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==Professional wrestling career==
==Professional wrestling career==
===Early career===
===Early career===
At 18 years of age, Roussimoff moved to [[Paris]] and was taught the art of [[professional wrestling]] by a local promoter who knew there would be good money in André's future. Roussimoff trained at night and worked as a mover during the day in order to pay living expenses.<ref name=AEbio/> Roussimoff was billed as "Géant Ferré", taken from the name of a mythical French giant, and began his career wrestling in [[Paris]] and surrounding areas. [[Montreal]]-native promoter and wrestler, Frank Valois, met Roussimoff in 1966 and became his business manager and close adviser. For the next few years, Roussimoff began making a name for himself wrestling in [[England]], [[Germany]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Africa]].<ref name=LegendaryNames4>{{cite book|title=André the Giant: A Legendary Life|last=Krugman|first=Michael|page=4|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4165-4112-7}}</ref><ref name=LegendaryNames7>{{cite book|title=André the Giant: A Legendary Life|last=Krugman|first=Michael|page=7|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4165-4112-7}}</ref><ref name=AEbio/>
At 18 years of age, Roussimoff moved to [[Paris]] and was taught the art of [[professional wrestling]] by a local promoter who knew there would be good money in André's future. Roussimoff trained at night and worked as a mover during the day in order to pay living expenses.<ref name=AEbio/> Roussimoff was billed as "Géant Ferré", taken from the name of a mythical French giant, and began his career wrestling in [[Paris]] and surrounding areas. [[Montreal]]-native promoter and wrestler Frank Valois met Roussimoff in 1966 and became his business manager and close adviser. For the next few years, Roussimoff began making a name for himself wrestling in [[England]], [[Germany]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Africa]].<ref name=LegendaryNames4>{{cite book|title=André the Giant: A Legendary Life|last=Krugman|first=Michael|page=4|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4165-4112-7}}</ref><ref name=LegendaryNames7>{{cite book|title=André the Giant: A Legendary Life|last=Krugman|first=Michael|page=7|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4165-4112-7}}</ref><ref name=AEbio/>


Roussimoff made his [[Japan]] debut in 1970, billed as "Monster Roussimoff", wrestling for [[International Pro Wrestling|International Wrestling Enterprise]]. Wrestling there as both a singles and tag team competitor, he quickly won the company's tag team championship alongside Michael Nador.<ref name=LegendaryNames7/><ref name=IWAtagchamp>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/iwe/iwe-t.html|title=IWA World Tag Team Title|publisher=Wrestling Titles|accessdate=2011-02-23}}</ref> It was during Roussimoff's time in Japan when doctors first informed him that he suffered from [[acromegaly]].<ref name=LegendaryNames7/><ref name=AEbio/>
Roussimoff made his [[Japan]] debut in 1970, billed as "Monster Roussimoff", wrestling for [[International Pro Wrestling|International Wrestling Enterprise]]. Wrestling there as both a singles and tag team competitor, he quickly won the company's tag team championship alongside Michael Nador.<ref name=LegendaryNames7/><ref name=IWAtagchamp>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/iwe/iwe-t.html|title=IWA World Tag Team Title|publisher=Wrestling Titles|accessdate=2011-02-23}}</ref> It was during Roussimoff's time in Japan when doctors first informed him that he suffered from [[acromegaly]].<ref name=LegendaryNames7/><ref name=AEbio/>

Revision as of 00:31, 10 June 2011

André the Giant
Born(1946-05-19)May 19, 1946[1][2]
Grenoble, France[3]
DiedJanuary 27, 1993(1993-01-27) (aged 46)[3]
Paris, France[3]
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)André Roussimoff
André the Giant[3]
Géant Ferré[4]
Giant Machine[1]
Jean Ferré[4]
Monster Eiffel Tower[5]
Monster Roussimoff[5]
Billed height7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)[3]
Billed weight475 lb (215 kg) - 540 lb (240 kg)[6]
Billed fromGrenoble in the French Alps
Trained byFrank Valois[1]
Édouard Carpentier[1][6]
Debut1963
Retired1992

