Islam and masturbation: Difference between revisions
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'''Istimna''' (استمناء) is the Arabic term for [[masturbation]]. |
'''Istimna''' (استمناء) is the Arabic term for [[masturbation]]. |
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==Makrooh== |
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Although all [[madhab|legal schools of thought]] consider masturbation to be [[Haraam|haram]], some scholars have allowed it as a last resort for unmarried individuals attempting to avoid succumbing to the greater sin of [[zina]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} |
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==Schools of thought== |
==Schools of thought== |
Revision as of 10:03, 17 June 2012
- This is a sub-article of Sexuality in Islam and masturbation.
Istimna (استمناء) is the Arabic term for masturbation.
Schools of thought
It is forbidden but also considered haraam in the Shi'a denomination of Islam and all of its associated subdivisions.[1] It is considered haram according to the Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali schools of fiqh - the Sunni schools of jurisprudence known as madh'hab.[2] Sexual acts outside of marriage are generally prohibited according to the Qur'an (see below).
Ibn al-Qayyim, a 14th century Sunni Islamic scholar[3]:
Ibn Aqil said : and many of our scholars have ruled that masturbation is makruh (disliked), and never explicitly said he that it was haram.
Next, he cites the opinion of Ibn Aqil on the conditions that make masturbation halaal[3]:
If a man is torn between continued desire or releasing it, and if this man does not have a wife or he has a slave-girl but he does not marry, then if a man is overwhelmed by desire, and he fears that he will suffer because of this (someone like a prisoner, or a traveler, or a pauper), then it is permissible for him to masturbate, and Ahmad (ibn Hanbal) is explicit on this.
And afterwards, Ibn al-Qayyim said[3]:
And the right (correct) for me is that it is illegal, because the Prophet (Peace be upon him) guided one who had a desire, and could not marry, to the fast ...
Haraam
At least one Islamic legal tradition forbids masturbation on the authority of an Ayah of the Quran which indicates that those who seek sexual gratification from other than their legal sexual partners are transgressing set limits. This can be interpreted to refer not only to adultery but to likely masturbation as well however this is not confirmed.
Those of the view that it is Haraam:
- Malik ibn Anas[2]
- Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i[2]
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man[2]
- Ibn Kathir[2]
- Al-Qurtubi[2]
- Shi'a[2]
Some have quoted one (1) narration from Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[2]
Qur'an
The Quran itself is silent on the subject of masturbation, however many scholars have quoted certain ayats that they claim states that masturbation is forbidden. Template:QuoteQuran-range
Ibn Omid Stanakzai, a 14th century Sunni Islamic scholar that Imaam Shaafi'i and those who have agreed with him have concluded that masturbation is Haram from the above verse. He says:[2]
- "Masturbation is excluded from these two types which Allah has made Halaal, viz. wives".
Under the exegis of this verse, Qadi Thanaullah Panipati writes:[2]
- "Imam Baghawi has deduced from this Aayat that masturbation is Haram."
It should be noted however that the translation directly states sexual intercourse and there is no mention about masturbation.
Hadith
Some hadith that are quoted to in support of masturbation being Haram include: A hadith attributed to Abdullaah ibn Mas’ood reports:[citation needed]
It should be noted that this hadis mentions illegal sexual intercourse instead of masturbation however it also should be noted that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) recommended fasting and did not mention masturbation.
Ibn Kathir wrote in volume 5 p. 458:[2] A hadith attributed to Hasan ibn Arfah reports:[citation needed]
- A person who masturbates.
- A person who performs the act of sodomy.
- The person upon whom the act of sodomy is performed.
- A perpetual drunkard.
- The person who hits his parents so much that they appeal for help.
- The person who harms his neighbors so much so that they curse him.
- The person who commits adultery with his neighbor's wife.
It is worth pointing out that Ibn Kathir's works are an interpretative commentary and not a part of the Quran itself.
This is a Daeef(Weak) Hadith[4]
Other quoted material include from Tafsir al-Mazhari vol. 12 p. 94:[2] A hadith attributed to Anas ibn Malik reports:[citation needed]
Quoted from those after the Sahaba
A hadith attributed to Sa'id ibn Jubayr reports:[citation needed]
References