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North American archaeological periods divides the history of pre-Columbian North America into a number of named successive eras or periods, from the earliest evidence of human habitation through to the early Colonial period which followed the European colonization of the Americas.

Stage Classification

One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods & cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into 5 phases.^[1] However this divisions have been replaced in most of North America by more local classifications with a more elaborate time breakdown.^[2]

1. The Paleo-Indians stage and/or Lithic stage

2. The Archaic stage

3. Post-archaic stage - At this point the North America classifications system differs from the rest of the Americas.

For more detail on the five major stages, which are still in use in Mesoamerican archaeology, see Mesoamerican chronology and Archaeology of the Americas.

Table of archaeological periods North America

Paleo Indians (Lithic stage) (18000 BC - 8000 BC)		Clovis culture
		Western Fluted Point Tradition		c. 11200 BC - 9000 BC, California
		Post Pattern		c. 11000 BC - 7000 BC, NW California
		Folsom tradition		c. 9000 BC - 8000 BC
		Dalton Tradition		c. 8500 BC - 7900 BC
Archaic period, (Archaic stage) (8000 BC - 1000 BC)	by Time Period	Early Archaic 8000 BC - 6000 BC	Plano cultures
			Paleo-Arctic Tradition	8000 BC - 5000 BC
			Maritime Archaic
			Red Paint People
		Middle Archaic 6000 BC - 3000 BC	Chihuahua tradition	c. 6000 BC - c. 250 AD
		Late Archaic 3000 BC - 1000 BC	Arctic Small Tool tradition	2500 BC - 800 BC
			Aleutian tradition	2500 BC - 1800 BC
	by location	Great Basin	Desert Archaic
			Middle Archaic
			Late Archaic
		Great Lakes	Old Copper Complex	c. 4000 BC - c. 1000 BC
		Mesoamerica	Mexican Archaic
		Southwest: Southwestern Archaic Traditions	San Dieguito-Pinto tradition	c. 6500 BC - c. 200 AD
			Chihuahua (Southeastern) Tradition	c. 6000 BC - c. 250 AD
			Oshara (Northern) Tradition	c. 5500 BC - c. 600 AD
			Cochise Tradition	5000 BC - 200 BC
		California	Millingstone Horizon (or Encinitas Tradition)	c. 5500 BC - 1500 BC
			Intermediate Horizon (or Campbell Tradition)	c. 1500 BC - 1000 AD
Post-archaic period, (Post-archaic stage) (1000 BC - Present)	in North	Norton tradition	Choris Stage	c. 1000 BC - 500 BC
			Norton	500 BC - 800 AD
			Ipiutak Stage	1 AD - 800 AD
		Dorset culture		500 BC - 1500 AD
		Thule people		1000 AD - 1600 AD
	in Southwest and by Pecos Classification	Early Basketmaker II Era		1200 BC - 50 AD
		Late Basketmaker II Era		50 AD - 500 AD
		Basketmaker III Era		500 AD - 750 AD
		Pueblo I Era		750 AD - 900 AD
		Pueblo II Era		900 AD - 1150 AD
		Pueblo III Era		1150 AD - 1350 AD
		Pueblo IV Era		1350 AD - 1600 AD
		Pueblo V Era		1600 AD - Present
	in Southwest and by peoples	Ancient Pueblo Peoples (Anasazi)		1 AD - 1300 AD
		Hohokam		200 AD - 1450 AD
		Fremont		400 AD - 1350 AD
		Patayan		700 AD - 1550 AD
		Mogollon		700 AD - 1400 AD
	in East and by peoples	Early Woodland Period 1000 BC - 1 AD	Adena culture	1000 BC - 100 BC
			Deptford culture	800 BC - 200 AD
		Middle Woodland Period 1 - 500	Hopewell culture	200 BC - 400 AD
			Havana Hopewell culture (a Hopewellian culture)	200 BC to 400 AD
			Kansas City Hopewell (a Hopewellian culture)	100 BC – 700 AD
			Swift Creek culture (a Hopewellian culture)	100 - 500
			Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture (a Hopewellian culture)	100 - 300
			Marksville culture (a Hopewellian culture)	1 - 400 AD
			Fourche Maline culture	300 BC to 800 AD
			Copena culture (a Hopewellian culture)	1 - 500 AD
		Late Woodland Period 500 - 1000	Baytown culture	300 - 700 AD
			Coles Creek culture	700 - 1100 AD
			Plum Bayou culture	400 - 900 AD
		Mississippian culture 900 - 1500 (ending with European contact)	Early Mississippian culture	1000 - 1200 AD
			Middle Mississippian culture	1200 - 1400 AD
			Late Mississippian culture	1400 - 1500 AD (or European contact)
		Fort Ancient (a non-Mississippian culture)		1000 - 1550 AD
	in Florida and adjacent parts of Alabama and Georgia, by culture	Weeden Island culture 100 - 1000 AD	Cades Pond culture	100 - 700 AD
			Kolomaki culture	350 - 750
			McKeithen Weeden Island culture	200 - 700
			Weeden Island I	200 - 750
			Weeden Island II	750 - 1000
		Wakulla culture		750 - 1000
		Fort Walton culture a Mississippian culture		1000 - European contact
		Pensacola culture		1250 - European contact
		Suwannee Valley culture		750 - European contact
		Alachua culture		700 - European contact
		Manasota culture		550 BC - 800 AD
		Safety Harbor culture		800 - European contact
		Caloosahatchee culture		500 BC - European contact
		St. Johns culture		550 BC - European contact
		Belle Glade culture		1050 BC - European contact
		Glades culture		550 BC - European contact