André René Roussimoff (Bulgarian: Андрей Рене Русимов; Polish: Andrzej Renat Russimow) (19 May 1946 – 27 January 1993),[1][2] best known as André the Giant, was a French professional wrestler and actor. He is well known as Fezzik in the classic movie The Princess Bride.[3] His great size was a result of acromegaly, and led to him being dubbed "The Eighth Wonder of the World".[6][7]

In the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Roussimoff is a one-time WWF Champion[8] and a one-time WWF World Tag Team Champion.[9] In 1993, he was the first inductee into the WWF Hall of Fame.[6][10]

Early life

André René Roussimoff was born in France, of Bulgarian and Polish descent. He was the third of five children. As a child, he was referred to by his parents as Dédé and very early on displayed symptoms of his acromegaly, reaching a height of 6'3" and weight of 240 pounds (110 kg) by age 12. Unable to fit on the school bus he was driven to school by playwright Samuel Beckett who was an acquaintance of his father.[11] Roussimoff was a good student but left school after 8th grade because he did not feel having a high school education was necessary to live and work on a farm that was not his own. As an adolescent, he worked on the farm, completed an apprenticeship in woodworking, then worked in a factory that manufactured engines for hay balers, but none of these jobs brought him any satisfaction.[12]

Professional wrestling career

Early career

At 18 years of age, Roussimoff moved to Paris and was taught the art of professional wrestling by a local promoter who knew there would be good money in André's future. Roussimoff trained at night and worked as a mover during the day in order to pay living expenses.[12] Roussimoff was billed as "Géant Ferré", taken from the name of a mythical French giant, and began his career wrestling in Paris and surrounding areas. Montreal-native promoter and wrestler Frank Valois met Roussimoff in 1966 and became his business manager and close adviser. For the next few years, Roussimoff began making a name for himself wrestling in England, Germany, New Zealand and Africa.[4][5][12]

Roussimoff made his Japan debut in 1970, billed as "Monster Roussimoff", wrestling for International Wrestling Enterprise. Wrestling there as both a singles and tag team competitor, he quickly won the company's tag team championship alongside Michael Nador.[5][13] It was during Roussimoff's time in Japan when doctors first informed him that he suffered from acromegaly.[5][12]

After his stint in Japan, Roussimoff moved to Montreal, Canada. He became an immediate success, regularly selling out the Montreal Forum.[14] However, promoters eventually ran out of plausible opponents to fight him and, as his novelty wore off, gate receipts dwindled.[12] In 1972, Roussimoff wrestled numerous times for Verne Gagne's American Wrestling Association (AWA) as a special attraction until Valois reached out to Vince McMahon, Sr., founder of the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) for help.[15] McMahon suggested a couple of changes to Roussimoff's gimmick. He felt Roussimoff should be portrayed as a large, immovable monster. To enhance his significant size McMahon discouraged Roussimoff from performing maneuvers such as dropkicks, as he had been doing due to his natural athleticism. McMahon also began billing Roussimoff as "André the Giant" and set up a travel-intensive schedule, loaning him to wrestling territories all over the world,[10][16] so he would not wear out his welcome in any one area.[12] To receive André, promoters had to guarantee André a certain amount of money, as well as pay McMahon's WWWF a booking fee.[17]

World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation

Face run (1973–1987)

On March 26, 1973, André made his WWWF debut as a fan favorite, defeating Buddy Wolfe in New York's Madison Square Garden.[3][10][18]

André was one of WWF's most beloved "babyfaces" throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. As such, Gorilla Monsoon insisted that André was never defeated for 15 years by pinfall or submission prior to WrestleMania III. This, however, is not true. André actually had lost cleanly in matches outside of the parameters of WWF; a pinfall loss in Mexico to Canek in 1984 and a submission loss in Japan to Antonio Inoki in June 1986.[19][20] He also went sixty-minute time limit draws with the two other major world champions of the day, Harley Race and Nick Bockwinkel.

