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List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize

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Protests against World War I at the 1915 Women's Peace Conference in The Hague

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and industrialist, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901,[1] it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".

The Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member body nominated by the Norwegian Parliament, chooses the laureate in accordance with Alfred Nobel's intention. The Committee invites qualified individuals to submit nominations for the Prize each year.[2] Nomination of oneself is not permitted. There have been years when the prize was not given out despite the annual invitations and selections because of the start of World War I (1914, 1915, 1916, and 1918), World War II (1939–1943), and some specific circumstances (1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, and 1972). Due to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, the Peace Prize was also not awarded in 1948 since, in the Committee's words, "there was no acceptable live contender."[3] During the committee's deliberations there were years when none of the nominees in the year they are listed met the criteria in Nobel's will. Thus, the awarding of the Prize was also postponed twelve times: Elihu Root (1912), Woodrow Wilson (1919), Austen Chamberlain (1925), Charles G. Dawes (1925), Frank B. Kellogg (1929), Norman Angell (1933), Carl von Ossietzky (1935), International Committee of the Red Cross (1944), Albert Schweitzer (1952), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1954), Albert Lutuli (1960), and Linus Pauling (1962).

Of the 918 revealed nominees from 1901 to 1973, only the 1969-nominated American academic Noam Chomsky (born 1928) and the 1972-nominated American political activist Ralph Nader (born 1934) are currently living.

Nominees by their first nomination

[edit]

1901–1909

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Frédéric Passy[a] May 20, 1822
Paris, France
June 12, 1912
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
1901, 1903[4] Shared the 1901 Nobel Peace Prize.[5][6]
Henry Dunant[b] May 8, 1828
Geneva, Switzerland
October 30, 1910
Heiden, Switzerland
1901
Élie Ducommun[c] February 19, 1833
Geneva, Switzerland
December 7, 1906
Bern, Switzerland
1901, 1902, 1903[4] Shared the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize.[7][8]
Charles Albert Gobat[d] May 21, 1843
Tramelan, Switzerland
March 16, 1914
Bern, Switzerland
1901, 1902, 1903[9]
William Randal Cremer[e] March 18, 1828
Fareham, United Kingdom
July 22, 1908
London, United Kingdom
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904[10] Won the 1903 Nobel Peace Prize.[11]
Bertha Sophie von Suttner[f] June 9, 1843
Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
June 21, 1914
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 First woman to win the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize.[12]
Konrad Beyer July 13, 1834
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
March 17, 1906
Stuttgart, German Empire
1901 Nominated the only time by writer Emil Jakob Jonas (pseud. Löwenbalk von Hohenthal, 1824-1912).[13]
Jan Gotlib Bloch[g] June 24, 1836
Radom, Congress Poland
January 7, 1902
Warsaw, Congress Poland
1901 [14]
Edouard Linker[h] ?
Vienna, Austria
?
Vienna, Austria
1901 Nominated the only time by Alexander Vutkovitch.[15]
Arthur Mülberger (Mühlberger)[i] January 30, 1847
Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
November 5, 1907
Stuttgart, German Empire
1901 Nominated the only time by Fr.Haußmann.[16]
Tsar Nikolai II of Russia[j] May 18, 1868
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
July 17, 1918
Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR
1901 Emperor of All Imperial Russia (1894–1917).[17]
Beniamino Pandolfi Guttadauro[k] June 12, 1836
Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
January 29, 1909
Naples, Italy
1901 Nominated the only time by the Italian Inter-Parliamentary Group.[18]
Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote[l] September 13, 1828
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
May 24, 1902
Washington, D.C., United States
1901 Nominated the only time by J.Th.Lund.[19]
Policarpo Petrocchi[m] March 16, 1852
Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
August 25, 1902
Pistoia, Italy
1901 Nominated the only time by Al.C.Fr.R.Br.Chiappelli.[20]
Herbert Spencer April 12, 1820
Derby, United Kingdom
December 8, 1903
Brighton, United Kingdom
1901 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[21]
Louis-Léger Vauthier April 6, 1815
Bergerac, France
October 5, 1901
Taverny, France
1901 Nominated the only time by Chr.Pajot. Died before the only chance to be rewarded.

Another nominee (nominated in 1951) with the same surname have been merged with him at the nomination archive.[22]
Merlin Hector[n] ?
France
?
France
1901, 1902 Nominated by J.Allemane only.[23][24]
Gustave Moynier[o] September 21, 1826
Geneva, Switzerland
August 21, 1910
Geneva, Switzerland
1901, 1902, 1903, 1905 Nominated by R.Kleen only.[25]
Jan Jacob Lodewijk ten Kate June 12, 1850
Middelburg, Netherlands
May 28, 1929
The Hague, Netherlands
1901, 1906 Nominated by Samuel Baart de La Faille (1842-1917) only.[26]
Friedrich Martens[p] August 27, 1845
Pärnu, Russian Empire
June 19, 1909
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 [27]
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy[q] September 9, 1828
Tula, Russian Empire
November 20, 1910
Lev Tolstoy, Russian Empire
1901, 1902, 1909 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[28]
William Thomas Stead[r] July 5, 1849
Embleton, United Kingdom
April 15, 1912
aboard the RMS Titanic
1901, 1902, 1908, 1909, 1912 [29]
Eduard Loewenthal[s] March 12, 1836
Forchtenberg, Kingdom of Württemberg
March 26, 1917
Berlin, German Empire
1901, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1913 [30]
Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood[t] October 24, 1830
Royalton, New York, United States
May 19, 1917
Washington, D.C., United States
1901, 1914 [31]
Adolf Richter[u] February 1, 1839
Wiesbaden, Duchy of Nassau
August 13, 1914
Pforzheim, German Empire
1901, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 [32]
Otto Umfrid[v] May 2, 1857
Nürtingen, Kingdom of Württemberg
May 23, 1923
Winnenden, Germany
1901, 1913, 1914, 1915[33] [34]
Édouard Descamps[w] August 27, 1847
Beloeil, Belgium
January 17, 1933
Brussels, Belgium
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1910, 1915 [35]
Gaetano (Umano) Meale[x] 1858
Avellino, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1927
Bogliasco, Italy
1901, 1908, 1926 [36]
Guglielmo Ferrero[y] July 21, 1871
Portici, Italy
August 3, 1942
Chardonne, Switzerland
1901, 1927 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[37]
Fredrik Bajer[z] April 21, 1837
Næstved, Denmark
January 22, 1922
Copenhagen, Denmark
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 [38]