Culture, phase, and chronological table for the Mississippi Valley

Lower Mississippi Periods	Lower Yazoo Phases	Lower Yazoo Dates	Tensas/Natchez Phases	Cahokia Phases	Cahokia Dates	Ohio/Miss. River Confluence Phases	Ohio/Miss.Dates
Historic	Russell	1650 - 1750 AD	Tensas/Natchez	Vacant Quarter	1350 AD - European Contact	Jackson Phase	1500-1650 AD
Plaquemine/Mississippian culture Late Plaquemine/Mississippian Middle Plaquemine/Mississippian Early Plaquemine/Mississippian	Wasp Lake	1400-1650 AD	Translyvania/Emerald	Vacant Quarter	1350 AD - European Contact	Jackson Phase	1500-1650 AD
	Lake George	1300-1400 AD	Fitzhugh/Foster	Sand Prairie	1275-1350 AD	Medley Phase	1300-1500 AD
	Winterville	1200-1300 AD	Routh/Anna	Moorehead	1200-1275 AD	Dorena Phase	1100-1300 AD
Transitional Coles Creek	Crippen Point	1050-1200 AD	Preston/Gordon	Lohmann Sterling	1050-1200 AD	Dorena Phase	1100-1300 AD
Coles Creek culture Late Coles Creek Middle Coles Creek Early Coles Creek	Kings Crossing	950-1050 AD	Balmoral	Terminal Late Woodland	900 - 1050 AD	James Bayou Phase	900-1100 AD
	Aden	800-950 AD	Ballina	Terminal Late Woodland	900 - 1050 AD	James Bayou Phase	900-1100 AD
	Bayland	600-800 AD	Sundown	Late Woodland	400 - 900 AD	Cane Hills Phase Berkley Phase	600 - 900 AD 400 - 600 AD
Baytown culture Baytown 2 Baytown 1	Deasonville	500-600 AD	Marsden
Baytown culture Baytown 2 Baytown 1	Little Sunflower	400-500 AD	Indian Bayou
Marksville culture Late Marksville Early Marksville	Issaquena	200-400 AD	Issaquena	Middle Woodland	200 BC - 400 AD	La Plant Burkett	100 BC-400 AD 550-100 BC
Marksville culture Late Marksville Early Marksville	Anderson Landing	0-200 AD	Point Lake/ Grand Gulf
Tchefuncte culture	Tuscola	400 BC-0 AD	Panther Lake
Jaketown	Poverty Point	700- 400 BC	Frasier	Early Woodland	700-200 BC	O'Bryan Ridge	700-550 BC
-	Poverty Point	1000-700 BC	-	Late Archaic	1000 - 200 BC	O'Bryan Ridge	700-550 BC