In 1982, Vince McMahon, Sr. sold the World Wrestling Federation (which had dropped "Wide" from its name in 1979) to his son, Vince McMahon, Jr.. As McMahon began to expand his newly acquired promotion to the national level, he required his wrestlers to appear exclusively for him. McMahon signed André to these terms in 1984, although he still allowed the Giant to work in Japan for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).[21]

One of André's feuds pitted him against "the Mongolian Giant" Killer Khan. According to the storyline, Khan had snapped André's ankle during a match on May 2, 1981, in Rochester, New York by leaping off the top rope and crashing down upon it with his knee-drop.[22] In reality, André had broken his ankle getting out of bed the morning before the match.[12][23] The injury and subsequent rehabilitation was worked into the existing André/Khan storyline. After a stay at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, André returned with payback on his mind. The two battled on July 20, 1981 at Madison Square Garden in a match that resulted in a double disqualification. Their feud continued through the summer and fall as fans filled arenas up and down the east coast to witness their matches. On November 14, 1981 at the Philadelphia Spectrum, the feud culminated when André decisively defeated Khan in what was billed as a "Mongolian Stretcher Match", in which the loser must be taken to the dressing room on a stretcher.[24]

Another feud involved a man who considered himself to be "the true giant" of wrestling: Big John Studd.[22] Throughout the early to mid-1980s, André and Studd fought all over the world, battling to try and determine who the real giant of wrestling was. In December 1984, Studd took the feud to a new level, when he and partner Ken Patera knocked out André during a televised tag team match and proceeded to cut off André's hair.[22] After gaining revenge on Patera, André met Studd in a "Body Slam Challenge" at the first WrestleMania, held March 31, 1985 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. André slammed Studd to win the match and collect the $15,000 prize, then proceeded to throw cash to the fans before having the bag stolen from him by Studd's manager, Bobby "The Brain" Heenan.[25]

The following year, at WrestleMania 2 on April 7, 1986, André continued to display his dominance by winning a twenty-man battle royal which featured top NFL stars and wrestlers.[26] André last eliminated Bret Hart to win the contest.[27] Afterward, André continued his feud with Studd and King Kong Bundy. André was suspended after a no-show (in reality, he needed time off to film The Princess Bride); he returned under a mask as "The Giant Machine" part of a team with "Big Machine" (Robert Windham) and "Super Machine" (Bill Eadie) (The Machines gimmick was copied from New Japan Pro Wrestling character "Super Strong Machine", played by Japanese wrestler Junji Hirata).[28] Soon afterward, Giant Machine disappeared, and André was reinstated, to the approval of Bobby Heenan.

Feud with Hulk Hogan; WWF Championship (1987–1988)

André agreed to turn heel in early 1987 to be the counter to the biggest "babyface" in professional wrestling at that time, Hulk Hogan.[29] On an edition of Piper's Pit in January 1987, Hogan was presented a trophy for being the WWF World Heavyweight Champion for three years; André came out to congratulate him.[30] On the following week's Piper's Pit, André was presented a slightly smaller trophy for being "the only undefeated wrestler in wrestling history." Although André had suffered a handful of countout and disqualification losses in WWF, he had never been pinned or forced to submit in a WWF ring. Hogan came out to congratulate André and ended up being the focal point of the interview. A visibly annoyed André walked out in the midst of Hogan's speech.[31][32] A "discussion" between André and Hogan was scheduled, and on a Piper's Pit that aired February 7, 1987, the two met.[33] Hogan was introduced first, followed by André. However, much to the shock of both Hogan and host, Roddy Piper, André was led by longtime rival Bobby Heenan. Speaking on behalf of his new protege, Heenan accused Hogan of using André. Hogan tried to reason with André but his pleads were ignored as he challenged Hogan to a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania III before ripping the t-shirt and crucifix from Hogan.[34]

