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{{main|S-IB}}
{{main|S-IB}}
[[Image:Saturn IB 1st stage.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Diagram of the S-IB first stage of the Saturn IB rocket]]
[[Image:Saturn IB 1st stage.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Diagram of the S-IB first stage of the Saturn IB rocket]]
The S-IB stage is an eight engine booster for Earth orbital missions. It is composed of nine propellant tanks, eight fins, a thrust structure assembly, eight [[H-1 (rocket engine)|H-1]] [[rocket engine]]s, and many other components. The propellant containers consist of eight [[PGM-11 Redstone|Redstone]] tanks (Four holding [[LOX]] and four holding [[RP-1]].) clustered around a [[PGM-19 Jupiter|Jupiter rocket]] tank, which contains [[LOX]]. The four outboard engines were mounted on [[Gimbal|gimbals]], allowing them to be steered to control the rocket.
The S-IB stage is an eight engine booster for Earth orbital missions. (It was irreverently nicknamed, "Cluster's Last Stand.") It is composed of nine propellant tanks, eight fins, a thrust structure assembly, eight [[H-1 (rocket engine)|H-1]] [[rocket engine]]s, and many other components. The propellant containers consist of eight [[PGM-11 Redstone|Redstone]] tanks (Four holding [[LOX]] and four holding [[RP-1]].) clustered around a [[PGM-19 Jupiter|Jupiter rocket]] tank, which contains [[LOX]]. The four outboard engines were mounted on [[Gimbal|gimbals]], allowing them to be steered to control the rocket.


*Height: 83.6 ft (25.5 m)
*Height: 83.6 ft (25.5 m)

Revision as of 12:39, 11 October 2010

Saturn IB
The Saturn IB rocket for the AS-202 mission
FunctionManned LEO launch vehicle
ManufacturerChrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB)
Country of originUnited States
Size
Height68 m (224 ft)
Diameter6.6 m (21.7 ft)
Mass581,844 kg (1,282,850 lb)
Stages2
Capacity
Payload to LEO20,800 kg (46,000 lb)
Launch history
StatusRetired
Launch sitesLC-37 & LC-34, Cape Canaveral
LC-39B, Kennedy Space Center
Total launches9
Success(es)9
Failure(s)0
First flightFebruary 26, 1966
Last flightJuly 15, 1975
Type of passengers/cargoManned Apollo CSM
First stage - S-IB
Engines8 * H-1
Thrust7,100,000 N (1,600,000 lbf)
Burn time~150 seconds
PropellantRP-1/LOX
Second stage S-IVB
Engines1 Rocketdyne J-2
Thrust1,000,000 N (225,000 lbf)
Burn time~475 seconds
PropellantLH2/LOX
[edit on Wikidata]

The Saturn IB (alternatively known as the Uprated Saturn I) was an uprated version of the Saturn I rocket, which replaced its S-IV second stage with the much more powerful S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch either the Apollo Command/Service Module (partially fueled), or the Lunar Module into Earth orbit. This made it invaluable for testing the Apollo spacecraft while the larger Saturn V needed to send it to the Moon was still being developed.

Specifications

Parameter S-IB - 1st Stage S-IVB - 2nd Stage Instrument Unit Spacecraft-to-LM Adapter
Height (m) 25.5 17.8 0.9 8.5
Diameter (m) 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 tapers to 3.9
Gross mass (kg) 458,107 119,920 1,980 1,837
Empty mass (kg) 45,267 13,311 N/A N/A
Engines Eight - H-1 One - J-2 N/A N/A
Thrust (kN) 7,582 1,020 N/A N/A
Isp (s) 288 421 N/A N/A
Isp (kN·s/kg) 2.82 4.13 N/A N/A
Burn duration (s) 150 470 N/A N/A
Propellant LOX/RP-1 LOX/LH2 N/A N/A

S-IB stage

Main article: S-IB
Diagram of the S-IB first stage of the Saturn IB rocket

The S-IB stage is an eight engine booster for Earth orbital missions. (It was irreverently nicknamed, "Cluster's Last Stand.") It is composed of nine propellant tanks, eight fins, a thrust structure assembly, eight H-1 rocket engines, and many other components. The propellant containers consist of eight Redstone tanks (Four holding LOX and four holding RP-1.) clustered around a Jupiter rocket tank, which contains LOX. The four outboard engines were mounted on gimbals, allowing them to be steered to control the rocket.

  • Height: 83.6 ft (25.5 m)
  • Diameter: 21.7 ft (6.6 m)
  • Number of fins: 8
  • Finspan: 18 ft (5.5 m)
  • Engines: 8 H-1
  • Thrust: 1,600,000 lbf (7.1 MN)
  • Fuel: RP-1 (Refined kerosene) 41,000 US gal (155 m³)
  • Oxidizer: Liquid oxygen (LOX) 66,000 US gal (250 m³)
  • Burn time: 2.5 min
  • Burnout altitude: 42 miles (68 km)

S-IVB stage

Main article: S-IVB (rocket stage)
Diagram of the S-IVB second stage of the Saturn IB

The S-IVB-200 stage is similar to the S-IVB-500 third stage used on the Saturn V, with the exception of the interstage adapter, smaller auxiliary propulsion control modules, and lack of on-orbit engine restart capability. It is powered by a single J-2 engine. The propellant and oxidizer tanks shared a common bulkhead, which saved about ten tons of weight and reduced vehicle length over ten feet.


