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*[[Dutch language|Dutch]] – Alexander, Alex, Lex, Alexandra (feminine), Sander, Sandra (feminine), Xander
*[[Dutch language|Dutch]] – Alexander, Alex, Lex, Alexandra (feminine), Sander, Sandra (feminine), Xander
*[[Emiliano-Romagnolo language|Emiliano-Romagnolo]] - Lisàndar
*[[Emiliano-Romagnolo language|Emiliano-Romagnolo]] - Lisàndar
*[[English language|English]] – Alexander, [[Alec]], [[Alex (disambiguation)|Alex]], Al, [[Alexis (disambiguation)|Alexis]], [[Alexa (name)|Alexa]] (feminine), Alexandria (feminine), [[Alexandra]] (feminine), Lex, Lexxi, [[Sandra (given name)|Sandra]] (feminine), Lexy, Lexi, Lexie, [[Sandy (name)|Sandy]], [[Sasha (name)|Sasha]] (feminine), Xander, Xandra (feminine), Zandra (feminine), Zander
*[[English language|English]] – Alexander, [[Alec]], [[Alex (disambiguation)|Alex]], Al, [[Alexis (disambiguation)|Alexis]], [[Alexa (name)|Alexa]] (feminine), Alexandria (feminine), [[Alexandra]] (feminine), Eck, Lex, Lexxi, [[Sandra (given name)|Sandra]] (feminine), Lexy, Lexi, Lexie, [[Sandy (name)|Sandy]], [[Sasha (name)|Sasha]] (feminine), Xander, Xandra (feminine), Zandra (feminine), Zander
*[[Esperanto language|Esperanto]] – Aleksandro, Aleksaĉjo, Aleĉjo, Aĉjo, Alekso, Alko, Alek, Alik, Aleksandra (feminine), Aleksino (feminine), Aleksanjo (feminine), Anjo (feminine)
*[[Esperanto language|Esperanto]] – Aleksandro, Aleksaĉjo, Aleĉjo, Aĉjo, Alekso, Alko, Alek, Alik, Aleksandra (feminine), Aleksino (feminine), Aleksanjo (feminine), Anjo (feminine)
*[[Estonian language|Estonian]] – Aleksander, Sander, Sandra (feminine), Sass, Aleks
*[[Estonian language|Estonian]] – Aleksander, Sander, Sandra (feminine), Sass, Aleks

Revision as of 18:45, 21 October 2014

This article is about the male first name. For other uses, see Alexander (disambiguation).
Alexander
Paris, depicted in this c. 1636 painting by Peter Paul Rubens making his famous judgment, was given the surname Alexander as a child when he routed a gang of cattle-thieves.
Pronunciation/ˈæləɡzˈændər/, /ˈæləɡzˈɑːndər/
GenderMasculine, the feminine form being Alexandra.
Origin
Word/nameFrom the Latin Alexander, itself from the Greek [Ἀλέξανδρος] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: grc-gre (help) (Alexandros), from alexein meaning "to ward off, keep off, turn away, defend, protect" and aner meaning "man".
Meaning"Defender, protector of man".
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Alexander (/ˈæləɡzˈændər/, /ˈæləɡzˈɑːndər/) is a common male first name, and less common surname derived from the Greek "Αλέξανδρος" (Aléxandros). The most famous is Alexander the Great, who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Origin

Etymologically, the name is derived from the Greek [Ἀλέξανδρος] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: grc-gre (help) (Aléxandros), meaning "Defender of the people" or "Defending men"[1] and also, "Protector of men", a compound of the verb ἀλέξειν (alexein), "to ward off, to avert, to defend"[2] and ἀνδρός (andros), the genitive of the noun ἀνήρ (anēr) "man".[3] It is an example of the widespread motif of Greek (or Indo-European more generally) names expressing "battle-prowess", in this case the ability to withstand or push back an enemy battle line.[citation needed]

The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym 𐀀𐀩𐀏𐀭𐀅𐀨, a-re-ka-sa-da-ra, (transcribed as Alexandra), written in the Linear B syllabic script.[4][5][6]

The name was one of the titles ("epithets") given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean "one who comes to save warriors". In the Iliad, the character Paris is known also as Alexander.[7] The name's popularity was spread throughout the Greek world by the military conquests of King Alexander III, commonly known as "Alexander the Great". Most later Alexanders in various countries were directly or indirectly named for him.[citation needed]

People known as Alexander

Alexander has been the name of many rulers, including kings of Macedon, of Scotland, emperors of Russia and popes.