At WrestleMania III, he was billed at 520 lb (240 kg),[35] and the stress of such immense weight on his bones and joints resulted in constant pain.[12] After recent back surgery, he was also wearing a brace underneath his wrestling singlet. Hogan won the match after body slamming André, followed by Hogan's running leg drop finisher.[35] Years later, Hogan claimed that André was so heavy, he felt more like 700 lb (320 kg), and that he actually tore his latissimus dorsi muscle slamming him. Another famous story about the match is that no one knew if André would lose the match. André had agreed to lose the match some time before, mostly for health reasons, though he almost pinned Hogan (albeit unintentionally) in the early goings of the match. Contrary to popular belief, it was not the first time that Hogan had successfully bodyslammed André in a WWF match. A then-heel Hogan bodyslammed a then-face André early in a match in Hamburg, Pennsylvania on September 13, 1980, though André was much lighter and more athletic at the time.[36] This, of course, took place back in the territorial days of wrestling three years before WWF began its national expansion (André had also previously allowed Harley Race, El Canek, and Stan Hansen to slam him.)[37][38] By the time WrestleMania III had rolled around, the WWF had gone national, giving more meaning to the André-Hogan match that took place then. The feud between André and Hogan simmered during the summer of 1987, even as Roussimoff's health declined. The feud would begin heating up again when each wrestler was named the captain of rival teams at the inaugural Survivor Series event. André's team won the main event after André pinned Bam Bam Bigelow.[39]

In the meantime, "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase failed to persuade Hogan to sell him the WWF World Championship. After failing to defeat Hogan in a subsequent series of matches, DiBiase turned to André to win it for him.[40] Acting as his hired gun, André won the WWF title from Hogan on February 5, 1988 in a match where it was later revealed appointed referee Dave Hebner was "detained backstage", and a replacement who DiBiase paid to get plastic surgery to look like Dave (in reality, his twin brother Earl Hebner), made a three count on Hogan while his shoulders were off the mat. After winning, André "sold" the title to DiBiase; the transaction was declared invalid by then-WWF President Jack Tunney and the title was vacated.[8] This was shown on WWF's NBC program The Main Event. At WrestleMania IV, André and Hulk Hogan fought to a double disqualification in a WWF title tournament match (with the idea in the storyline saying that André was again working on DiBiase's behalf in giving DiBiase a clearer path in the tournament). Afterward, André and Hogan's feud died down after a steel cage match held at WrestleFest on July 31, 1988 in Milwaukee. He and DiBiase also wrestled Hogan and "Macho Man" Randy Savage in the main event of SummerSlam; the DiBiase-André team lost, despite apparently having referee Jesse "the Body" Ventura on their side.[41]

Concurrent with the developing feud with the Mega Powers, André was placed in a feud with "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, which began after Duggan knocked out André with his 2x4 during a television taping. Despite Duggan's popularity with fans, André regularly got the upper hand in the feud.

Various feuds; The Colossal Connection; WrestleMania VI (1988–1990)

André's next major feud was against Jake "The Snake" Roberts. In this storyline, it was said André was deathly afraid of snakes, something Roberts exposed on Saturday Night's Main Event when he threw his snake, Damien, on the frightened André; as a result, André suffered a kayfabe mild heart attack and vowed revenge. During the next few weeks, Roberts frequently walked to ringside during André's matches, causing him to run from the ring in fright (since he knew what was inside the bag). Throughout their feud (which culminated at WrestleMania V), Roberts constantly used Damien to gain a psychological edge over the much larger and stronger André.

