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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.princeton.edu/main/ Official website of Princeton University]
*[http://www.princeton.edu/main/ Official website of Princeton University]
*[http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/index_eng.asp Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]{{dead link|date=March 2014}}
*[https://web.archive.org/20061008013800/http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/index_eng.asp Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]
*[http://nobelprize.org/ Official website of the Nobel Foundation]
*[http://nobelprize.org/ Official website of the Nobel Foundation]


Revision as of 07:24, 24 February 2016

Thirty-six Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University. The building pictured is Nassau Hall.

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]

In October 2008, 11 then-current faculty and research staff at Princeton University were Nobel laureates.[6] By 2013, the cumulative total of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton was 36. Princeton claims laureates who attended as students or who were employed when they received the Prize or did the research leading to it.[7] Woodrow Wilson, the former president of Princeton, was the first Princeton-affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.[8] Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Princeton laureates: James Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics,[9] Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics,[10] David Gross and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics,[11] and Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims won the 2011 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.[12] Seventeen Princeton laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other category.[7] Twenty-two laureates were members of the Princeton faculty, 12 laureates received their Ph.D. at Princeton, and four laureates, Woodrow Wilson, Eugene O'Neill, Gary Becker, and Michael Spence, were Princeton undergraduates.

Laureates

Year Image Laureate Relation Category Rationale
1919 Woodrow Wilson Class of 1879; member of the faculty and president emeritus of the University Peace 28th President of the United States; founder of the League of Nations.[8]
1927 Arthur Compton
(shared with Charles Thomson Rees Wilson) 		Ph.D., 1916 Physics "for his discovery of the effect named after him"[13]
1936 Eugene O'Neill Class of 1910 Literature "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"[14]
1937 Clinton Davisson
(shared with George Paget Thomson) 		Ph.D., 1911 Physics "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"[15]
1951 Edwin McMillan
(shared with Glenn T. Seaborg) 		Ph.D., 1933 Chemistry "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"[16]
1956 John Bardeen
(shared with William Shockley and Walter Houser Brattain) 		Ph.D., 1936 Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"[17]
1961 Robert Hofstadter
(shared with Rudolf Mössbauer) 		Ph.D., 1938 Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[18]
1963 Eugene Wigner Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics Physics "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[19]
1965 Richard Feynman
(shared with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Julian Schwinger) 		Ph.D., 1942 Physics "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[20]
1977 Philip Warren Anderson
(shared with Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck Van Vleck) 		Joseph Henry Professor of Physics Physics "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"[21]
1978 Arno Allan Penzias
(shared with Pyotr Kapitsa and Robert Woodrow Wilson) 		Visiting lecturer with rank of professor Physics "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"[22]
1979 Arthur Lewis
(shared with Theodore Schultz) 		James Madison Professor of Political Economy Economics "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[23]
1979 Steven Weinberg
(shared with Sheldon Lee Glashow and Abdus Salam) 		Ph.D., 1957 Physics "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[24]
1980 James Cronin
(shared with Val Logsdon Fitch) 		Professor of physics Physics "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"[9]
1980 Val Logsdon Fitch
(shared with James Cronin) 		Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics Physics "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"[9]
1992 Gary Becker Class of 1951 Economics "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour."[25]
1993 Toni Morrison Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Humanities Literature "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[26]
1993 Russell Alan Hulse
(shared with Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.) 		Principal research physicist, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Physics "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"[10]
1993 Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.
(shared with Russell Alan Hulse) 		James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics Physics "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"[10]
1994 John Forbes Nash
(shared with John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten) 		Ph.D., 1950, senior research mathematician Economics "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[27]
1995 Eric F. Wieschaus
(shared with Edward B. Lewis and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard) 		Squibb Professor in Molecular Biology Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[28]
1996 File:Richard Smalley.jpg Richard Smalley
(shared with Robert Curl and Harold Kroto) 		Ph.D., 1974 Chemistry "for their discovery of fullerenes"[29]
1998 Daniel Chee Tsui
(shared with Robert B. Laughlin and Horst Ludwig Störmer) 		Arthur Legrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering Physics "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"[30]
2000 James Heckman
(shared with Daniel McFadden) 		M.A., 1968, Ph.D., 1971 Economics "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples."[31]
2001 Michael Spence
(shared with George Akerlof and Joseph Stiglitz) 		Class of 1966 Economics "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information."[32]
2002 Daniel Kahneman
(shared with Vernon L. Smith) 		Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and professor of public affairs Economics "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty."[33]
2004 David Gross
(shared with H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek) 		Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics Emeritus Physics "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"[11]
2004 Frank Wilczek
(shared with David Gross and H. David Politzer) 		Ph.D., 1975 Physics "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"[11]
2007 Eric Maskin
(shared with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson) 		Visiting lecturer with the rank of professor of economics Economics "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory."[34]
2008 Osamu Shimomura
(shared with Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien) 		Research associate in biology Chemistry "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"[35]
2008 Paul Krugman Professor of economics and international affairs Economics "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity."[36]
2010 Mario Vargas Llosa Visiting professor of Latin American Studies Literature "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"[37]
2011 Thomas Sargent
(shared with Christopher Sims) 		Visiting professor of economics Economics "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[12]
2011 Christopher Sims
(shared with Thomas Sargent) 		Harold B. Helms Professor of Economics Economics "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[12]
2012 Lloyd Shapley
(shared with Alvin E. Roth) 		Ph.D., 1953 Economics "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"[38]
2013 James Rothman
(shared with Randy Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof) 		Squibb Professor in Molecular Biology[39] Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"[40]
2015 Arthur B. McDonald
(shared with Takaaki Kajita) 		Professor of Physics Physics "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"[41]
2015 File:Tomas Lindahl.jpeg Tomas Lindahl
(shared with Paul L. Modrich and Aziz Sancar) 		Postdoctoral researcher Chemistry "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"[42]
2015 Angus Deaton Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of Economics and International Affairs Economics "for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare"[43]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  2. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "The Nobel Prize Amounts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  5. ^ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  6. ^ "Current Nobel Prize winners on Princeton's faculty" (PDF). Princeton University. 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  7. ^ a b "Princeton - Nobel Prize Winners". Princeton University. Retrieved 2013-11-18. This list includes faculty and staff who were engaged by Princeton at the time they did the research that led to the award, who were employed by the University at the time of the award and those who are currently working at the University.
  8. ^ a b "Nobel Peace Prize 1919". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  9. ^ a b c "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  10. ^ a b c "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  11. ^ a b c "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  12. ^ a b c "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  13. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1927". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  14. ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1936". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  15. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  16. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  17. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  18. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  19. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  20. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  21. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  22. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  23. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  24. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  25. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  26. ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  27. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  28. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  29. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  30. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  31. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  32. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  33. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  34. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  35. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  36. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
  37. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  38. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  39. ^ James Rothman profile, Yale School of Medicine. Accessed 2013–11–23.
  40. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  41. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
  42. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  43. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-01-10.

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