Shared the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize



[39]
1902
Klas Pontus Arnoldson[aa] October 27, 1844
Gothenburg, Sweden
February 20, 1916
Stockholm, Sweden
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta[ab] September 20, 1833
Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
February 10, 1918
Milan, Italy
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 Shared the 1907 Nobel Peace Prize with Louis Renault.[40]
Cesare Bounfanti[ac] ?
Florence, Italy
?
Florence, Italy
1902 Nominated the only time by G.Pescetti.[41]
Leonid Alekseevich Kamarovsky March 15, 1846
Kazan, Russian Empire
August 12, 1912
Moscow, Russian Empire
1902 Nominated the only time by Al.S.Alexeev.[42]
Johann Martin Schleyer[ad] July 18, 1831
Lauda-Königshofen, Kingdom of Württemberg
August 16, 1912
Konstanz, German Empire
1902 [43]
John Edward Matthew Vincent 1837
Sherborne, Dorset, England, United Kingdom
March 12, 1910
Battersea, London, England, United Kingdom
1902 Nominated the only time by William O'Malley.[44]
Lewis Appleton ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1902 Nominated the only time by members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.[45]
Bartolo Longo February 10, 1841
Latiano, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
October 5, 1926
Torre Annunziata, Italy
1902, 1903[46] [47]
Jules Polo[ae] February 28, 1822
Nantes, France
1906
France
1902, 1903 Nominated by Emm.Halgan only.[48]
Arturo de Marcoartu[af] July 1, 1827
Bilbao, Spain
January 21, 1904
San Sebastián, Spain
1902, 1904 [49]
Urbain Gohier[ag] December 17, 1862
Versailles, France
June 29, 1951
Saint-Satur, France
1902, 1903, 1908 [50]
Sir Gerard Lowther, 1st Baronet[ah] February 16, 1858
Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
April 5, 1916
London, United Kingdom
1902, 1903 Nominated by Bj.M.Bjørnson only.[51]
1903
William Barrington[ai] January 28, 1842
Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
February 23, 1922
London, United Kingdom
1903 Nominated the only time jointly with G.Lowther by Bj.M.Bjørnson.[52]
Moritz Adler[aj] 1831
Habry, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
1907 1903 Nominated the only time by Fr.Kleinwächter.[53]
Stanislaus von Korwin-Dzbanski[ak] ?
Austria
?
Austria
1903 Nominated the only time by the member of the Austrian Reichsrath professor Aram Drbosrynski.[54]
Mathis Lussy April 28, 1828
Stans, Switzerland
January 21, 1910
Montreux, Switzerland
1903 Nominated the only time by the Schweizer politiker Ferdinand Businger (1839–1909).[55]
Emil Strauss January 31, 1866
Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden
August 10, 1960
Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany
1903 [56]
John Theodor Lund[al] October 9, 1842
Bergen, Norway
January 8, 1913
Bergen, Norway
1903, 1904, 1905 [57]
Alfred Henry Love[am] September 7, 1830
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
June 29, 1913
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1903, 1904, 1906 [58]
Hodgson Pratt[an] January 10, 1824
Bath, United Kingdom
February 26, 1907
Le Pecq, France
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 [59]
Priscilla Hannah Peckover[ao] October 27, 1833
Wisbech, United Kingdom
September 8, 1931
Wisbech, United Kingdom
1903, 1905, 1911, 1913 [60]
1904
Louis Renault[ap] May 21, 1843
Autun, France
February 8, 1918
Barbizon, France
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 Shared the 1907 Nobel Peace Prize with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta.[61]
Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant[aq] November 22, 1852
La Flèche, France
May 15, 1924
Paris, France
1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909 Shared the 1909 Nobel Peace Prize with Auguste Beernaert.[62]
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson December 8, 1832
Kvikne, Norway
April 26, 1910
Paris, France
1904[63] Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature.[64]
Walter Bion[ar] April 29, 1830
Affeltrangen, Switzerland
September 3, 1909
Zürich, Switzerland
1904 [65]
Augusto Pierantoni[as] June 24, 1840
Chieti, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
March 12, 1911
Rome, Italy
1904 Nominated the only time by Giovanni Battista Guarini - professor of Law from Rome.[66]
Henry Worthington Statham December 31, 1843
Parramatta, Colony of New South Wales
September 5, 1913
Sydney, Australia
1904 Nominated the only time by Br.Hall.[67]
Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck[at] January 9, 1832
France
March 20, 1910
London, England, United Kingdom
1904,[68] 1905, 1907, 1910 [69]
William Evans Darby[au] 1844
London, United Kingdom
1922
London, United Kingdom
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907,[70] 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914[71] [72]
Joseph Julien Louis Hersant[av] August 13, 1852
Paris, France
June 26, 1919
France
1904, 1935 [73]
Mirza Riza Khan[aw] 1846
Tabriz, Russian Empire
1937
Tabriz, Iran
1904, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937 [74]
1905
Paul de Smet de Naeyer[ax] May 13, 1843
Ghent, Belgium
September 9, 1913
Brussels, Belgium
1905 Nominated the only time by Baron de Aulnis de Bourrouil.[75]
Thomas Barclay[ay] February 20, 1853
Dunfermline, United Kingdom
January 20, 1941
Versailles, France
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1923, 1925, 1928 [76]
Richard Bartholdt[az] November 2, 1855
Schleiz, Principality of Reuss-Gera
March 19, 1932
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1931, 1932 [77]
1906
Theodore Roosevelt[ba] October 27, 1858
New York City, New York, United States
January 6, 1919
Oyster Bay, New York, United States
1906 26th President of the United States (1901–1909) who won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize.[78]
Hjalmar Branting[bb] November 23, 1860
Stockholm, Sweden
February 24, 1925
Stockholm, Sweden
1906, 1913, 1914, 1921 Shared the 1921 Nobel Peace Prize with Christian Louis Lange.[79]
Francisco Francisco y Diaz 1862
Ocaña, Spain
? 1906 Nominated the only time by Don Jose de Cardenas.[80]
John Milton Hay[bc] October 8, 1838
Salem, Indiana, United States
July 1, 1905
Newbury, New Hampshire, United States
1906 Posthumously nominated the only time by professors of Law from several US universities.[81]
Léon Walras December 16, 1834
Évreux, France
January 5, 1910
Montreux, Switzerland
1906 [82]
John Westlake[bd] February 4, 1828
Lostwithiel, United Kingdom
April 14, 1913
London, United Kingdom
1906 Nominated the only time by the French member of the Institute of International Law Antoine Pillet 1857-1926).[83]
Charles William Smith ?
Bournemouth, United Kingdom
?
Bournemouth, United Kingdom
1906, 1911, 1912, 1913 [84]
Ernest Nys[be] March 27, 1851
Kortrijk, Belgium
September 12, 1920
Brussels, Belgium
1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1919 [85]
William Osborne McDowell April 10, 1848
Somerset, New Jersey, United States
March 12, 1927
Newark, New Jersey, United States
1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1917,[86] 1920 [87]
Edvard Wavrinsky[bf] April 12, 1848
Linköping, Sweden
January 4, 1924
Stockholm, Sweden
1906, 1907, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1922, 1923 [88]
1907
John William Strawson[bg] ?
Australia
?
Australia
1907 Nominated the only time by W.Reinhold.[89]
Erving Winslow November 19, 1839
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
March 10, 1922
Concord, Massachusetts, United States
1907 Nominated the only time by J.L.Slayden.[90]
Adam Wiszniewski 1826 1917 1907 Nominated the only time by 4 members of the Italian parliament.[91]
Charles Samuel Leadbetter 1907, 1908 [92]
Pierre Dutilh de la Tuque September 23, 1825
Nérac, France
?
France
1907, 1908, 1909 Nominated by J.-H.Dunant only.[93]
Otfried Nippold[bh] May 21, 1864
Wiesbaden, Duchy of Nassau
July 21, 1938
Bern, Switzerland
1907, 1908, 1909 [94]
Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof[bi] December 15, 1859
Białystok, Russian Empire
April 14, 1917
Warsaw, Congress Poland
1907, 1909, 1910, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 [95]
1908
Léon Bourgeois[bj] May 29, 1851
Paris, France
September 29, 1925
Épernay, France
1908, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920 Won the 1920 Nobel Peace Prize.[96]
Russell Lowell Jones ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1908 Nominated the only time by B.Bosanquet.[97]
Luigi Luzzatti[bk] March 11, 1841
Venice, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
March 29, 1927
Rome, Italy
1908, 1909 Prime Minister of Italy (1841–1927)[98]
Albert Keith Smiley[bl] March 17, 1828
Vassalboro, Maine, United States
December 2, 1912
Redlands, California, United States
1908, 1911, 1913 [99]
Andrew Carnegie[bm] November 25, 1835
Dunfermline, United Kingdom
August 11, 1919
Lenox, Massachusetts, United States
1908, 1911, 1913 [100]
Franz Joseph I of Austria[bn] August 18, 1830
Vienna, Austrian Empire
November 21, 1916
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
1908, 1913, 1914 Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1848–1916)[101]
Rudolf Vrba October 6, 1860
Bělá pod Bezdězem, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
October 17, 1939
Mladá Boleslav, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1908, 1910, 1915 [102]
Rafael Altamira y Crevea[bo] February 10, 1866
Alicante, Spain
June 1, 1951
Mexico City, Mexico
1908, 1909, 1911, 1933, 1951 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[103]
1909
Auguste Beernaert[bp] July 26, 1829
Ostend, Belgium
October 6, 1912
Lucerne, Switzerland
1909 Prime Minister of Belgium (1884–1894) who shared the 1909 Nobel Peace Prize with Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant.[104]
Alfred Hermann Fried[bq] November 11, 1864
Vienna, Austrian Empire
May 5, 1921
Vienna, Austria
1909, 1910, 1911 Shared the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize with Tobias Asser.[105]
Elihu Root[br] February 5, 1845
Clinton, Oneida County, New York, United States
February 7, 1937
New York City, United States
1909, 1910,[106] 1913 Won the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[107]
Nagao Ariga
(Aruga)
November 13, 1860
Osaka, Japan
May 17, 1921
Tokyo, Japan
1909 Nominated the only time by Hilty.[108]
Edward Purkis Frost[bs] January 1, 1842
United Kingdom
January 26, 1922
United Kingdom
1909 Nominated the only time by the member of the British parliament P.M.Thornton.[109]
Sebastião de Magalhães Lima May 30, 1850
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
December 7, 1928
Lisbon, Portugal
1909 Nominated the only time by J.M. de M.B.Feio Terenas.[110]
Léo-Paul Robert[bt] March 19, 1851
Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
October 10, 1923
Orvin, Switzerland
1909 Nominated the only time by Hilty.[111]
Carlos Rodolfo Tobar[bu] November 4, 1853
Quito, Ecuador
April 19, 1920
Barcelona, Spain
1909 Nominated only time by the member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration H.Vasques.[112]
Clifford Stevens Walton March 2, 1861
Chardon, Ohio, United States
May 15, 1902 or 1912 Washington, D.C., United States 1909 Nominated (posthumously?) only time by Eugene Carusi (1835-1924) - professor of Law from National University.[113]
Pasquale Fiori[bv] April 8, 1837
Terlizzi, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
December 17, 1914
Naples, Italy
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 [114]
Alexandre Mérignhac[bw] January 21, 1857
Toulouse, France
July 20, 1927
Toulouse, France
1909, 1913 Nominated by Ch.André Weiss only.[115]
David Starr Jordan[bx] January 19, 1851
Gainesville, New York, United States
September 19, 1931
Stanford, California, United States
1909, 1910, 1917, 1918, 1926, 1931 [116]

1910–1919

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1910
Henri La Fontaine[by] April 22, 1854
Brussels, Belgium
May 14, 1943
Brussels, Belgium
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 Won the 1913 Nobel Peace Prize.[117]
Prince Alphonse de Bourbon et d'Autriche-Este[bz] September 12, 1849
London, England
September 29, 1936
Vienna, Austria
1910 Nominated the only time by the professor of international law Alessandro Corsi (1859-1924).[118]
Herbert Joseph Davenport August 10, 1861
Wilmington, Vermont, United States
June 15, 1931
New York City, United States
1910 Nominated the only time by Alb.R.Hill.[119]
Victor Hugo Duras[ca] May 6, 1880
New York, United States
May 26, 1943
New York, United States
1910 Nominated the only time by Edm.H.Hinshaw.[120]
Andrey Lyapchev November 30, 1866
Resen, Ottoman Empire
November 6, 1933
Sofia, Bulgaria
1910 22nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1926–1931).
Nominated the only time by Хр.П.Славейков.[121]
Milovan Milovanović[cb] February 17, 1863
Belgrade, Ottoman Empire
June 18, 1912
Belgrade, Serbia
1910 45th Prime Minister of Serbia (1911–1912)[122]
Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Weardale[cc] December 8, 1847
London, United Kingdom
March 1, 1923
London, United Kingdom
1910 Nominated the only time by Alfr.H.Fried.[123]
Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa[cd] ca. 1860
Entre Ríos Province, Argentina
June 25, 1940
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1910, 1911 Nominated by members of the Argentinian Parliament and Senate only.[124]
Charles Wright Macara January 11, 1845
Strathmiglo, United Kingdom
January 2, 1929
Cheshire, United Kingdom
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 [125]
Jakob Münter[ce] ?
Möckmühl, Germany
?
Möckmühl, Germany
1910, 1914, 1921 [126]
Michał Stanisławowicz Tyszkiewicz[cf] April 7, 1857
Andruschiwka, Russian Empire
August 3, 1930
Żydowo, Gniezno County, Poland
1910, 1911, 1927 [127]
1911
Tobias Asser[cg] April 28, 1838
Amsterdam, Netherlands
July 29, 1913
The Hague, Netherlands
1911 Shared the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfred Hermann Fried.[128]
John Raleigh Mott[ch] May 25, 1865
Livingston Manor, New York, United States
January 31, 1955
Orlando, Florida, United States
1911, 1912, 1913, 1934, 1946 Shared the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with Emily Greene Balch.[129]
José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco[ci] April 20, 1845
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
February 10, 1912
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1911 [130]
Ernest Shackleton February 15, 1874
Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, United Kingdom
January 5, 1922
Grytviken, South Georgia
1911 Nominated the only time by Ol.St.Locker-Lampson.[131]
Sergei Yulyevich Witte[cj] June 29, 1849
Tbilisi, Russian Empire
March 13, 1915
Petrograd, Russian Empire
1911, 1912 1st Prime Minister of Russia (1905–1906). Nominated by C.Brun only.[132]
Gaston Moch[ck] March 6, 1859
Saint-Cyr-l'École, France
July 3, 1935
Paris, France
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 [133]
Felix Moscheles[cl] February 8, 1833
London, United Kingdom
December 22, 1917
Royal Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 [134]
Philipp Zorn[cm] January 13, 1850
Bayreuth, Kingdom of Bavaria
January 4, 1928
Ansbach, Germany
1911, 1912, 1914 [135]
Emperor Wilhelm II January 27, 1859
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
June 4, 1941
Doorn, Netherlands
1911, 1917 Emperor of Prussia (1888–1918)[136]
Émile Arnaud[cn] October 21, 1864
La Chapelle-de-Surieu, France
December 9, 1921
Paris, France
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 [137]
Albert Apponyi[co] May 29, 1846
Vienna, Austrian Empire
February 7, 1933
Geneva, Switzerland
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 [138]
Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster[cp] June 2, 1869
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
January 9, 1966
Kilchberg, Switzerland
1911, 1922, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1951, 1953, 1956, 1961, 1964 [139][140]
1912 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Norman Angell[cq] December 26, 1872
Holbeach, United Kingdom
October 7, 1967
Croydon, United Kingdom
1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1933, 1934 Won the 1933 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[141]
Charles Robert Richet[cr] August 26, 1850
Paris, France
December 4, 1935
Paris, France
1912, 1913, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[142]
Girolamo Internoscia[cs] September 28, 1869
Rapolla, Italy
June 3, 1931
Montréal, Canada
1912 [143]
Maksim Kovalevsky[ct] August 27, 1851
Kharhov, Russian Empire
April 5, 1916
Petrograd, Russian Empire
1912 [144]
Federico Poch Martínez ?
Barcelona, Spain
?
Barcelona, Spain
1912 [145]
Ramón María de Dalmau y de Olivart April 18, 1861
Lérida, Spain
October 11, 1928
Madrid, Spain
1912 [146]
Martin Rade[cu] April 4, 1857
Stolpen, Kingdom of Saxony
April 9, 1940
Frankfurt, Nazi Germany
1912 [147]
Estanislao Severeo Zeballos July 27, 1854
Rosario, Argentina
October 4, 1923
Liverpool, United Kingdom
1912, 1920, 1923 [148]
Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen[cv] August 11, 1868
Clisson, France
May 5, 1967
Grenoble, France
1912, 1913, 1914,[71] 1922,[149] 1923, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1939, 1940,[150] 1949, 1961, 1962 [151]
1913
Anna Bernhardine Eckstein June 14, 1868
Coburg, Kingdom of Bavaria
October 16, 1947
Coburg, Allied-occupied Germany
1913 [152]


Jointly nominated


[153]
Auguste Houzeau de Lehaie July 28, 1832
Mons, Belgium
May 20, 1922
Mons, Belgium
Richard Heinrich Maria Hubert
Feldhaus Schopen[cw]
August 17, 1856
Neuss, Kingdom of Prussia
January 29, 1944
Binningen, Switzerland
1913 [154]
Guido Fusinato[cx] February 15, 1860
Castelfranco Veneto, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
September 22, 1914
Schio, Italy
1913 [155]
Frederick William Herbert[cy] ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1913 [156]
Edwin Doak Mead[cz] September 29, 1849
Chesterfield, New Hampshire, United States
August 17, 1937
Dorchester, Massachusetts, United States
1913 [157]