Rulers of antiquity

Rulers of the Middle Ages

Modern rulers

Other royals

Several other princes have borne the name Alexander:

Religious leaders

Other people

Other people using the name Alexander include:

Antiquity

Middle Ages

Modern

  • Alex Rodriguez (born 1975), MLB Baseball star, won 3 AL MVP awards also known as A-Rod
  • Alexander (magician) (1880–1954), stage magician specializing in mentalism
  • Olivinha (born 1983), Brazilian basketball player also known as Alexandre

People with the given name Alexander

Internationally famous people with the given name Alexander or variants include:

Variants and diminutives

  • Albanian – Aleksandër, Aleksandra (feminine), Alesandër, Aesandra (feminine), Aleks, Aleksa (feminine), Aleko, Leks, Lekë, Leka, Sandër, Sandra (feminine), Leandër, Leandra (feminine), Leksandër, Lisandër, Lisandra (feminine), Skender, Skënder, Iskender
  • Amharic – እስከንደር (Eskender)
  • Arabic – الاسكندر / اسكندر (Iskandar, Skandar, Skander)
  • Aragonese – Alexandre, Alixandre
  • Armenian – Ալեքսանդր (Aleksandr/Alexandr), Աղեքսանդր (Agheksandr), Ալեքսան (Aleksan/Alexan), Ալեք (Aleq), Ալիկ (Alik)
  • Asturian – Alexandru
  • Azerbaijani – İsgəndər (Isgandar)
  • Bengali – Sikandar Alakshendra, Iskandar, Skandar, Alekzandar
  • Bashkir – Искәндәр (Iskәndәr)
  • Basque – Alesander, Alesandere (feminine), Alexander, Alexandere (feminine)
  • Belarusian – Аляксандp (Aliaksandr, in normative spelling), Аляксандаp (Alaksandar, in Taraškievica spelling), Алeсь (Aleś)
  • Bulgarian – Александър (Aleksandar), Александра (Alexandra feminine), Сандо (Sando), Сашо (Sasho), Aлекс (Aleks)
  • Catalan – Alexandra (feminine), Alexandre, Àlex, Aleix, Sandra (feminine), Xandre
  • Chinese – 亞歷山大/亚历山大 (Yàlìshāndà)
  • Corsican – Lisandru
  • Croatian – Aleksandar, Saša, Aco, Aleksandra (feminine)
  • Czech – Alexandr, Aleš, Saša
  • Danish – Alexander, Alex, Alexandra (feminine)
  • Dutch – Alexander, Alex, Lex, Alexandra (feminine), Sander, Sandra (feminine), Xander
  • Emiliano-Romagnolo - Lisàndar
  • English – Alexander, Alec, Alex, Al, Alexis, Alexa (feminine), Alexandria (feminine), Alexandra (feminine), Eck, Lex, Lexxi, Sandra (feminine), Lexy, Lexi, Lexie, Sandy, Sasha (feminine), Xander, Xandra (feminine), Zandra (feminine), Zander
  • Esperanto – Aleksandro, Aleksaĉjo, Aleĉjo, Aĉjo, Alekso, Alko, Alek, Alik, Aleksandra (feminine), Aleksino (feminine), Aleksanjo (feminine), Anjo (feminine)
  • Estonian – Aleksander, Sander, Sandra (feminine), Sass, Aleks
  • Ethiopian – Eskender, Iskinder
  • Extremaduran – Alejandru
  • Faroese – Aleksandur
  • French – Alexandre, Alexis, Alex
  • Filipino – Alexander, Alejandro, Alejo, Alex, Sandy, Zandro, Alexandra (feminine), Alessandra (feminine)
  • Finnish – Aleksanteri, Santeri, Santtu
  • Galician – Alexandre, Álex
  • Georgian – ალექსანდრე (Aleksandre), სანდრო (Sandro), ალეკო (Aleko), ლექსო (Lekso), ალექსანდრა (Aleksandra, feminine)
  • German – Alexander, Alex, Alexandrine (feminine), Alexandra (female), Sascha, Sandro, Sandra (female)
  • Greek – Αλέξανδρος (Aléxandros), Αλέκος (Alekos), Αλεξάνδρα (Alexandra - female), Αλέκα (Aleka)
  • Gujarati: એલેક્ઝાન્ડર (Ēlēkjhānḍara)
  • Hawaiian - Alika
  • Hebrew – אלכסנדר (Alexander), אלכס (Alex)
  • Hindi – Hindustani – Sikandar Alakshendra अलक्षेन्द्र
  • Hungarian – Sándor, Sanyi, (Sanyika as young child)
  • Indonesian – Iskandar
  • Icelandic – Alexander, Alex, Alexis, Axel, Alexandra (feminine)
  • Interlingua – Alexandro
  • Irish (Gaeilge) – Alasandar, Alastar, Alsander
  • Italian – Alessandro, Ale, Alex, Sandro, Alessio, Aleandro, Alessandra (feminine), Sandra (feminine), Alessia (feminine)
  • Japanese – アレクサンドロス (Arekusandorosu), アレクサンダー (Arekusandā), アレキサンダー (Arekisandā)
  • Javanese – Alexander, Iskandar
  • Kazakh – Eskendir