In 1989, André and the returning Big John Studd briefly reprised their feud, this time with Studd as a face and André as the heel. During the late summer and fall of 1989, André engaged in a brief feud, almost entirely consisting of house shows (non-televised events), with then-Intercontinental champion The Ultimate Warrior. The younger Warrior, WWF's rising star, regularly squashed the aging André in an attempt to showcase his star quality and promote him as the "next big thing".[42][43]

In the fall of 1989, André was joined with fellow Heenan Family member Haku to form a new tag team called The Colossal Connection, in part to fill a void left by the departure of Tully Blanchard and Arn Anderson (The Brain Busters, who were also members of Heenan's stable) from the WWF, and also to continue to keep the aging André in the main event spotlight. The Colossal Connection immediately targeted WWF Tag Team Champions Demolition (who had recently won the belts from the Brain Busters). At a television taping on December 13, 1989, the Colossal Connection defeated Demolition to win the titles.[9] André and Haku successfully defended their titles, mostly against Demolition, until WrestleMania VI on April 1, 1990, when Demolition took advantage of a mistimed move by the champions to regain the belts.[44] After the match, a furious Heenan blamed André for the title loss and after shouting at him slapped him in the face; an angry André responded with a slap of his own that sent Heenan staggering from the ring.[45] André also caught Haku's kick attempt, sending him reeling from the ring as well, prompting loud cheers for André for the first time in three years. André went into the match as a heel, but left as a face.

Sporadic appearances

André continued to make appearances in the WWF throughout 1990 and 1991. He came to the aid of The Big Bossman in his WrestleMania VII match against Mr. Perfect.[46]

His last major WWF storyline following WrestleMania VII had the major heel managers (Bobby Heenan, Sensational Sherri, Slick, and Mr. Fuji) trying to recruit André one-by-one, only to be turned down in various humiliating ways (i.e. Heenan had his hand crushed, Sherri received a spanking, Slick got locked in the trunk of the car he was offering to André and Mr Fuji got a pie in his face). Finally, Jimmy Hart appeared live on WWF Superstars to announce that he successfully signed André to tag-team with Earthquake. However, when asked to confirm by Gene Okerlund, André denied the claims. This led to Earthquake attacking André from behind (injuring his knee).[47] Jimmy Hart would later get revenge for the humiliation by secretly signing Tugboat and forming The Natural Disasters.[48] This led to André's final major WWF appearance at SummerSlam '91, where he seconded The Bushwhackers in their match against the Disasters.[49]

His last U.S. television appearance was in a brief interview on World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) Clash of the Champions XX special that aired on TBS on September 2, 1992.[50]

All Japan Pro Wrestling (1990–1992)

After WrestleMania VI, André spent the rest of his in-ring career in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). He toured with AJPW three times per year, from September 1990 to 1992, usually teaming with Giant Baba in tag team matches.[51] He wrestled his final match in December 1992.

Acting career

André branched out into acting in the 1970s and 1980s, making his acting debut playing a Sasquatch ("Bigfoot") on the 1970s television series The Six Million Dollar Man.[52] He went on to appear in other television shows, including The Greatest American Hero, B.J. and the Bear, and The Fall Guy. He also participated in an episode of Zorro.[53]

Towards the end of his career, André also starred in several movies. He had an uncredited appearance in the 1984 film — Conan the Destroyer, as Dagoth,[54][55] the resurrected horned giant god who is killed by Conan (Arnold Schwarzenegger). But he appeared most notably as Fezzik (his favorite role)[3] in the 1987 film The Princess Bride. Both the film and Andre's performance have retained a devoted following.

In his final film, he appeared in something of a cameo role as a circus giant in the comedy Trading Mom, which was not released until the year after his death.[56]

Personal life

Roussimoff had one daughter,[12] Robin Christensen, who was born in 1979.

The disease that granted him his immense size eventually began to take its toll on his body. By the late 1980s, André was in constant, near-crippling pain, and his heart struggled to pump blood throughout his massive body.