Jointly nominated


[158]
Lucia Ames Mead[da] May 5, 1856
Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States
November 1, 1936
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
William Howard Taft[db] September 15, 1857
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
March 8, 1930
Washington, D.C., United States
1913 27th President of the United States (1909–1913)[159]
Benjamin Franklin Trueblood[dc] November 25, 1837
Salem, Indiana, United States
October 26, 1916
Newton Highlands, Massachusetts, United States
1913, 1914, 1915[33] [160]
Gregers Gram[dd] December 10, 1846
Moss, Norway
August 1, 1929
Oslo, Norway
1913, 1914, 1915 [161]
Alexander de Savornin Lohman May 29, 1837
Groningen, Netherlands
June 11, 1924
The Hague, Netherlands
1913, 1915 [162]
Carl Sundblad[de] September 1849
Höreda, Sweden
December 4, 1933
Rönninge, Sweden
1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1923, 1925, 1932, 1933 [163]
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk[df] March 7, 1850
Hodonín, Moravia, Austrian Empire
September 14, 1937
Lány, Czechoslovakia
1913, 1914, 1915, 1921, 1923, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1937 1st President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)[164]
1914 - this year Prize was not awarded
Christian Lous Lange[dg] September 17, 1869
Stavanger, Norway
December 11, 1938
Oslo, Norway
1914, 1919, 1920, 1921 Shared the 1921 Nobel Peace Prize with Hjalmar Branting.[165]
Ludwig Quidde[dh] March 23, 1858
Independent city of Bremen
March 4, 1941
Geneva, Switzerland
1914,[71] 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 Shared the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize with Ferdinand Buisson.[166]
Joseph Gundry Alexander Jun 1848
Bath, Somerset, England, United Kingdom
Feb 26, 1918
1914 Nominated the only time by Ern.T.Moneta.[71]
Luis María Drago[di] May 6, 1859
Mercedes, Argentina
June 9, 1921
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1914 [167]
Eugène-Émile Riquiez September 15, 1846
France
?
France
1914 [168]
Wssewolod Tscheschichin[dj] February 18, 1865
Riga, Russian Empire
December 14, 1934
Leningrad, Soviet Union
1914 [169]
Edoardo Giretti[dk] August 10, 1864
Torre Pellice, Italy
December 27, 1940
San Maurizio Canavese, Italy
1914, 1915, 1916 [170]
Homer Le Roy Boyle[dl] ?
Michigan, United States
?
Michigan, United States
1914, 1917 [171]
Antonio Serra y Morant December 17, 1866
Alicante, Spain
August 7, 1939
Madrid, Spain
1914, 1915, 1926 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[172]
1915 - this year Prize was not awarded
Enrico Bignami December 3, 1833
Lodi, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
October 13, 1921
Lugano, Switzerland
1915 [173]
Nils Claus Ihlen July 24, 1855
Skedsmo, Norway
March 22, 1925
Oslo, Norway
1915 [174]

Jointly nominated[dm]

[175]
Knut Agathon Wallenberg May 19, 1853
Stockholm, Sweden
June 1, 1938
Stockholm, Sweden
Svetomir Nikolajević September 27, 1844
Ub, Serbia, Ottoman Empire
April 18, 1922
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
1915 [176]
John Milton Ross[dn] ?
United States
?
United States
1915 [177]
Robert Stein January 9, 1857
Krosnowice, Poland
April 21, 1917
Washington, D.C., United States
1915 [178]
Gennaro Tambaro ?
Naples, Italy
?
Naples, Italy
1915 [179]
Charles Graham Worsley ?
Australia
?
Australia
1915 [180]
Heinrich Lammasch[do] May 21, 1853
Seitenstetten, Austrian Empire
January 6, 1920
Salzburg, Austria
1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 [181]
Pope Benedict XV[dp] November 21, 1854
Pegli, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
January 22, 1922
Rome, Italy
1915, 1916, 1920 259th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1914–1922)[182]
Albert I of Belgium[dq] April 8, 1875
Laeken, Belgium
February 17, 1934
Namur, Belgium
1915, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1927 King of Belgium (1909–1934)[183]
Josef Polák[dr] March 6, 1882
Warsaw, Congress Poland
August 6, 1943 Oświęcim, German-occupied Poland 1915, 1928 [184]
1916 - this year Prize was not awarded
Jane Addams[ds] September 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois, United States
May 21, 1935
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 Shared the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize with Nicholas Murray Butler.[185]
Per Ahlberg[dt] November 21, 1864
Gothenburg, Sweden
May 14, 1945
Stockholm, Sweden
1916 [186]
Érico Marinho da Gama Coelho March 7, 1849
Cabo Frio, Brazil
November 26, 1922
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1916 [187]
Ludwig Weyringer ?
Vienna, Austria
?
Vienna, Austria
1916 [188]
James Jankings Bryan ?
?
1916 Nominated the only time by Al.Heilinger.[189]
1917
Josef Scherrer-Füllemann[du] November 18, 1847
St. Gallen, Switzerland
September 8, 1924
Geneva, Switzerland
1917 [190]
Alfonso XIII May 17, 1886
Madrid, Spain
February 28, 1941
Rome, Italy
1917, 1933 King of Spain (1886–1931)[191][192]
James Brown Scott[dv] June 3, 1866
Kincardine, Ontario, Canada
June 25, 1943
Annapolis, Maryland, United States
1917, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [193]
Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer[dw] September 11, 1877
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
August 3, 1948
New York City, United States
1917, 1948 [194]
1918 - this year Prize was not awarded
Woodrow Wilson[dx] December 28, 1856
Staunton, Virginia, United States
February 3, 1924
Washington, D.C., United States
1918, 1919, 1920 28th President of the United States who won the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[195]
Tønnes Tollaksen Sandstøl[dy] September 28, 1845
Stavanger, Norway
June 9, 1924
Stavanger, Norway
1918 [196]
Georg Brandes February 4, 1842
Copenhagen, Denmark
February 19, 1927
Copenhagen, Denmark
1918 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature[197]
Mary Shapard[dz] c. 1882
Mississippi, United States
c. 1950s
Texas, United States
1918,[198] 1919 Nominated by J.M.Sheppard only.[199]
Walther Schücking[ea] January 6, 1875
Münster, German Empire
August 25, 1935
The Hague, Netherlands
1918, 1919, 1920, 1922,[149] 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934 [200]
1919 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Pietro Gasparri[eb] May 5, 1852
Ussita, Papal States
November 18, 1934
Rome, Italy
1919, 1920 [201]
Benjamin de Jong van Beek en Donk[ec] March 29, 1881
Gorinchem, Netherlands
January 31, 1948
Geneva, Switzerland
1919, 1922 [202]

1920–1929

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1920
Julius Lassen July 4, 1847
Samsø, Denmark
November 23, 1923
Copenhagen, Denmark
1920 [203]
Désiré-Joseph Mercier[ed] November 21, 1851
Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
January 23, 1926
Brussels, Belgium
1920 [204]
Elis Strömgren May 31, 1870
Helsingborg, Sweden
April 5, 1947
Copenhagen, Denmark
1920, 1922, 1923 [205]
Hans Jacob Horst[ee] November 7, 1848
Hammerfest, Norway
March 17, 1931
Oslo, Norway
1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 [206]
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard April 27, 1855
Paris, France
April 24, 1929
Pierrefonds, France
1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929 [207]
1921
Gérôme Périnet[ef] ? ? 1921 [208]
Francesco Quacquarelli ?
Italy
?
Italy
1921 [209]
Giovanni d'Ajutolo ?
Bologna, Italy
?
Bologna, Italy
1921, 1922, 1924, 1925 [210]
Herbert Hoover[eg] August 10, 1874
West Branch, Iowa, United States
October 20, 1964
New York City, New York, United States
1921, 1933, 1941,[211] 1946 31st President of the United States (1929–1933)[212]
1922
Fridtjof Nansen[eh] October 10, 1861
Oslo, Norway
May 13, 1930
Fornebo, Norway
1922, 1923 Won the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize.[213]
Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood[ei] September 14, 1864
London, United Kingdom
November 24, 1958
Danehill, United Kingdom
1922,[149] 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1935, 1937 Won the 1937 Nobel Peace Prize.[214]
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon[ej] April 25, 1862
London, United Kingdom
September 7, 1933
Fallodon, United Kingdom
1922 [215]
Hans Victor Clausen January 14, 1861
Odense, Denmark
October 7, 1937
Copenhagen, Denmark
1922 [216]
Eglantyne Jebb August 25, 1876
Ellesmere, United Kingdom
December 17, 1928
Geneva, Switzerland
1922 [217]
David Lloyd George January 17, 1863
Chorlton-on-Medlock, United Kingdom
March 26, 1945
Llanystumdwy, United Kingdom
1922 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)[218]


Jointly nominated but Griffith died before the only chance to be rewarded


President of Dáil Éireann (1922)[219]
Arthur Griffith March 31, 1871
Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom
August 12, 1922
Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom
Jacques Dumas 1868
Paris, France
1945
Paris, France
1922 [220]


Jointly nominated with Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster


[221]
Jules Jean Prudhommeaux November 2, 1869
Chevennes, France
December 20, 1948
Versailles, France
Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld February 4, 1862
Tuna, Vimmerby, Sweden
October 12, 1953
Stockholm, Sweden
1922 [149]
Warren Gamaliel Harding[ek] November 2, 1865
Blooming Grove, Ohio, United States
August 2, 1923
San Francisco, California, United States
1922, 1923 29th President of the United States (1921–1923)[222]
John Maynard Keynes[el] June 5, 1883
Cambridge, United Kingdom
April 21, 1946
Sussex, United Kingdom
1922, 1923, 1924 [223]
Francesco Saverio Nitti[em] July 19, 1868
Melfi, Italy
February 20, 1953
Rome, Italy
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926 Prime Minister of Italy (1919–1920)[224]
Baron Albéric Rolin-Jacquemyns[en] 1843
Ghent, Belgium
1937
Ghent, Belgium
1922,[149] 1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 [225]
Elsa Brändström Ulich[eo] March 26, 1888
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
March 4, 1948
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
1922, 1923, 1928, 1929 [226]
Charles Evans Hughes[ep] April 11, 1862
Glens Falls, New York, United States
August 27, 1948
Osterville, Massachusetts, United States
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929 [227]
Paul Hymans[eq] March 23, 1865
Ixelles, Belgium
March 8, 1941
Nice, Vichy France
1922, 1937 [228]
Carl Albert Lindhagen[er] December 17, 1860
Stockholm, Sweden
March 11, 1946
Stockholm, Sweden
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940[229] [230]
1923 - this year Prize was not awarded
Zeth Höglund April 29, 1884
Gothenburg, Sweden
August 13, 1956
Stockholm, Sweden
1923 [231]
Henry Macartney September 15, 1867
Armagh, United Kingdom
May 21, 1957
Decoto, California, United States
1923 [232]
Axel Svensson ?
Sweden
?
Sweden
1923 [233]
Frédéric Ferrière[es] December 9, 1848
Geneva, Switzerland
June 14, 1924
Geneva, Switzerland
1923, 1924 [234]
Axel Theodor Adelswärd[et] October 13, 1860
Flen, Sweden
September 29, 1929
Åtvidaberg, Sweden
1923, 1928 [235]
André Weiss[eu] September 30, 1858
Mulhouse, France
August 31, 1928
The Hague, Netherlands
1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 [236]
1924 - this year Prize was not awarded
Eugene Victor Debs[ev] November 5, 1855
Terre Haute, Indiana, United States
October 20, 1926
Elmhurst, Illinois, United States
1924 [237]
Edmund Dene Morel[ew] July 10, 1873
Paris, France
November 12, 1924
Devon, United Kingdom
1924 [238]
Édouard Lambert May 22, 1866
Mayenne, France
October 22, 1947
Lyon, France
1924 [239]
Raimundo Teixeira Mendes[ex] January 5, 1855
Caxias, Brazil
1927
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1924 [240]
Aga Khan III[ey] November 2, 1877
Karachi, British India
July 11, 1957
Versoix, Switzerland
1924, 1925 [241]
Paul Fauchille[ez] February 11, 1858
Loos, France
February 9, 1926
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
1924, 1926 [242]
Giovanni Papini January 29, 1881
Florence, Italy
July 8, 1956
Florence, Italy
1924, 1926 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[243]
Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland[fa] February 27, 1861
Stockholm, Sweden
October 24, 1951
Stockholm, Sweden
1924, 1928, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1937 [244]
John Hartman Morgan[fb] March 20, 1876
Caterham, United Kingdom
April 8, 1955
Royal Wootton Bassett, United Kingdom
1924, 1947, 1948 [245]
1925 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Ferdinand Buisson[fc] December 20, 1841
Paris, France
February 16, 1932
Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France
1925, 1927 Shared the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize with Ludwig Quidde.[246]
Nils Petersen 1858
Copenhagen, Denmark
1933
Copenhagen, Denmark
1925 [247]
Gustav Walker April 21, 1868
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
January 1, 1944
Vienna, Nazi Germany
1925 [248]
Ramsay MacDonald[fd] October 12, 1866
Lossiemouth, United Kingdom
November 9, 1937
aboard the MV Reina del Pacifico
1925, 1929, 1930, 1931 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1924–1924, 1929–1935)[249]
Hellmut von Gerlach[fe] February 2, 1866
Wińsko, Wołów, Kingdom of Prussia
August 1, 1935
Paris, France
1925,[250] 1933 [251]
Henri Demont[ff] June 16, 1877
Oise, France
February 20, 1959
Paris, France
1925, 1950, 1952, 1955 [252][253]
1926
Austen Chamberlain[fg] October 16, 1863
Birmingham, United Kingdom
March 16, 1937
London, United Kingdom
1926 [254]


