List of United Nations peacekeeping missions: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of UN peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations.

The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.

Completed missions

Africa

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Conflict	Website
1960–1964	United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC)	Congo	Congo Crisis	[1]
1988–1991	United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)	Angola	Angolan Civil War	[2]
1989–1990	United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)	Namibia	Namibian War of Independence	[3]
1991–1995	United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)	Angola	Angolan Civil War	[4]
1992–1994	United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)	Mozambique	Mozambican Civil War	[5]
1992–1993	United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)	Somalia	Somali Civil War	[6]
1993–1997	United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)	Liberia	First Liberian Civil War	[7]
1993–1994	United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)	Rwanda	Rwandan Civil War	[8]
1993–1994	United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)	Uganda	Rwandan Civil War	[8]
1993–1996	United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)	Rwanda	Rwandan Civil War	[9]
1993–1995	United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)	Somalia	Somali Civil War	[10]
1994	United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)	Chad	Aouzou Strip dispute	[11]
1994	United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)	Libya	Aouzou Strip dispute	[11]
1995–1997	United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)	Angola	Angolan Civil War	[12]
1997–1999	United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)	Angola	Angolan Civil War	[13]
1998–1999	United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)	Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone civil war	[14]
1998–2000	United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)	Central African Republic	Central African Republic mutinies	[15]
1999–2005	United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)	Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone civil war	[16]
2000–2008	United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)	Eritrea	Eritrean-Ethiopian War	[17]
2000–2008	United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)	Ethiopia	Eritrean-Ethiopian War	[17]
2004–2007	United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)	Burundi	Burundi Civil War	[18]

Americas

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1965–1966	Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP)		Dominican Republic	Operation Power Pack	[19]
1989–1992	United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)	¹	Central America	Nicaraguan Civil War	[20]




1991–1995	United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)		El Salvador	El Salvador Civil War	[21]
1993–1996	United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)		Haiti	1991 coup and military rule in Haiti	[22]
1996–1997	United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)		Haiti	Stabilizing Haiti's new democracy	[23]
1997	United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)		Guatemala	Guatemalan Civil War	[24]
1997	United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)		Haiti	Training of the Haitian National Police	[25]
1997–2000	United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)		Haiti	Training of the Haitian National Police	[26]
2000–2001	United Nations General Assembly International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)		Haiti	Training of the Haitian National Police	[27]

¹ Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Asia

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1962–1963	United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF)	¹	West New Guinea	Indonesian takeover of West New Guinea	[28]


1965–1966	United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM)		India	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965	[29]
1965–1966	United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM)		Pakistan	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965	[29]
1988–1990	United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)		Afghanistan	Soviet invasion of Afghanistan	[30]
1988–1990			Pakistan	Soviet invasion of Afghanistan	[30]
1991–1992	United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)		Cambodia	Vietnamese Occupation of Cambodia	[31]
1992–1993	United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)		Cambodia	Vietnamese Occupation of Cambodia	[32]
1994–2000	United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)		Tajikistan	Tajikistan Civil War	[33]
1999	United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)	²	East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[34]
1999	United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)		East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[34]
1999–2002	The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)	²	East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[35]
1999–2002			East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[35]
2002–2005	United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)		East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[36]

¹ The first flag shown is that of the West Papua (West New Guinea), the country that had been arranged to succeed the Dutch colony. However, the Netherlands, whose flag is the second shown, was later forced to hand over the territory to Indonesia, whose flag is last.

² Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).

Europe

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1992–1995	United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)	¹	Former Yugoslavia	Yugoslav wars	[37]

		File:FlagofMacedonia91-95.png

1994–1996	United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO)		Croatia	Croatian War	[38]
1995–2002	United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)		Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian War	[39]
1995–1999	United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)		Republic of Macedonia	Aftermath of the Yugoslav wars	[40]
1996–1998	United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES)		Croatia	Croatian War	[41]
1996–2002	United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)	²	Prevlaka Peninsula	Prevlaka territorial dispute	[42]
1996–2002	United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)		Prevlaka Peninsula	Prevlaka territorial dispute	[42]
1998	United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG)		Croatia	Croatian War	[43]

¹ This mission operated within the current successor states to the Former Yugoslavia of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.

² Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.

Middle East

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Conflict	Website
1956–1967	First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I)	Egypt	Suez Crisis, Six-Day War	[44]
1956–1967	First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I)	Israel	Suez Crisis, Six-Day War	[44]
1958	United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)	Lebanon	Lebanon crisis of 1958	[45]
1963–1964	United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM)	Yemen	Yemen Civil War (See also Yemen Arab Republic)	[46]
1973–1979	Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II)	Egypt	Yom Kippur War	[47]
1973–1979	Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II)	Israel	Yom Kippur War	[47]
1988–1991	United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)	Iran	Iran–Iraq War	[48]
1988–1991	United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)	Iraq	Iran–Iraq War	[48]
1991–2003	United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)	Iraq	Gulf War	[49]
1991–2003	United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)	Kuwait	Gulf War	[49]