and Amnesty International USA, have called for accountability in Neely's killing.[112][113] On May 5, 2023, protests took place across the city, including locations such as the Broadway–Lafayette Street station, Washington Square Park, and outside the Manhattan district attorney's office, calling for criminal charges to be brought.[114] Protests were again held on May 6, 2023, at various locations in Manhattan, including the Lexington Avenue–63rd Street station, where several protesters were arrested.[115][116] On May 8, 2023, there were clashes between demonstrators and police during the protests, and various arrests were made that night.[117]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A spokesperson for the New York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner explained that "manner of death was ruled a homicide, but that determination is not a ruling on intent or culpability, which is for the criminal justice system to consider".[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Gingras, Brynn; Ly, Laura; Santana, Maria; Sanchez, Ray (May 4, 2023). "Man dies after being put in a chokehold by another rider on New York City subway, officials say. The DA is investigating". CNN. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Maria, Cramer; Meko, Hurubie; Nierenberg, Amelia (May 5, 2023). "What We Know About Jordan Neely's Killing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  3. ^ Long, Katherine; Schwartz, Mattathias; Newsham, Jack (May 5, 2023). "Daniel Penny, a 24-year-old Marine vet, is the man seen choking Jordan Neely in subway death". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Bella, Timothy. "Man dies on N.Y. subway after rider puts him in minutes-long chokehold". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Beckford, Checkey; Santia, Marc; Shea, Tom (May 5, 2023) [May 4, 2023]. "Jordan Neely Subway Chokehold Death: Protests, Calls for Charges Grow As NYPD Asks for Help". WNBC. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  6. ^ Helmore, Edward (May 4, 2023). "Outrage simmers in New York after the killing of Jordan Neely on a subway train". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
  7. ^ "New York failed Jordan Neely, homeless advocates say". BBC News. May 6, 2023.
  8. ^ "Jordan Neely chokehold death: Legal experts Anna Cominsky, David Schwartz break down what's next". CBS News. May 5, 2023. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  9. ^ Lacy, Akela. "How to Not Get Arrested After Killing Someone in Public". The Intercept. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
  10. ^ a b Toropin, Konstantin (May 9, 2023). "A Marine Vet Used a Chokehold Leading to a Man's Death. The Technique, Taught in Basic Training, Faces Fresh Scrutiny". Military.com. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Graduation Requirements". United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  12. ^ https://usmcofficer.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Marine-Corps-Martial-Arts-Program-MCMAP.pdf
  13. ^ a b c d Aceves, Matt; Stieb, Paula (May 7, 2023). "The Outrage Over Jordan Neely's Killing Isn't Going Away". Intelligencer (New York). Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  14. ^ a b c d "'I Wasn't Thinking That Anybody Was Going to Die'". Curbed. May 5, 2023.
  15. ^ a b c Ganeva, Tana (May 11, 2023). "Deadly Chokehold on the F Train". Truthdig. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  16. ^ a b c "Subway Rider Choked Homeless Man to Death, Medical Examiner Rules". The New York Times. May 5, 2023. Archived from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
  17. ^ "Some call NYC subway choking criminal, others hold judgment". Associated Press. May 4, 2023. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  18. ^ a b "What we know about Jordan Neely's chokehold death on the New York subway". CNN. May 5, 2023. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  19. ^ a b Beckford, Checkey (May 2, 2023). "Man Who Threatened NYC Subway Riders Dies After One Put Him in Chokehold: Sources". WNBC. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
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