  • Korean – 알렉산드로스 (Alleksandeuroseu), 알렉산더 (Alleksandeo), 알렉산더 (Allegsandeo)
  • Kurdish – Askander, Eskander, Îskenderê
  • Kyrgyz – Искендер (İskender)
  • Latvian – Aleksandrs, Sandis, Sandris
  • Latin – Alexander, Alexandrus
  • Lithuanian name – Aleksandras, Aleksas, Sandra (feminine)
  • Lombard – Lisander
  • Luxembourgish - Alexander, Alexandra (feminine)
  • Macedonian – Александар (Aleksandar), Алек (Alek), Аце (Ace), Ацо (Aco), Сашо (Sašo), Александра (Aleksandra, feminine), Сандра (Sandra, feminine), Сашка (Saška, feminine)
  • Malay – Iskandar
  • Malayalam – ചാണ്ടി (Chandy)
  • Maltese – Lixandru
  • Mandarin Chinese - Yalishanda or Alishanda
  • Manx – Alastar, Alister
  • Marathi - Alakshendra (अलक्षेन्द्र), Sikandar, अलेक्झांडर (Alēkjhāṇḍara)
  • Mirandese – Alxandre
  • Mongolian: Александр (Alyeksandr)
  • Nepali: सिकन्दर (Sikandara)
  • Norwegian – Aleksander, Alek, Alexander, Alex, Sander, Alexandra (feminine)
  • Occidental – Alexandro
  • Occitan – Alexandre
  • Persian – اسكندر (Eskandar). Middle Persian: Aleksandar
  • Polish name – Aleksander, Alek, Olek, Aleks
  • Portuguese – Alexandre, Xandre, Alexandra (feminine), Alexandro (rare), Alex, Sandro, Sandra (feminine), Alessandro, Alessandra (feminine)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿਕੰਦਰ (Sikadara)
  • Romanian — Alexandru, Alexandra (feminine), Alex, Alexe, Sandu, Sanda (feminine), Sandra (feminine), Alecu, Aleca (feminine), Lisandru, Sașa
  • Russian — Александр (Aleksandr), Александра (Aleksandra, feminine), Алик (Alik, male), Аля (Alia, male and feminine), Саша (Sasha), Шурик (Shurik), Саня (Sanya)
  • Sanskrit language – Alakshendra(अलक्षेन्द्र), Aliksundara, Ilukshendra
  • Scots Gaelic – Alasdair, Alastair, Alistair, Alisdair, Aldair, Ally, Ali, Al
  • Serbian – Александар (Aleksandar), Алекса (Aleksa), Алекс (Aleks), Алек (Alek), Лексо (Lekso), Саша (Saša), Сале (Sale), Ацa (Aca), Ацо (Aco), Александра (Aleksandra, feminine), Сандра (Sandra, feminine), Сашка (Saška, feminine) or Бранко, Бранило (Branko, Branilo) derived from бранити (from Greek: Αλέξανδρος which means to defend)
  • Sicilian – Alissandru
  • Sinhala - Ishkander
  • Old Church Slavonic – Алєѯандръ (Aleksandr, Alexandr)
  • Slovak – Alexander
  • Slovene – Aleksander, Aleks, Sandi, Sašo
  • Spanish – Alejandro, Alexandro, Alejo, Álex, Ale, Jandro, Jano, Cano, Lisandro, Sandro, Alejandra (feminine), Lisandra (feminine), Sandra (feminine)
  • Swedish – Alexander, Alex, Alexandra (feminine)
  • Tamil – Aleksandar, அலெக்சாண்டர் (Alekcāṇṭar)
  • Telugu – Alexandaru, అలెగ్జాండర్ (Alegjāṇḍar)
  • Thai – อเล็กซานเดอร์ (Aleksāndə̄[r] (Aleksandar)), อเล็กซานเด (Xlĕksānde)
  • Turkish – İskender
  • Ukrainian — Олександр (Olexandr, Oleksandr), Олекса (Oleksa, Olexa), Сашко (Sashko), Олесь (Oles')
  • Urdu – Pakistani – الیگزینڈر, سکندر (Sikandar) or اسكندر (Eskandar)
  • Uzbek – Iskandar
  • Venetian – Alessandro
  • Vietnamese – Alêchxăngđrơ, A-Lịch-Sơn
  • Võro – Aleksandri
  • Welsh – Alecsander
  • West Frisian – Aleksander
  • Yiddish – סענדער – Sender, Senderl, אלעקסאנדער (ʼlʻqsʼndʻr)

See also

References

  1. ^ Ἀλέξανδρος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  2. ^ ἀλέξειν in Liddell and Scott.
  3. ^ ἀνήρ in Liddell and Scott.
  4. ^ Tablet MY V 659 (61). "The Linear B word a-re-ka-sa-da-ra". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages. "MY 659 V (61)". DĀMOS Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo. Raymoure, K.A. "a-re-ka-sa-da-ra-qe". Deaditerranean. Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B.
  5. ^ Chadwick, John (1999) [1976]. The Mycenaean World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  6. ^ Mycenaean (Linear B) – English Glossary
  7. ^ Ἀλέξανδρος, Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
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