Shared the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize but were awarded the following year


[255]
Charles Gates Dawes[fh] August 27, 1865
Marietta, Ohio, United States
April 23, 1951
Evanston, Illinois, United States
1926
Aristide Briand[fi] March 28, 1862
Nantes, France
March 7, 1932
Paris, France
1926,

1931, 1932[256]
Prime Minister of France (1909–1917, 1921–1922, 1925–1926, 1929)[257]


Shared the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.


Chancellor of Germany (1923)[258]
Gustav Stresemann[fj] May 10, 1878
Berlin, German Empire
October 3, 1929
Berlin, Germany
1926
Nathan Söderblom[fk] January 15, 1866
Uppsala, Sweden
July 12, 1931
Uppsala, Sweden
1926, 1929, 1930 Won the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize.[259]
Oswald Balzer January 23, 1858
Chodorów, Austrian Empire
January 11, 1933
Lviv, Soviet Union
1926 [260]
Carlos Medina Chirinos[fl] ?
Venezuela
?
Venezuela
1926 [261]
François David ? ? 1926 [262]
Harry Graf Kessler May 23, 1868
Paris, France
November 30, 1937
Lyon, France
1926 [263]
Hans Luther[fm] March 10, 1879
Berlin, German Empire
May 11, 1962
Düsseldorf, West Germany
1926 Chancellor of Germany (1925–1926)[264]
Carlos Francisco Melo Fernández 1873
Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
October 2, 1931
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1926 [265]
Vespasian Pella January 17, 1897
Bucharest, Romania
August 24, 1952
New York City, New York, United States
1926 [266]
Shibusawa Eiichi[fn] March 16, 1840
Fukaya, Saitama, Japan
November 11, 1931
Tokyo, Japan
1926, 1927 [267]
Nikolaos Sokrates Politis[fo] 1872
Greece
1942
France
1926, 1927, 1928, 1930 [268]
Edvard Beneš[fp] May 28, 1884
Kožlany, Moravia, Austria-Hungary
September 3, 1948
Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia
1926, 1927, 1938, 1939, 1945, 1947, 1948 2nd and 4th President of Czechoslovakia (1935–1938; 1945–1948)[269]
1927
Emilio Caldara January 20, 1868
Soresina, Italy
October 31, 1942
Milan, Italy
1927 [270]
Giuseppe Motta[fq] December 29, 1871
Airolo, Switzerland
January 23, 1940
Bern, Switzerland
1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1938 [271]
James Thomson Shotwell[fr] August 6, 1874
Strathroy, Ontario, Canada
July 15, 1965
Woodstock, New York, United States
1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 [272]
Max Huber[fs] December 21, 1874
Zürich, Switzerland
January 1, 1960
Zürich, Switzerland
1927, 1933, 1953, 1957, 1960[273] [274]
Östen Undén[ft] August 25, 1886
Karlstad, Sweden
January 14, 1974
Stockholm, Sweden
1927, 1966, 1967 [275]
1928 - this year Prize was not awarded
Giovanni Ciraolo May 24, 1873
Reggio Calabria, Italy
October 5, 1954
Rome, Italy
1928 [276]
Auguste-Henri Forel September 1, 1848
Morges, Switzerland
July 27, 1931
Yvorne, Switzerland
1928 Nominated also for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine[277]
Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell[fu] February 22, 1857
Paddington, United Kingdom
January 8, 1941
Nyeri, Kenya Colony
1928, 1933, 1937, 1938, 1939 [278]
1929 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Frank Billings Kellogg[fv] December 22, 1856
Potsdam, New York, United States
December 21, 1937
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
1929, 1930 Won the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[279]
Severin Christensen[fw] March 19, 1867
Rønne, Denmark
January 19, 1933
Rønne, Denmark
1929 [280]
Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog[fx] December 3, 1888
Lomza, Russian Empire
July 25, 1959
Jerusalem, Israel
1929 [281]
Bernard Loder[fy] September 13, 1849
Amsterdam, Netherlands
November 4, 1935
The Hague, Netherlands
1929 [282]
Čeněk Slepánek June 20, 1878
Suchdol, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary
October 21, 1944
Kojetín, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1929 [283]
Salmon Levinson[fz] December 29, 1865
Noblesville, Indiana, United States
February 2, 1941
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1929, 1930 [284]
Hans Peter Hanssen[ga] February 21, 1862
Sundeved, Denmark
May 27, 1936
Aabenraa, Denmark
1929, 1930, 1932 [285]
Marc Sangnier April 3, 1873
Paris, France
May 28, 1950
Paris, France
1929, 1932 [286]
Édouard Herriot[gb] July 5, 1872
Troyes, France
March 26, 1957
Lyon, France
1929, 1933 Prime Minister of France (1924–1925, 1926, 1932)[287]
Nicholas Roerich October 19, 1874
Saint Petersburg, Russiam Empire
December 13, 1947
Naggar, India
1929, 1933, 1935 [288]
Gustaf Roos[gc] September 6, 1859
Karlskrona, Sweden
January 19, 1938
Stockholm, Sweden
1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937 [289]

1930–1939

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1930
Nicholas Murray Butler[gd] April 2, 1862
Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States
December 7, 1947
New York City, New York, United States
1930, 1931 Shared the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize with Jane Addams.[290]
Albert Schweitzer[ge] January 14, 1875
Kaysersberg Vignoble, France
September 4, 1965
Lambarene, Gabon
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1950, 1952, 1953 Won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[291]
James Chapple August 23, 1865
Rockhampton, Queensland Colony
April 8, 1947
Auckland, New Zealand
1930 [292]
Gustav Adolf Deissmann[gf] November 7, 1866
Langenscheid, Kingdom of Prussia
April 5, 1937
Zossen, Nazi Germany
1930 [293]
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo November 3, 1877
Linares, Chile
April 28, 1960
Santiago, Chile
1930 19th and 25th President of Chile (1927–1931, 1952–1958)[294]


Nominated jointly[gg]