Notes

Lower Mississippi, Lower Yazoo, and Tensas/Natchez table taken from "Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture:Preliminary Investigations of the Toltec Mounds Research Project", by Martha Ann Rolingson, 1982, Pg-66.^[3]
Cahokia phases and dates taken from "Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians", by Pauketat, Timothy R., 2004, Pp-6.^[4].
Ohio and Mississippi River Confluence Phases and dates taken from "Kentucky Archaeology", edited by R. Barry Lewis, 1996, Pg - 16.^[5]

References

^ Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips (1957). Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-89888-9.
^ Gibbon, Guy E; Ames, Kenneth M (1998). Archaeology of prehistoric native America: an encyclopedia. pp. 638–639. ISBN 081530725X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |[publisher= ignored (help)
^ Rolingson, Martha Ann (1982). Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture:Preliminary Investigations of the Toltec Mounds Research Project. Arkansas Archaeological Survey. pp. P. 66. ISBN 1-56349-042-0. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
^ Pauketat, Timothy R. (2004). Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians. Cambridge University Press. pp. Pp-6. ISBN 0521520665. {{cite book}}: Check |first= value (help)
^ Lewis, R. Barry (1996). Kentucky Archaeology. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1907-3.

Bibliography

Milanich, Jerald T. (1995). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville, Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1360-2.
Milanich, Jerald T. (1990). "State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. Florida Historical Contexts" (PDF). Florida Historical Contexts. Retrieved 2006-03-28.
Milanich, Jerald T. & Claudine Payne (ed.) (September 27, 1993). "State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. Historic Contexts (in full)" (DOC). Florida Historical Contexts. Retrieved 2006-03-27. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
Milanich, Jerald T. (1998) Florida's Indians from Ancient Times to the Present. University Press of Florida. ISBN 1-8130-1599-5
Milanich, Jerald T. (1994) Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. University Press of Florida. ISBN 1-8130-1273-2
"National Park Service Southeast Archaeological Center - The Woodland Period (ca. 2000 B.C.- A.D. 1000)". Outline of Prehistory and History. Retrieved 2006-04-03.
Philip Phillips (1970). Archaeological Survey In The Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949-1955(Part One). Published by the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 77-80028.

v t e Pre-Columbian North America
Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
Related Genetic history Pre-Columbian era

v t e Hopewellian peoples
Woodland period List of Hopewell sites Mound Builders List of archaeological periods (North America)
Ohio Hopewell	Beam Farm Benham Mound Cary Village Site Cedar-Bank Works Dunns Pond Mound Ellis Mounds Ety Enclosure Ety Habitation Site Everett Knoll Complex Fort Ancient Fortified Hill Works Great Hopewell Road High Banks Works Hopeton Earthworks Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Indian Mound Cemetery Keiter Mound Marietta Earthworks Moorehead Circle Mound of Pipes Nettle Lake Mound Group Newark Earthworks Oak Mounds Orators Perin Village Site Pollock Works Portsmouth Earthworks Rocky Fork Enclosures Rocky Fork Mounds Seip Earthworks and Dill Mounds District Shawnee Lookout Shriver Circle Earthworks Stubbs Earthworks Tremper Mound and Works Williamson Mound Archeological District
Crab Orchard culture	Carrier Mills Archaeological District Cleiman Mound Hubele site Mann site Mount Vernon Site O'byams Fort site Wilson site Yankeetown site
Goodall focus	Goodall site Norton Mound group
Havana Hopewell culture	Albany Mounds State Historic Site Dickson Mounds Duncan Farm Golden Eagle-Toppmeyer Site Kamp Mound Site Mound House site Naples Archeological District Naples Mound 8 Ogden-Fettie Site Rockwell Mound Sinnissippi Mounds Toolesboro Mound Group
Kansas City Hopewell	Cloverdale archaeological site Renner Village Archeological Site Trowbridge Archeological Site
Marksville culture	Crooks Mound Grand Gulf Mound Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site Mott Archaeological Preserve
Miller culture	Bynum Mound and Village Site Ingomar Mound Miller Site Pharr Mounds Pinson Mounds
Point Peninsula complex	Lewiston Mound Serpent Mounds Park LeVescounte Mounds
Swift Creek culture Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture	Crystal River Archaeological State Park Etowah Indian Mounds Leake Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Miner's Creek site Pierce Site Swift Creek mound site Third Gulf Breeze Yearwood site Yent Mound
Other Hopewellian peoples	Armstrong culture Copena culture Fourche Maline culture Laurel complex Saugeen complex Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)
Exotic trade items	Copper Galena Mica Fresh water pearls Obsidian Pipestone Sea shells
Related topics Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley Black drink burial mound Ceremonial pipe Effigy mound Hopewell pottery Horned Serpent Eastern Agricultural Complex Underwater panther