According to William Goldman, author of The Princess Bride and its respective screenplay, André was having such terrible back pain during the filming of the movie that in the first shooting of a scene where Robin Wright drops about one foot and is caught by André, he fell to one knee and almost dropped her.

In the A&E documentary, Biography, Arnold Skaaland mentions how André wished he could see a Broadway play. Arnold offered to buy tickets, but André then passed up the opportunity, citing how he was too big for the seats and that people behind him would not be able to see. This was cited as a principal reason for why André frequented taverns more than anywhere else.

André was mentioned in the 1974 Guinness Book of World Records as the highest paid wrestler in history up to that time. He had earned $400,000 in one year alone during the early 1970s.[57]

He has been unofficially crowned "The Greatest Drunk on Earth"[58] for once consuming 119 12-US-fluid-ounce (350 ml) beers in 6 hours.[59] On an episode of WWE's Legends of Wrestling, Mike Graham claimed that André once drank 156 16-US-fluid-ounce (470 ml) beers in one sitting, which was confirmed by Dusty Rhodes. Such feats can be attributed to his much larger than usual size, meaning it would take higher volumes of liquor to inebriate him. In her autobiography, The Fabulous Moolah alleges that André drank 127 beers in a Reading, Pennsylvania hotel bar and later passed out in the lobby. Because the staff could not move him, they had to leave him there until he regained consciousness.[60]

André was arrested by the Linn County, Iowa sheriff in August 1989 and charged with assault after he allegedly roughed up a local television cameraman.[61][62]

Death

André died in his sleep due to congestive heart failure on the night of January 27, 1993, in a Paris hotel room.[3][63] He was in Paris to attend the funeral of his father.[64] André's body was cremated in accordance with his wishes and his ashes scattered at his ranch in Ellerbe, North Carolina.[12][65]

Legacy

  • Paul Wight, better known as "The Big Show", is more similar in body structure to André than any other wrestler since André's death. Wight was originally billed as the son of André during his stint in WCW (when he was known as simply "The Giant") despite no biological relation.[66] While also suffering from acromegaly, unlike André, Wight did get surgery on his pituitary gland in the early 1990s, which successfully halted the progress of his condition. The former wrestler Giant González suffered from problems similar to those that André had near the end of his life and died in September 2010 due to diabetes complications.
  • He is also cited in the Eminem song "Crack a Bottle" in the lyrics "Back with Andre the Giant, mister elephant tusk, picture us and you'll be another one to bite the dust". André is also cited in the movie The 40 Year Old Virgin when the protagonist quotes a woman (actually a transvestite) he met who "had hands like Andre The Giant."
  • The OBEY brand icon originated from a stencil that artist Shepard Fairey had created based upon a photo of Andre the Giant that Fairey had found in a newspaper.[67]
  • André has made appearances as himself in videogames for years, as early as 1989's WWF Superstars, where he appears as a non-playable game boss along Ted DiBiase, fighting as their real-life tag team The Mega Bucks, to as recently as WWE All-Stars, released in March 2011, where he appears as one of many playable "Legend" characters.