40th President of Peru (1919–1930)[295]
Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo February 19, 1863
Lambayeque, Peru
February 6, 1932
Callao, Peru
Mario Leuzzi ?
Italy
?
Italy
1930 [296]
Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere April 26, 1868
London, United Kingdom
November 26, 1940
Bermuda
1930 [297]
Samuel Colcord Bartlett[gh] November 25, 1817
Salisbury, New Hampshire, United States
November 16, 1898
Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
1930, 1931 [298]
P. B. de Ville ?
South Africa
?
South Africa
1930, 1932 [299]
Efisio Giglio-Tos[gi] January 2, 1870
Turin, Italy
January 6, 1941
Turin, Italy
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938 [300]
Paul von Schoenaich[gj] February 16, 1886
Trumiejki, German Empire
January 7, 1951
Reinfeld, West Germany
1930, 1931, 1933, 1947, 1948 [301]
Hans Wehberg[gk] December 15, 1885
Düsseldorf, German Empire
May 30, 1962
Geneva, Switzerland
1930, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952 [302]
Salvador de Madariaga[gl] July 23, 1886
A Coruña, Spain
December 14, 1978
Muralto, Switzerland
1930, 1936, 1952, 1953, 1965 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[303][304]
Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze[gm] June 14, 1885
Görlitz, German Empire
July 11, 1969
Soest, West Germany
1930, 1969 [305]
1931
Arthur Henderson[gn] September 13, 1863
Glasgow, United Kingdom
October 20, 1935
London, United Kingdom
1931, 1933, 1934 Won the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.[306]
Dionisio Anzilotti[go] February 20, 1867
Pescia, Italy
August 23, 1950
Pescia, Italy
1931 [307]
Didrik Nyholm[gp] June 21, 1858
Randers, Denmark
August 31, 1931
Copenhagen, Denmark
1931 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[308]
Edward Price Bell March 1, 1869
Terre Haute, Indiana, United States
September 12, 1943
Pass Christian, Mississippi, United States
1931 [309]
Annie Wood Besant[gq] October 1, 1847
Clapham, United Kingdom
September 20, 1933
Adyar, Chennai, British India
1931 [310]
Erich Maria Remarque[gr] June 22, 1898
Osnabrück, German Empire
September 25, 1970
Locarno, Switzerland
1931 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[311]
André Lalande[gs] July 19, 1867
Dijon, France
November 15, 1963
Asnières-sur-Seine, France
1931 [312]
Georg Bonne August 12, 1859
Hamburg (independent city state)
May 1, 1945
Hamburg, Nazi Germany
1931, 1933 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[313]
Gerrit Jan Heering[gt] March 15, 1879
Pasuruan, Dutch East Indies
August 18, 1955
Leiden, Netherlands
1931, 1932, 1933 [314]
Peter Rochegune Munch[gu] July 25, 1870
Redsted, Denmark
January 12, 1948
Copenhagen, Denmark
1931, 1933, 1934 [315]
Étienne Clémentel[gv] March 29, 1864
Clermont-Ferrand, France
December 25, 1936
Prompsat, France
1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 [316]
Adolf Damaschke November 24, 1865
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
July 30, 1935
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1931, 1933, 1934, 1935 [317]
Louis Edouard Demey July 29, 1876
Sint-Michiels, Belgium
February 19, 1943
Bruges, Belgium
1931, 1935 [318]
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair[gw] March 15, 1857
London, United Kingdom
April 18, 1939
Rubislaw, United Kingdom
1931, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1937 [319][320]
Peter Tomaschek July 11, 1882
Szeretvásár, Austria-Hungary
December 1, 1940
Siret, Romania
1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [321]
Martial Justin Verraux[gx] November 6, 1855
Paris, France
April 28, 1939
Paris, France
1931 [322]
Mariano Hilario Cornejo Zenteno[gy] October 28, 1866
Arequipa, Peru
March 25, 1942
Paris, German-occupied France
1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940[323] [324]
Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi[gz] November 16, 1894
Tokyo, Japan
July 27, 1972
Schruns, Austria
1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1940,[325] 1941,[326] 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1972 [327]
1932 - this year Prize was not awarded
Herbert Runham Brown[ha] June 27, 1879
Redhill, Surrey, United Kingdom
1949
United States
1932 [328]
Raoul Dandurand November 4, 1861
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
March 11, 1942
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1932 [329]
Christian Frederick Heerfordt[hb] December 26, 1871
Copenhagen, Denmark
November 3, 1953
Copenhagen, Denmark
1932 [330]
Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek[hc] August 21, 1874
The Hague, Netherlands
March 29, 1942
The Hague, Netherlands
1932 [331]
Raja Mahendra Pratap[hd] December 1, 1886
Mursan, Uttar Pradesh, British India
April 29, 1979
Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
1932 [332]
Constantin Stameschkine December 18, 1874
Liepāja, Russian Empire
May 18, 1934
Brussels, Belgium
1932 [333]
Georg Streit ?
Greece
?
Greece
1932 [334]
Knut Sandstedt ?
Sweden
?
Sweden
1932, 1933 [335]
Vittorio Scialoja[he] April 24, 1856
Turin, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
November 19, 1933
Rome, Italy
1932, 1933 [336]
Alejandro Álvarez[hf] February 9, 1868
Santiago, Chile
July 19, 1960
Paris, France
1932, 1933, 1934 [337]
Rafael Erich June 10, 1879
Turku, Russian Empire
February 19, 1946
Helsinki, Finland
1932, 1933, 1934, 1940[338] 6th Prime Minister of Finland (1920–1921)[339]
Pierre Laval[hg] June 28, 1883
Châteldon, Puy-de-Dôme, France
October 15, 1945
Fresnes, Val-de-Marne, France
1932, 1936 Prime Minister of France (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1942–1944)[340]
John Bassett Moore December 3, 1860
Smyrna, Delaware, United States
November 12, 1947
New York City, New York, United States
1932, 1936, 1938 [341]
Alexandros Papanastasiou[hh] July 8, 1876
Tripoli, Kingdom of Greece
November 17, 1936
Athens, Greece
1932, 1934, 1935, 1936 Prime Minister of Greece (1924, 1932)[342]
1933 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Victor Basch August 18, 1863
Budapest, Hungary, Austrian Empire
January 10, 1944
Neyron, Ain, Vichy France
1933 [343]
Arthur Charles Frederick Beales 1905
London, United Kingdom
August 16, 1974
London, United Kingdom
1933 [344]
Margit Antonia Bárczy[hi] November 29, 1877
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
March 26, 1877
Paris, France
1933 [345]
Rinaldo Dohrn[hj] March 13, 1880
Naples, Italy
December 14, 1962
Rome, Italy
1933 [346]
Friedrich Philip Kiehl ?
France
?
France
1933 [347]
Louis Erasme Le Fur October 17, 1870
Pontivy, Morbihan, France
February 23, 1943
Paris, German-occupied France
1933 [348]
Macellus Donald Alexander Redlich August 15, 1893
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
June 24, 1946
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1933 [349]
Michael Blümelhuber September 23, 1865
Steyr, Austrian Empire
January 29, 1936
Steyr, Austria
1933, 1934 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[350]
Karl Drexel July 21, 1872
Dornbirn, Vorarlberg, Austria-Hungary
March 14, 1954
Dornbirn, Vorarlberg, Allied-occupied Austria
1933, 1934 [351]
Fredrik Norman ?
Sweden
?
Sweden
1933, 1934 [352]
I. A. Davidson ?
France
?
France
1933, 1935 [353]
Karl Strupp March 30, 1886
Gotha, Thuringia, German Empire
February 28, 1940
Chatou, Yvelines, France
1933, 1935 [354]
Manley Ottmer Hudson[hk] May 19, 1886
St. Peters, Missouri, United States
April 13, 1960
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1933, 1951 [355]
1934
Andreo Cseh[hl] 12 September 1895
Marosludas, Austria-Hungary
9 March 1979
The Hague, Netherlands
1934 [356]
Paul Desjardins 22 November 1859
Paris, France
13 March 1940
Pontigny, Yonne, France
1934 [357]
Hans Driesch 28 October 1867
Bad Kreuznach, Kingdom of Prussia
17 April 1941
Leipzig, Saxony, Nazi Germany
1934 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[358]
Gabriel Hanotaux 19 November 1853
Beaurevoir, Aisne, France
11 April 11, 1944
Paris, German-occpupied France
1934 [359]
Hermann Kantorowicz 18 November 1877
Poznań, German Empire
12 February 1940
Cambridge, United Kingdom
1934 [360]
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ca. 1881
Thessaloniki, Ottoman Empire (present-day Greece)
10 November 1938
Istanbul, Turkey
1934 1st President of Turkey (1923–1938)[361]
Peter Manniche 21 October 1889
Ølsted, Denmark
15 February 1981
Helsingør, Denmark
1934 [362]
Józef Piłsudski[hm] 5 December 1867
Zalavas, Švenčionys, Russian Empire
12 May 1935
Warsaw, Poland
1934 [363]
Gabriel Terra 1 August 1873
Montevideo, Uruguay
15 September 1942
Montevideo, Uruguay
1934 40th President of Uruguay (1931–1938)[364]
Moisés Vieites[hn] 1881
Havana, Cuba
?
Havana, Cuba
1934 [365]
Constansis Vigil ?
Nicaragua
?
Nicaragua
1934 [366]
Hans Kelsen[ho] 11 October 1881
Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary
19 April 1973
Berkeley, California, United States
1934, 1936 [367]
Ivan Nikolaevich Efremov[hp] 18 January 1866
Kharkiv, Russian Empire
13 January 1945
Paris, France
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [368]
Hari Mohan Banerjee[hq] ?
British India
September 3, 1960
Kolkata, India
1934, 1936, 1938 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature.[369]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt[hr] 30 January 1882
Hyde Park, New York, United States
12 April 1945
Warm Springs, Georgia, United States
1934, 1938, 1939, 1940,[370] 1941,[371] 1945 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945)[372]
Jorge Hernàndez Lillo Jedetzky ?
Chile
?
Chile
1934, 1937, 1948, 1949 [373][374]
Gilbert Murray[hs] 2 January 1866
Sydney, Colony of New South Wales
20 May 1957
Boars Hill, Oxford, United Kingdom
1934, 1956 [375]
1935 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Carl von Ossietzky[ht] 3 October 1889
Hamburg, German Empire
4 May 1938
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1935, 1936, 1937[376] Won the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned and was refused a passport by the government of Germany.[377]
Carlos Saavedra Lamas[hu] 1 November 1878
Buenos Aires, Argentina
5 May 1959
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1935, 1936, 1937[378] Won the 1936 Nobel Peace Prize.[379]
Miguel Ángel Araújo 1858
Jucuapa, Usulután, El Salvador
2 August 1942
San Salvador, El Salvador
1935 [380]
Janet Miller
(prob. Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946))
?
United States
?
United States
1935 [381]
Benito Mussolini 29 July 1883
Predappio, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
28 April 1945
Giulino, Como, Italy
1935 Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1943)[382]
Samuel Harden Church 24 January 1858
Hamilton, Missouri, United States
11 October 1943
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
1935, 1936 [383]
Alfred Edward Evershed[hv] 22 April 1870
Littlehampton, West Sussex, United Kingdom
31 May 1941
Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
1935, 1936 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature.[384]
Heinrich Küster 16 August 1870
Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia
1 July 1956
Görlitz, East Germany
1935, 1937[385] [386]
Justin Godart 26 November 1871
Lyon, France
12 December 1956
Paris, France
1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 [387]
Afrânio de Melo Franco[hw] 25 February 1870
Paracatu, Minas Gerais, Brazil
1 January 1943
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1935, 1937, 1938 [388]
Julie Bikle 8 January 1871
Lucerne, Switzerland
11 May 1962
Winterthur, Switzerland
1935, 1936, 1937, 1940[389] [390]
1936
Cordell Hull[hx] 2 October 1871
Olympus, Tennessee, United States
23 July 1955
Washington, D.C., United States
1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940,[391] 1941,[392] 1945 Won the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize.[393]
Henri Bonnet 26 May 1888
Châteauponsac, Haute-Vienne, France
25 October 1978
Paris, France
1936 [394]
Pierre de Coubertin[hy] 1 January 1863
Paris, France
2 September 1937
Geneva, Switzerland
1936 [395]
Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood[hz] 24 February 1880
London, United Kingdom
7 May 1959
London, United Kingdom
1936 [396]
Moina Belle Michael[ia] 15 August 1869
Good Hope, Georgia, United States
10 May 1944
Athens, Georgia, United States
1936 [397]
Arthur MacDonald ?
United States
?
United States
1936 [398]
Cairoli Gigliotti 1872
Italy
1946
Italy
1936 [399]
René Millet ?
Marseille, France
?
Marseille, France
1936 [400]
John Alfred Morehead[ib] 4 February 1867
Pulaski, Virginia, United States
1 June 1936
New York City, New York, United States
1936 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[401]
Alfred Ploetz[ic] 22 August 1860
Świnoujście, Kingdom of Prussia
20 March 20, 1940
Herrsching, Upper Bavaria, Nazi Germany
1936 [402]
Max Reinhardt 9 September 1873
Baden bei Wien, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary
31 October 1943
New York City, New York, United States
1936 [403]
Sténio Vincent[id] 22 February 1874
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
3 September 1959
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
1936, 1937[404] 28th President of Haiti (1930–1941)[405]
Rafael Trujillo[ie] 24 October 1891
San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
30 May 1961
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
1936, 1937[404] 3rd and 6th President of the Dominican Republic (1930–1938, 1942–1952)[406]
Irma Schweitzer-Meyer[if] 20 January 1882
Baden, Switzerland
4 July 1967
Zürich, Switzerland
1936, 1937 [407]
Francesco Consentini 1870
Benevento, Italy
1944
Rome, Italy
1936, 1937, 1938 [408]
1937
Stanley Bruce[ig] 15 April 1883
St. Kilda, Victoria Colony
25 August 1967
London, United Kingdom
1937 8th Prime Minister of Australia (1923–1929)[409]
Joaquím Cases-Carbó[ih] 22 February 1858
Barcelona, Spain
10 May 1943
Barcelona, Spain
1937 [410]
Edo Fimmen[ii] 18 June 1881
Nieuwer-Amstel, North Holland, Netherlands
14 December 1942
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
1937 [411]
Nils August Nilsson 13 February 1860
Kristianstad, Sweden
2 November 1940
Örebro, Sweden
1937 [412]
Henrietta Szold[ij] 21 December 1860
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
13 February 1945
Jerusalem, Mandate Palestine
1937 [413]
George Saint-Paul 17 April 1870
Montigny-lès-Metz, Moselle, France
11 February 1958
Genillé, Indre-et-Loire, France
1937 [414]
Henri Golay 1867
Switzerland
1950
Switzerland
1937, 1938, 1939 [415]
Nalini Kumar Mukherjee[ik] ?
India
?
India
1937, 1938, 1939 [416]
Mahatma Gandhi[il] 2 October 1869
Porbandar, Gujarat, British India
30 January 1948
New Delhi, India
1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948 [417]
1938
Léon Jouhaux[im] 1 July 1879
Paris, France
28 April 1954
Paris, France
1938, 1939, 1951 Won the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize.[418]
Charles Bernard ?
United States
?
United States
1938 [419]
William Ferris[in] ?
Cork, Ireland
?
Cork, Ireland
1938 [420]
Princess Henriette of Belgium 30 November 1870
Brussels, Belgium
28 March 1948
Sierre, Switzerland
1938 [421]
Karl Kautsky[io] 16 October 1854
Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
17 October 1938
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1938 [422]
Ernst Laur 27 March 1871
Basel, Switzerland
30 May 1962
Effingen, Switzerland
1938 [423]
W. Gregory Paull ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1938 [424]
Hugh Richard Lawrie Sheppard 2 September 1880
Greater London, United Kingdom
31 October 1937
London, United Kingdom
1938 Posthumously nominated.[425]
Pierre Cérésole[ip] 17 August 1879
Lausanne, Switzerland
23 October 1945
Lausanne, Switzerland
1938, 1939, 1940[426] [427]
Haile Selassie[iq] 23 July 1892
Ejersa Goro, Ethiopia
27 August 1975
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
1938, 1964 Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)[428]
1939 - this year Prize was not awarded
Carrie Chapman Catt[ir] 9 January 1859
Ripon, Wisconsin, United States
9 March 1947
New Rochelle, New York, United States
1939 [429]
Adolf Hitler[is] 20 April 1889
Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary
30 April 1945
Berlin, Nazi Germany
1939 Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)[430]
Robert Jacquinot de Besange 15 March 1878
Saintes, Charente-Maritime, France
10 September 1946
Berlin, Allied-occupied Germany
1939 [431]
Pope Pius XI 31 May 1857
Desio, Monza e Brianza Italy
10 February 1939
Vatican City
1939 259th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1922–1939)
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[432]
François-Joseph Troubat 6 May 1874
Montluçon, Allier, France
28 March 1968
Montluçon, Allier, France
1939 [433]
Neville Chamberlain[it] 18 March 1869
Birmingham, United Kingdom
9 November 1940
Heckfield, United Kingdom
1939, 1940[434] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1937–1940)[435]
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.