v t e Late Woodland cultures
Mound Builders List of archaeological periods (North America)
Sites	Baum Site Beattie Park Mound Group Book site Bowen Site (12 MA 61) Brinsfield I Site Brokaw Site Clampitt Site (12-LR-329) Fisher site Hoye Site Little Maquoketa River Mounds State Preserve Man Mound Memorial Park Site Nottingham Site Ormond Mound St. Croix River Access Site Sommerheim Park University of Tennessee Agriculture Farm Mound
Cultures	Alachua culture Avonlea culture Clemson Island culture Manahoac Monongahela culture Oliver phase Princess Point complex Springwells phase Suwannee Valley culture Weeden Island culture
Related topics Steuben point Belle Glade culture Extreme weather events of 535–536 Fort Ancient culture Mississippian culture Oneota St. Johns culture

v t e Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Kwakwaka'wakw	Kwagu'ł Mamalilikala 'Namgis Ławit'sis A'wa'et'ala Da'naxda'xw Ma'amtagila Dzawada'enux Kwikwasut'inux Gwawa'enux 'Nak'waxda'xw Gwa'sala Gusgimukw Gwat'sinux T'lat'lasikwala Laich-kwil-tach Wiwekam
Coast Salish	K'omoks Klahoose Sliammon Homolco Snuneymuxw Shishalh Squamish Tsleil-Waututh Musqueam Sto:lo Tsawwassen Snuneymuxw Kw’amutsun Lekwungen (Songhees) WSANEC Noxws'a7aq Lhaq'temish Klallam Sʔabš Sqaĵət Suiʔaẋbixw Sduhubš Skokomish (Twana) Dkhw'Duw'Absh Xacuabš Sduqwalbixw Sacakałəbš Suqwabš Sqwaliʔabš Bəpubšł Spuyaləqəlpubšut Sʔəhiwʔabš Squaxin Cowlitz Quinault
Nuu-chah-nulth	Ahousaht Ditidaht Ehattesaht Hesquiaht Hupacasath Huu-ay-aht Ka;’yu;k’t’h’/Che;k’tles7et’h’ Mowachaht/Muchalaht Nuchatlaht Pacheedaht Tla-o-qui-aht Toquaht Tseshaht Uchucklesaht Yuu-tluth-aht Makah
Other nations	Tlingit Nisga'a Gitxsan Haida Tsimshian Haisla Heiltsuk Wuikinuxv Nuxálk Cathlamet Chinook Quileute Chimakum Clatsop Multnomah Klickitat Tillamook
History	History of land claims in British Columbia British Columbia Treaty Process Gustafsen Lake Standoff Residential Schools Potlatch Ban Indian Act Puget Sound Indian War Battle of Seattle (1856)
Culture	Potlatch Totem pole Northwest Coast art
Politics	Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs Assembly of First Nations First Nations Summit Allied Tribes of British Columbia North American Native Brotherhood Native Brotherhood of British Columbia
Language groups	Wakashan languages Coast Salish languages Tsimshianic languages Chimakuan languages Haida language