In wrestling

Championships and accomplishments

Filmography

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "André the Giant Profile". Online World Of Wrestling. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  2. ^ a b "André the Giant". IMDb. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Official Site of Andre the Giant: Biography". Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  4. ^ a b c Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Andre the Giant: Bio". WWE. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
  7. ^ a b "André the Giant official website". Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  8. ^ a b c "Andre the Giant's first reign". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
  9. ^ a b c "Andre the Giant and Haku's first reign". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
  10. ^ a b c d Solomon, Brian (2006). WWE Legends. Pocket Books. pp. 68–71. ISBN 0-7434-9033-9.
  11. ^ http://historicalmeetups.com/post/1524567373/samuel-beckett-playwright-novelist-and-nobel
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "André the Giant". Biography. 1999-01-13. A&E Network.
  13. ^ a b "IWA World Tag Team Title". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
  14. ^ McCoy, Heath (2007). Pain and Passion. ECW Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-55022-787-1.
  15. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  16. ^ Rhodes, Dusty (2005). Dusty: Reflections of an American Dream. Sports Publishing LLC. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-1-58261-907-1.
  17. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  18. ^ "WWWF @ New York City, NY - Madison Square Garden - March 26, 1973". The History of WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  19. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  20. ^ "Antonio Inoki: Career History". Puroresu Central. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  21. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  22. ^ a b c Shields (2006). Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s. Pocket Books. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-1-4165-3257-6. {{cite book}}: Text "Brian" ignored (help)
  23. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  24. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 48–60. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  25. ^ "WrestleMania I Facts/Stats". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  26. ^ "WrestleMania 2 results". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  27. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  28. ^ "The Machines' Profile". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  29. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  30. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  31. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  32. ^ "WWF @ East Rutherford, NJ - Meadowlands - January 5, 1987". The History of WWE. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
  33. ^ "WWF @ Tampa, FL - SunDome - January 26, 1987". The History of WWE. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  34. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 136–139. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  35. ^ a b "WrestleMania III - Andre the Giant vs. Hulk Hogan - WWE Championship". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
  36. ^ Hulk Hogan: The Ultimate Anthology (DVD). WWE. 2006.
  37. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  38. ^ Race, Harley (2004). King of the Ring: The Harley Race Story. Sports Publishing L.L.C. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-58261-818-0.
  39. ^ "Survivor Series 1987 - Main Event". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
  40. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 172–175. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  41. ^ "SummerSlam 1988 main event match details". WWE. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
  42. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 297–300. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  43. ^ Hart, Bret (2008). Hitman: My Real Life in the Cartoon World of Wrestling. Grand Central Publishing. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-446-53972-2.
  44. ^ "Demolition's third reign". WWE. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
  45. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 321–322. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  46. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 326. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  47. ^ Graham Cawthon. "WWF Show Results 1991". Retrieved March 5, 2011. (Date: May 6, 1991 Shown: June 1, 1991)Included an in-ring interview by Gene Okerlund in which Andre the Giant refused Jimmy Hart's offer to become his manager only to have his knee attacked by Earthquake, using Hart's megaphone
  48. ^ Graham Cawthon. "WWF Show Results 1991". Retrieved March 5, 2011. (Date: May 28, 1991 Shown: June 15, 1991)Earthquake & WWF Tag Team Champions the Nasty Boys (w/ Jimmy Hart) defeated Tugboat & the Bushwhackers at 4:05 when Earthquake pinned Luke with a sit-down splash after Tugboat attacked both of his teammates; after the match, Tugboat embraced with his new friends
  49. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 333. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
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  52. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  53. ^ ""Zorro" Big Brother (TV episode 1991)". IMDb. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
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  55. ^ "Full cast and crew for Conan the Destroyer". IMDb.
  56. ^ "Trading Mom (IMDB)". Archived from the original on 2007-02-13. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
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  58. ^ Krugman, Michael (2009). André the Giant: A Legendary Life. Pocket Books. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4165-4112-7.
  59. ^ Davydov, Dmitri (2008-05-20). "5 Coolest Beer Records". MadConomist. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
  60. ^ Ellison, Lillian (2003). The Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle. ReaganBooks. p. 160. ISBN 9780060012588.
  61. ^ The Smoking Gun.
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  64. ^ Andre the Giant, 46, Professional Wrestler (Obituary) New York Times, 31 January 1993.
  65. ^ WRAL News, Raleigh, NC.
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  67. ^ http://obeyclothing.com/#/history/
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  69. ^ 1989 WWF results
  70. ^ Andre the Giant
  71. ^ Heenan, Bobby (2002). Bobby The Brain. Triumph Books. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-57243-465-3.
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  83. ^ Trading Mom (1994) at IMDb

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