1940–1949

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1940
Stanley Jacob Cantor May 25, 1888
St Kilda, Victoria Colony
1964
Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
1940 Nominated the only time by W. Everwed (Australia).[436]
George Lansbury February 22, 1859
Halesworth, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom
May 7, 1940
North London, England, United Kingdom
1940 [437]
Helene Stöcker November 13, 1869
Wuppertal, Kingdom of Prussia
February 24, 1943
New York City, United States
1940 Nominated the only time by L.Quidde.[150]
1941-1943 - these years Prizes were not awarded
1944 - Prize has been awarded a year later
No new persons were nominated for the years 1941, 1942, 1943, and 1944 due to World War II
1945
Winston Churchill[iu] 30 November 1874
Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
24 January 1965
Kensington, United Kingdom
1945, 1950 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945, 1951–1955)
Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.[438]
Maxim Litvinov[iv] 17 July 1876
Bialystok, Russian Empire
31 December 1951
Moscow, Soviet Union
1945 [439]
Jan Smuts[iw] 24 May 1870
Riebeeck West, Western Cape, South Africa
11 September 1950
Irene, Gauteng, South Africa
1945 [440]
Joseph Stalin[ix] 18 December 1878
Gori, Russian Empire
5 March 1953
Kuntsevo, Soviet Union
1945, 1948 4th Premier of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)[441]
Anthony Eden[iy] 12 June 1897
Windlestone Hall, Rushyford, United Kingdom
14 January 1977
Alvediston, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
1945, 1955, 1956 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1955–1957)[442]
1946
Emily Greene Balch[iz] 8 January 1867
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
9 January 1961
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1946 Shared the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Raleigh Mott.[443]
Henri Hemont ?
France
?
France
1946 [444]
Ernest Williams ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1946 [445]
Alexandra Kollontai[ja] 31 March 1872
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
9 March 1952
Moscow, Soviet Union
1946, 1947 [446]
Louis de Brouckère 31 May 1870
Roeselare, Belgium
3 June 1951
Brussels, Belgium
1946, 1949, 1950, 1951 [447]
1947
John Boyd Orr[jb] 23 September 1880
Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, United Kingdom
25 June 1971
Edzell, Angus, United Kingdom
1947, 1949 Won the 1949 Nobel Peace Prize.[448]
Natanael Beskow[jc] 9 March 1865
Västervik, Sweden
8 October 1953
Danderyd, Sweden
1947 [449]
Lionel Curtis[jd] 7 May 1872
Little Eaton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
24 November 1955
Oxford, United Kingdom
1947 [450]
Carl Joachim Hambro 5 January 1885
Bergen, Norway
15 December 1964
Oslo, Norway
1947 [451]
Paul Percy Harris 19 April 1868
Racine, Wisconsin, United States
27 January 1947
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1947 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[452]
Herbert Henry Lehman 28 March 1878
Manhattan, New York, United States
5 December 1963
New York City, New York, United States
1947 [453]
Alfred Eckhard Zimmern[je] 26 January 1879
Surbiton, United Kingdom
24 November 1957
Avon, Connecticut, United States
1947 [454]
Pope Pius XII[jf] 2 March 1876
Rome, Italy
9 October 1958
Castel Gandolfo, Italy
1947, 1948 260th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.[455]
Georges Scelle[jg] 19 March 1878
Avranches, Manche, France
8 January 1961
Paris, France
1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955 [456]
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt[jh] 11 October 1884
New York City, New York, United States
7 November 1962
Manhattan, New York, United States
1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962 [457]
Johannes Ude[ji] 28 February 1874
Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See, Carinthia, Austria-Hungary
7 July 1965
Grundlsee, Styria, Austria
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 [458]
1948 - this year Prize was not awarded
Oswaldo Aranha[jj] 15 February 1894
Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
27 January 1960
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1948 [459]
Katharine Bruce Glasier[jk] 25 September 1867
Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom
14 June 1950
Earby, Lancashire, United Kingdom
1948 [460]
Vyacheslav Molotov[jl] 9 March 1890
Sovetsk, Russian Empire
8 November 1986
Moscow, Soviet Union
1948 3rd Premier of the Soviet Union (1930–1941)[461]
Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven[jm] 13 April 1865
Havana, Cuba
24 August 1951
Havana, Cuba
1948, 1949 [462]
José Gustavo Guerrero[jn] 26 June 1876
San Salvador, El Salvador
25 October 1958
Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
1948, 1949 [463]
Karl Renner[jo] 14 December 1870
Dolní Dunajovice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary
31 December 1950
Vienna, Allied-occupied Austria
1948, 1949 3rd President of Austria (1945–1950)[464]
Raoul Wallenberg[jp] 4 August 1912
Lidingö, Sweden
prob. 1947
Moscow, Soviet Union
1948, 1949 Posthumously nominated.[jq][465]
Ewing Cockrell[jr] 28 May 1874
Warrensburg, Missouri, United States
21 January 1962
Washington, D.C., United States
1948, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 [466]
Edgard Milhaud[js] 14 April 1873
Nîmes, Gard, France
4 September 1964
Barcelona, Spain
1948, 1949, 1957 [467]
Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt[jt] 1 January 1873
Berlin, German Empire
7 October 1964
West Berlin, West Germany
1948, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 [468]
Harry Truman[ju] 8 May 1884
Lamar, Missouri, United States
26 December 1972
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
1948, 1950, 1953, 1966 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)[469]
1949
René Cassin[jv] 5 October 1887
Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
20 February 1976
Paris, France
1949, 1950, 1968 Won the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize.[470][471]
Raphael Armattoe 12 August 1913
Keta, Ghana Colony
22 December 1953
Hamburg, West Germany
1949 [472]
Frank Ross McCoy[jw] 29 October 1874
Lewiston, Pennsylvania, United States
4 June 1954
Washington, D.C., United States
1949 [473]
Andrew Russell Pearson[jx] 31 December 1897
Evanston, Illinois, United States
1 September 1969
Washington, D.C., United States
1949 [474]
Juan Domingo Perón[jy] 8 October 1895
Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1 July 1974
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1949 President of Argentina (1946–1955; 1973–1974).[475]
María Eva Duarte Perón[jy] 7 May 1919
Los Toldos, Argentina
26 July 1952
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1949 Nominated the only time with husband Juan Perón.[476]
Miguel Cruchaga Tocornal[jz] 4 May 1869
Santiago, Chile
3 May 1949
Santiago, Chile
1949 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[477]
Marcus Wald ?
South Africa
?
South Africa
1949 [478]
Maria Tecla Montessori[ka] 31 August 1870
Chiaravalle, Ancona, Italy
6 May 1952
Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands
1949, 1950, 1951 [479]