  • Height: 58.4 ft (17.8 m)
  • Diameter: 21.7 ft (6.6 m)
  • Number of fins: 0
  • Engines: 1 J-2
  • Thrust: 225,000 lbf (1.0 MN)
  • Fuel: Liquid hydrogen (LH2) 64,000 US gal (242 m³)
  • Oxidizer: Liquid oxygen (LOX) 20,000 US gal (76 m³)
  • Burn time: approx. 7 min
  • Burnout altitude (for Saturn IB): orbit

Launch sequence events

Launch Event Time (s) Altitude (km) Range (km)
Ignition Command -3.02 . .
First Motion -0.19 . .
Liftoff 0.00 . .
Initiate Pitch Maneuver 10.0 . .
Initiate Roll Maneuver 10.0 . .
End Roll Maneuver 38.0 . .
Mach One 62.18 7.63 .
Max Q 75.5 12.16 .
Freeze Tilt 134.40 . .
Inboard Engine Cutoff 140.65 . .
Outboard Engine Cutoff 144.32 . .
Ullage Rockets Ignition 145.37 . .
S-IB / S-IVB Separation 145.59 . .
S-IVB Ignition 146.97 . .
Ullage Rocket Burnout 148.33 . .
Ullage Rocket Jettison 156.58 . .
Jettison LES 163.28 . .
Start Pitch Over 613.95 . .
S-IVB Cutoff 616.76 . .
Orbit Insertion 626.76 . .
Start S/C Sep Sequence 663.11 . .
Spacecraft Separation 728.31 . .

Saturn IB vehicles and launches

The original Saturn IBs for Apollo were launched from LC-34 and LC-37, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

The Saturn IB was later used for manned Skylab flights, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. This final production run did not have the alternating black and white tanks on the first stage that were hallmarks of the earlier runs. These launches were made from LC-39B, Kennedy Space Center, using a "milkstool" apparatus to hold the rocket up at a height to reach the Mobile Launcher Platform's crew access arm.

All Saturn IB launches from AS-201 through ASTP
Saturn IB on its "milkstool" on its way to pad 39B
Serial Number Mission Spacecraft Mass (kg) Launch Date Notes
SA-201 AS-201 20,820 February 26, 1966 Unmanned suborbital test of Block I Command/Service Module (CSM)
SA-203 AS-203 None July 5, 1966 Unmanned test of unburned LH2 behavior in orbit to support S-IVB-500 restart design
SA-202 AS-202 25,810 August 25, 1966 Unmanned suborbital test of Block I CSM
SA-204 Apollo 1 20,412 Was to be first manned orbital test of Block I CSM. Cabin fire killed astronauts and damaged CM during dress rehearsal for planned February 21, 1967 launch
SA-204 Apollo 5 14,360 January 22, 1968 Unmanned orbital test of Lunar Module, used Apollo 1 launch vehicle
SA-205 Apollo 7 16,520 October 11, 1968 Manned orbital test of Block II CSM
SA-206 Skylab 2 19,979 May 25, 1973 Block II CSM ferried first crew to Skylab orbital workshop
SA-207 Skylab 3 20,121 July 28, 1973 Block II CSM ferried second crew to Skylab orbital workshop
SA-208 AS-208 Standby Skylab 3 rescue CSM-119; not needed
SA-208 Skylab 4 20,847 November 16, 1973 Block II CSM ferried third crew to Skylab orbital workshop
SA-209 AS-209 Standby Skylab 4 and later Apollo-Soyuz rescue CSM-119; not needed. Currently on display in the KSC rocket garden
SA-209 Skylab 5 Planned CSM mission to lift Skylab workshop's orbit to endure until Space Shuttle ready to fly; cancelled.
SA-210 ASTP 16,780 July 15, 1975 Apollo CSM with special docking adapter module, rendezvoused with Soyuz 19. Last Saturn IB flight.
SA-211 Unused
SA-212 Unused. First stage scrapped.[1] S-IVB stage converted to Skylab space station.
SA-213 Only first stage built. Unused and scrapped.[1]
SA-214 Only first stage built. Unused and scrapped.[1]

For earlier launches of vehicles in the Saturn I series, see the list in the Saturn I article.

Saturn 1B rockets on display

SA-209 on display at KSC

Currently there are three locations where Saturn 1B vehicles (or parts thereof) are on display:

  • SA-209 is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, with the Apollo Facilities Verification Vehicle. Due to severe corrosion, the first stage engines and Service Module were replaced with fabricated duplicates in 1993-1994.
  • The SA-211 first stage is on display with the S-IVB-S "Battleship" static test stage stacked in a launch ready condition at the Alabama Welcome Center on I-65 in Ardmore, AL.
  • The SA-211 S-IVB stage was converted to a Skylab mockup and is on display at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Saturn 1B History". Retrieved 2009-11-01.

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