1950–1959

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1950
Ralph Bunche[kb] August 7, 1904
Detroit, Michigan, United States
December 9, 1971
New York City, United States
1950 Won the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize.[480]
George Marshall[kc] December 31, 1880
Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States
October 16, 1959
Washington, D.C., United States
1950, 1953 Won the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize.[481]
Sri Aurobindo August 15, 1872
Kolkata, West Bengal, British India
December 5, 1950
Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
1950 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[482]
Francis Carlisle ?
New Zealand
?
New Zealand
1950 [483]
Louis Häfliger[kd] January 30, 1904
Zürich, Switzerland
February 15, 1993
Podbrezová, Slovakia
1950 [484]
Paul of Greece[ke] December 14, 1901
Acharnes, Attica, Greece
March 6, 1964
Athens, Greece
1950 King of Greece ('the Hellenes') (1947–1964)[485]
Emery Reves[kf] February 16, 1904
Bačko Gradište, Bečej, Serbia
October 4, 1981
Monte Carlo, Monaco
1950 [486]
Herbert Vere Evatt[kg] April 30, 1894
East Maitland, Colony of New South Wales
November 2, 1965
Canberra, Australia
1950, 1953 [487]
André Trocmé[kh] April 7, 1901
Saint-Quentin, Somme, France
June 5, 1971
Geneva, Switzerland
1950,[488] 1955 Nominated jointly with Wilhelm Mensching only.[489]
Wilhelm Mensching[kh] October 5, 1887
Lauenhagen, German Empire
August 25, 1964
Stadthagen, Lower Saxony, West Germany
1950,[488] 1955, 1960 [490]
Raphael Lemkin[ki] June 24, 1900
Bezvodno, Russian Empire
August 28, 1959
New York City, New York, United States
1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959 [491]
Jawaharlal Nehru[kj] November 14, 1889
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, British India
May 27, 1964
New Delhi, India
1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1961 1st Prime Minister of India (1950–1964)[492]
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan[kk] September 5, 1888
Thiruttani, Tamil Nadu, British India
April 17, 1975
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1966 2nd President of India (1962–1967)
Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[493]
Sanjib Chaudhuri[kl] ?
India
?
India
1950, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[494]
Walter Robert Corti[km] September 11, 1910
Zürich, Switzerland
January 12, 1990
Winterthur, Switzerland
1950, 1951, 1952, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1967 [495]
Robert Maynard Hutchins[kn] January 17, 1899
Brooklyn, New York, United States
May 17, 1977
Santa Barbara, California, United States
1950, 1951, 1967 [496][497]
Clarence Streit[ko] January 21, 1896
California, Missouri, United States
July 6, 1986
Washington, D.C., United States
1950, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 [498]
1951
Michael Allawerdi[kp] ?
Syria
?
Syria
1951 [499]
Lucien Coquet 1873
France
1952
Pontoise, Val-d'Oise, France
1951 [500]
Allen Dobson[kq] February 18, 1889
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
April 14, 1969
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
1951 [501]
H. C. Honegger[kr] ?
United States
?
United States
1951 [502]
Charles Cheney Hyde[ks] May 22, 1873
Chicago, Illinois, United States
February 13, 1952
New York City, New York, United States
1951 [503]
Robert Jackson[kt] February 13, 1892
Spring Creek Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, United States
October 9, 1954
Washington, D.C., United States
1951 [504]
Emile Paulet[ku] January 11, 1914
Nieuil, Charente, France
June 17, 2007
Saint-Junien, Haute-Vienne, France
1951 [505]
Hartley Shawcross[kv] February 4, 1902
Giessen, German Empire
July 10, 2003
Cowbeech, Wealden, United Kingdom
1951 [506]
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands[kw] August 31, 1880
The Hague, Netherlands
November 28, 1962
Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands
1951 Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[507]
Louis Vauthier[kx] July 20, 1887
Le Pâquier, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
March 18, 1963
Beauchamp, France
1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 Another nominee (nominated in 1901) with the same surname have been merged with him at the nomination archive.[22]
Frank Buchman[ky] June 4, 1878
Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
August 7, 1961
Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961 [508]
Emile Dreyfus[kz] January 26, 1881
Basel, Switzerland
April 28, 1965
Basel, Switzerland
1951, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 [509]
Trygve Lie[la] July 16, 1896
Oslo, Norway
December 30, 1968
Geilo, Hol, Norway
1951, 1955, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (1946–1952)[510][511]
1952 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Philip Noel-Baker[lb] November 1, 1889
London, United Kingdom
October 8, 1982
London, United Kingdom
1952, 1953, 1954, 1959 Won the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize.[512]
Lester Bowles Pearson[lc] April 23, 1897
Newtonbrook, Toronto, Canada
December 27, 1972
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1952, 1957 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968)
Won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize.[513][514]
Louis St. Laurent February 1, 1882
Compton, Quebec, Canada
July 25, 1973
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
1952 12th Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
Nominated the only time with Lester B. Pearson.[515]
Giuseppe Antonio Borgese[ld] November 24, 1882
Polizzi Generosa, Palermo, Italy
December 4, 1952
Florence, Italy
1952 [516]
Benegal Narsing Rau[le] February 26, 1887
Mangalore, Karnataka, British India
November 30, 1953
Zürich, Switzerland
1952 [517]
Carlos Romulo[lf] January 14, 1899
Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines
December 15, 1985
Manila, Philippines
1952 [518]
Henrique Vasconcellos[lg] ?
Brazil
?
Brazil
1952 [519]
Ada Barbara Waylen[lh] 1906
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1952 [520]
Miguel Alemán Valdés[li] September 29, 1900
Sayula de Alemán, Veracruz, Mexico
May 14, 1983
Mexico City, Mexico
1952, 1953 53rd President of Mexico (1946–1952)[521]
Lorenzo Fernandez Rodriguez[lj] 1887
Chile
1953
Chile
1952, 1954, 1958 [522]
Paul Geheeb[lk] October 10, 1870
Geisa, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
May 1, 1961
Hasliberg, Switzerland
1952, 1953, 1960 [523]
Felix Kersten[ll] September 30, 1898
Tartu, Russian Empire
April 16, 1960
Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 [524][525]
Elisabeth Friederike Rotten[lm] February 15, 1882
Berlin, German Empire
May 2, 1964
London, United Kingdom
1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 [526]
1953
Eduardo Anze Matienzo[ln] October 14, 1902
Cochabamba, Bolivia
1960
Bolivia
1953 [527]
Léopold Boissier[lo] July 16, 1893
Geneva, Switzerland
October 22, 1968
Geneva, Switzerland
1953 [528]
William Orville Douglas[lp] October 16, 1898
Maine Township, Minnesota, United States
January 19, 1980
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
1953 [529]
James Warburg[lq] August 18, 1896
Hamburg, German Empire
June 3, 1969
Washington, D.C., United States
1953 [530]
Raul Fernandes[lr] October 24, 1877
Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
January 6, 1968
Rio de Janeiro, United States
1953, 1954 [531]
Frank Porter Graham[ls] October 14, 1886
Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States
February 16, 1972
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
1953, 1954 [532]
Jean-Louis Paul-Boncour[lt] July 30, 1898
Paris, France
January 2, 1973
Paris, France
1953, 1954 [533]
Alberto Lleras Camargo[lu] July 3, 1906
Bogota, Colombia
January 4, 1990
Bogota, Colombia
1953, 1954 20th President of Colombia (1958–1962)[534]
Cândido Rondon[lv] May 5, 1865
Santo Antônio do Leverger, Mato Grosso, Brazil
April 19, 1958
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1953, 1957 [535]
Margaret Higgins Sanger[lw] September 14, 1879
Corning, New York, United States
September 6, 1966
Tucson, Arizona, United States
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963 [536]
Brock Chisholm[lx] May 18, 1896
Oakville, Ontario, Canada
February 4, 1971
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
1953, 1969, 1970, 1971 [537]
Josué de Castro[ly] September 5, 1908
Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
September 24, 1973
Paris, France
1953, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1973 [538]
1954 - Prize has been awarded a year later
John Alexander Swettenham[lz] 1920
Canada
1980
Canada
1954 [539]
Helen Adams Keller[ma] June 27, 1880
Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States
June 1, 1968
Easton, Connecticut, United States
1954, 1958 [540]
Toyohiko Kagawa[mb] July 10, 1888
Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan
April 23, 1960
Tokyo, Japan
1954, 1955, 1956, 1960 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[541]
Clement Attlee[mc] January 3, 1883
London, United Kingdom
October 8, 1967
London, United Kingdom
1954, 1955, 1964 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)[542][543]
1955 - this year Prize was not awarded
Vincent Auriol[md] August 27, 1884
Revel, Haute-Garonne, France
January 1, 1966
Paris, France
1955 16th President of France (1947–1954)[544]
Gordon Rufus Clapp October 28, 1905
Ellsworth, Wisconsin, United States
April 28, 1963
New York City, United States
1955 [545]
Clement Davies[me] February 19, 1884
Llanfyllin, Powys, United Kingdom
March 23, 1962
London, United Kingdom
1955 [546]
John Foster Dulles February 25, 1888
Washington, D.C., United States
May 24, 1959
Washington, D.C., United States
1955 [547]
Kazenizade Iranschär[mf] ?
Iran
?
Iran
1955 [548]
David Lilienthal July 8, 1899
Morton, Illinois, United States
January 15, 1981
New York City, New York, United States
1955 [549]
Pierre Mendès France[mg] January 11, 1907
Paris, France
October 18, 1982
Paris, France
1955 Prime Minister of France (1954–1955)[550]
Arthur Ernest Morgan June 20, 1878
Hamilton County, Ohio, United States
November 16, 1975
Xenia, Ohio, United States
1955 [551]
Konrad Adenauer[mh] January 5, 1876
Cologne, German Empire
April 19, 1967
Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany
1955, 1956 1st Chancellor of Germany (1949–1963)[552]
Gertrud Baer[mi] November 25, 1890
Halberstadt, German Empire
December 15, 1981
Geneva, Switzerland
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 [553]
Dwight Eisenhower[mj] October 14, 1890
Denison, Texas, United States
March 28, 1969
Washington, D.C., United States
1955, 1957, 1960, 1963 34th President of the United States (1953–1961)[554]
William Tubman[mk] November 29, 1895
Harper, Liberia
July 23, 1971
London, United Kingdom
1955, 1964 19th President of Liberia (1944–1971)[555]
1956 - this year Prize was not awarded
Jules Rimet October 14, 1873
Theuley, Haute-Saône, France
October 16, 1956
Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France
1956 [556]
Juho Kusti Paasikivi[ml] November 27, 1870
Hämeenkoski, Russian Empire
December 14, 1956
Helsinki, Finland
1956 7th President of Finland (1946–1956)[557]
Earl Anglin James[mm] April 23, 1901
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
December 12, 1977
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1956 [558]
Eugen Relgis March 22, 1895
Iași, Romania
May 24, 1987
Montevideo, Uruguay
1956 [559]
Howard G. Kurtz Jr. October 14, 1907
Ardmore, Pennsylvania, United States
May 22, 1997
Washington, D.C., United States
1956 Nominated jointly with ICAO, IATA and IFALPA the only time by Oliver J. Lissitzyn (1912-1994)[560]
Pablo Casals[mn] December 29, 1876
El Vendrell, Tarragona, Spain
October 22, 1973
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1956, 1958, 1959 [561]
Martin Buber[mo] February 8, 1878
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
June 13, 1965
Jerusalem, Israel
1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[562]
Frank Laubach[mp] September 2, 1884
Benton, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States
June 11, 1970
Syracuse, New York, United States
1956, 1957, 1965, 1966, 1969 [563]
1957
Dominique Pire[mq] February 10, 1910
Dinant, Belgium
January 30, 1969
Leuven, Belgium
1957, 1958 Won the 1958 Nobel Peace Prize.[564][565]
Dag Hammarskjöld[mr] July 29, 1905
Jönköping, Sweden
September 18, 1961
Ndola, Zambia
1957, 1961 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations (1953–1961)
Won the 1961 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded posthumously.[566]
Jan Antonín Baťa[ms] March 7, 1898
Uherské Hradiště, Moravia, Austria-Hungary
August 23, 1965
São Paulo, Brazil
1957 [567]
Ole Fredrik Olden[mt] June 10, 1879
Stavanger, Norway
February 19, 1963
Stavanger, Norway
1957 [568]
Alfred Parker[mu] 1897
United States
1964
United States
1957 [569]
Charles-André Gibrin[mv] 1892
France
1974
France
1957, 1958 [570]
Boris Gourevitch[mw] July 8, 1889
Kyiv, Russian Empire
April 4, 1964
Manhattan, New York, United States
1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 [571]
1958
Joseph Paul-Boncour[mx] August 4, 1873
Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher, France
March 28, 1972
Paris, France
1958 Prime Minister of France (1932–1933)[572]
Józef Retinger[my] April 17, 1888
Kraków, Galicia, Austria-Hungary
June 12, 1960
London, United Kingdom
1958 [573]
Mehr Chand Davar[mz] April 24, 1913
Gujranwala, Punjab, British India
November 9, 1977
New Delhi, India
1958, 1970 [574][575]
Norman Cousins[na] June 24, 1915
Union City, New Jersey, United States
November 30, 1990
Los Angeles, California, United States
1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1972 [576]
1959
Gunnar Myrdal[nb] December 6, 1898
Skattungbyn, Sweden
May 17, 1987
Danderyd, Sweden
1959, 1970 Shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek.[577]
Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell[nc] February 22, 1889
Chesterfield, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
June 25, 1977
Bramley, Surrey United Kingdom
1959 [578]
Andrew Cordier March 1, 1901
Canton, Ohio, United States
July 11, 1975
Manhasset, New York, United States
1959 [579]
Robert Debré[nd] December 7, 1882
Sedan, Ardennes, France
April 29, 1978
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
1959 [580]
Werenfried van Straaten[ne] January 17, 1913
Mijdrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
January 13, 2003
Bad Soden, Hesse, Germany
1959 [581]
Konstantinos Diamantopoulos[nf] ?
Greece
?
Greece
1959, 1960[582] [583]
Norman Bentwich[ng] February 28, 1883
Hampstead, United Kingdom
April 8, 1971
London, United Kingdom
1959, 1961 [584]
Louis Sohn[nh] March 1, 1914
Lviv, Austria-Hungary
June 7, 2006
Falls Church, Virginia, United States
1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 [585]
Grenville Clark[ni] November 5, 1882
New York City, New York, United States
January 13, 1967
Dublin, New Hampshire, United States
1959, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1967 [586][587]

1960–1969

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1960 - Prize has been awarded a year later
Beniamino Bufano[nj] October 15, 1890
San Fele, Potenza Italy
August 18, 1970
San Francisco, California, United States
1960 [588]
William John Henry Boetcker December 29, 1873
Hamburg, German Empire
December 29, 1962
Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
1960 [589]
Oskar Helmer[nk] November 16, 1887
Gattendorf, German Empire
February 13, 1963
Vienna, Austria
1960 [590]
Nobusuke Kishi[nl] November 13, 1896
Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Japan
August 7, 1987
Tokyo, Japan
1960 Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)[591]
Howard Rusk[nm] April 9, 1901
Brookfield, Missouri, United States
November 4, 1989
Manhattan, New York, United States
1960 [592]
Bichare Tabbah[nn] September 26, 1891
Beirut, Ottoman Empire
December 30, 1970
Beirut, Lebanon
1960 [593]
Félix Kir[no] January 22, 1876
Alise-Sainte-Reine, Côte-d'Or, France
April 26, 1968
Dijon, Côte-d'Or, France
1960, 1961 [594]
Arnold Zweig November 10, 1887
Glogau, German Empire
November 26, 1968
East Berlin, East Germany
1960, 1961 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[595]
Basil O'Connor[np] January 8, 1892
Taunton, Massachusetts, United States
March 9, 1972
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 [596]
Eugene R. Black Sr.[nq] May 1, 1898
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
February 20, 1992
Oakwood, Oklahoma, United States
1960, 1963 [597]
Charles Braibant[nr] March 31, 1889
Villemomble, Paris, France
April 23, 1976
Paris, France
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967 [598]
Hermann Gmeiner[ns] June 23, 1919
Alberschwende, Vorarlberg, Austria
April 26, 1986
Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968 [599]
Frederick P. Burdick[nt]
(prob. Eugene Burdick (1918–1965))
?
United States
?
United States
1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 [600]
Raoul Follereau[nu] August 17, 1903
Nevers, Nièvre, France
December 6, 1977
Paris, France
1960, 1963, 1969, 1970 [601]
Cyrus Eaton[nv] December 27, 1883
Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada
May 9, 1979
Northfield, Ohio, United States
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 [602][603]
Umberto Campagnolo[nw] March 25, 1904
Este, Veneto, Italy
September 25, 1976
Este, Veneto, Italy
1960, 1961, 1973 [604]
1961
Albert Lutuli[nx] November 30, 1897
Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
July 21, 1967
KwaDukuza, South Africa
1961 Won the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[605]
Linus Pauling[ny] February 28, 1901
Portland, Oregon, United States
August 19, 1994
Big Sur, California, United States
1961, 1962, 1963 Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize but was awarded the following year.[606][nz]
Arnaldo Fortini[oa] December 13, 1889
Assisi, Perugia, Italy
May 15, 1970
Assisi, Perugia, Italy
1961 [607]
José María González García[ob] 1880
Colombia
1966
Colombia
1961 [608]
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders[oc] June 25, 1878
Berlin, German Empire
March 23, 1966
West Berlin, West Germany
1961 [609]
Henri Rolin May 3, 1891
Ghent, Belgium
April 20, 1973
Paris, France
1961 [610]
Angelo Jaquinto[od] ?
Italy
?
Italy
1961 Nominated the only time with Salvatore Jaquinto.[611]
Salvatore Jaquinto[od] ?
Italy
?
Italy
1961, 1962 [612]
Gertrud Kurz-Hohl[oe] March 15, 1890
Lutzenberg, Switzerland
June 26, 1972
Lutzenberg, Switzerland
1961, 1962 [613]
Giulia Scappino Murena[of] 1902
Italy
1970s (or prob. 1967)
Riccione, Rimini, Italy
1961, 1962 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[614]
Lotta Hitschmanova[og] November 28, 1909
Prague, Bohemia, Autria-Hungary
August 1, 1990
Ottawa, Canada
1961, 1962 [615]
Carl Lutz[oh] March 30, 1895
Walzenhausen, Switzerland
February 12, 1975
Bern, Switzerland
1961, 1962, 1963 [616]
Luigi Spinelli[oi] ?
?
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 [617]
Fenner Brockway[oj] November 1, 1888
Kolkata, West Bengal, British India
April 28, 1988
Watford, Central London, United Kingdom
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1969 [618]
Vinoba Bhave[ok] September 11, 1895
Pen, Maharashtra, British India
November 15, 1982
Wardha, Maharashtra, India
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 [619]
Charles Henry Alexandrowicz[ol] October 13, 1902
Lviv, Austria-Hungary
September 26, 1975
Vienna, Austria
1961, 1962, 1964, 1972 [620]
Danilo Dolci[om] June 28, 1924
Sežana, Yugoslavia
December 30, 1997
Partinico, Italy
1961, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 [621][622]
Jules Moch March 15, 1893
Paris, France
July 31, 1985
Cabris, Alpes-Maritimes, France
1961, 1973 [623]
1962
Maude Miner Hadden[on] June 29, 1880 Leyden, Massachusetts United States April 14, 1967
Palm Beach, Florida, United States
1962 [624]
Urho Kekkonen[oo] September 3, 1900
Pielavesi, Russian Empire
August 31, 1986
Helsinki, Finland
1962 8th President of Finland (1956–1982)[625]
John Fitzgerald Kennedy May 29, 1917
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
November 22, 1963
Dallas, Texas, United States
1962 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)[626]
Rajah Manikam ?
India
?
India
1962 [627][628]
Charles Richet December 11, 1882
Paris, France
July 17, 1966
France
1962 [629]
Eli Stanley Jones[op] January 3, 1884
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
January 25, 1973
Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
1962, 1963 [630]
Fritz von Unruh[oq] May 10, 1885
Koblenz, German Empire
November 28, 1970
Diez, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany
1962, 1963, 1966, 1968 [631][632]
James William Fulbright[or] April 9, 1906
Sumner, Missouri, United States
February 9, 1995
Washington, D.C., United States
1962, 1967, 1972 [633]
1963
Bertrand Russell[os] May 18, 1872
Trellech, Monmouthshire, United Kingdom
February 2, 1970
Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
1963, 1967 Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature.[634]
Domenico Antonio Cardone January 21, 1894
Palmi, Calabria, Italy
September 18, 1986
Palmi, Calabria, Italy
1963 [635]
Catherine Devilliers[ot] 1894
France
1972
France
1963 [636]
Heinrich Grüber[ou] June 24, 1891
Stolberg, German Empire
November 29, 1975
West Berlin, West Germany
1963 [637]
Stella Monk[ov] ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1963 [638]
Fook-Wo Poon[ow] ?
China
?
China
1963 [639]
Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki[ox] October 18, 1870
Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
July 12, 1966
Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
1963 [640]
Stephen Galatti[oy] August 6, 1888
Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, United States
July 13, 1964
Rhinebeck, New York, United States
1963, 1964 [641]
Adolfo López Mateos[oz] May 26, 1909
Ciudad López Mateos, Mexico
September 22, 1969
Mexico City, Mexico
1963, 1964 55th President of Mexico (1958–1964)[642]
Gordon Gilkey[pa] March 10, 1912
Linn County, Oregon, United States
October 28, 2000
Portland, Oregon, United States
1963, 1964 [643]
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi[pb] January 12, 1918
Rajim, Chhattisgarh, British India
February 5, 2008
Vlodrop, Roerdalen, Netherlands
1963, 1964 [644]
Paul Gray Hoffman[pc] April 26, 1891
Western Springs, Illinois, United States
October 8, 1974
New York City, New York, United States
1963, 1966, 1970 [645][646]
Josip Broz Tito[pd] May 7, 1892
Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary
May 4, 1980
Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
1963, 1973 President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)[647]
1964
Martin Luther King Jr.[pe] January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
April 4, 1968
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
1964 Won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.[648]
Jess Gorkin[pf] October 23, 1913
Rochester, New York, United States
February 19, 1985
Longboat Key, Florida, United States
1964 [649]
Josef Hromádka[pg] June 8, 1889
Hodslavice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary
December 26, 1969
Prague, Czechoslovakia
1964 [650]
Lyndon Baines Johnson[ph] August 27, 1908
Stonewall, Texas, United States
January 22, 1973
Stonewall, Texas, United States
1964 36th President of the United States (1963–1969)[651]
Woodland Kahler[pi] February 6, 1895
Dallas, Texas, United States
July 31, 1981
Bangor, Maine, United States
1964 [652]
Joseph Needham[pj] December 9, 1900
London, United Kingdom
March 24, 1995
Cambridge, United Kingdom
1964 [653]
Paul-Henri Spaak[pk] January 25, 1899
Schaerbeek, Belgium
July 31, 1972
Braine-l'Alleud, Walloon Brabant, Belgium
1964 [654]
Norman Thomas[pl] November 20, 1884
Marion, Ohio, United States
December 19, 1968
Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States
1964 [655]
Hans Thirring[pm] March 23, 1888
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
March 22, 1976
Vienna, Austria
1964, 1965 [656]
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi[pn] October 26, 1919
Tehran, Iran
July 27, 1980
Cairo, Egypt
1964, 1967 Last King of Iran (1941–1979)[657]
Guido Guida[po] December (or September) 11, 1897
Trapani, Italy
February 19, 1969
Roma, Italy
1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 [658]
Abraham Vereide[pp] October 7, 1886
Gloppen, Norway
May 16, 1969
Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 [659][660]
Marc Joux[pq] ?
France
?
France
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [661]
1965
David Dove Carver August 1903
United Kingdom
May 1974
St Pancras, London, United Kingdom
1965 [662]
Arne Geijer[pr] May 7, 1910
Söderala, Söderhamn, Sweden
January 27, 1979
Stockholm, Sweden
1965 [663]
Mohammad Hejazi[ps] April 14, 1900
Tehran, Iran
January 30, 1974
Tehran, Iran
1965 [664]
Galo Plaza[pt] February 17, 1906
New York City, New York, United States
January 28, 1987
Quito, Ecuador
1965 29th President of Ecuador (1948–1952)[665]
Adlai Stevenson II[pu] February 5, 1900
Los Angeles, California, United States
July 14, 1965
London, United Kingdom
1965 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[666]
Shigeru Yoshida[pv] September 22, 1878
Yokosuka, Kinagawa, Japan
October 20, 1967
Tokyo, Japan
1965, 1966, 1967 [667]
U Thant[pw] January 22, 1909
Pantanaw, Maubin, Myanmar
December 25, 1974
New York City, New York, United States
1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972 3rd Secretary-General of the United Nations (1962–1971)[668][669]
Pope Paul VI[px] September 26, 1897
Concesio, Brescia, Italy
August 6, 1978
Castel Gandolfo, Rome, Italy
1965, 1967, 1972 262nd Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1963–1978)[670]
1966 - this year Prize was not awarded
Hideki Yukawa January 23, 1907
Tokyo, Japan
September 8, 1981
Kyoto, Japan
1966 Won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physics.[671]
Jan Tinbergen[py] April 12, 1903
The Hague, Netherlands
June 9, 1994
The Hague, Netherlands
1966, 1968 Shared the 1969 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Ragnar Frisch.[672]
Habib Bourguiba[pz] August 3, 1903
Monastir, French Tunisia
April 6, 2000
Monastir, Tunisia
1966 1st President of Tunisia (1957–1987)[673]
Joseph Leo Cardijn[qa] November 13, 1882
Schaerbeek, Belgium
July 24, 1967
Leuven, Belgium
1966 [674]
Martin Niemöller January 14, 1892
Lippstadt, German Empire
March 6, 1984
Wiesbaden, Hesse, West Germany
1966 [675]
Léopold Sédar Senghor[qb] October 9, 1906
Joal-Fadiouth, M'Bour, Senegal
December 20, 2001
Verson, Calvados, France
1966 1st President of Senegal (1960–1980) and nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too..[676]
Adam Rapacki[qc] December 24, 1909
Lviv, Austria-Hungary
October 10, 1970
Warsaw, Poland
1966, 1968 [677]
Joaquín Sanz Gadea[qd] June 30, 1930
Teruel, Spain
May 25, 2019
Madrid, Spain
1966, 1968, 1969 [678]
Sri Kathiresu Ramachandra[qe] 1895
Colombo, Sri Lanka
1976
Colombo, Sri Lanka
1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 [679][680]
1967 - this year Prize was not awarded
Abbé Pierre August 5, 1912
Lyon, Rhône, France
January 22, 2007
Paris, France
1967 [681]
Harry Elias Edmonds 1883
United States
July 6, 1979
Clifton Springs, New York, United States
1967 [682]
Ernest Gruening February 6, 1887
New York City, New York, United States
June 26, 1974
Washington, D.C., United States
1967 Jointly nominated only.[683][684]
Wayne Morse October 20, 1900
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
July 22, 1974
Portland, Oregon, United States
Kurt Hahn June 5, 1886
Berlin, German Empire
December 14, 1974
Salem, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
1967 [685]
Thích Nhất Hạnh October 11, 1926
Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, French Indochina
January 22, 2022
Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam
1967 [686][687]
William Ernest Hocking August 10, 1873
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
June 12, 1966
Madison, New Hampshire, United States
1967 Posthumously nominated.[688]
İsmet İnönü September 24, 1884
İzmir, Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey)
December 25, 1973
Ankara, Turkey
1967 2nd President of Turkey (1938–1950)[689]
Danny Kaye January 18, 1911
Brooklyn, New York, United States
March 3, 1987
Los Angeles, California, United States
1967 [690]
Das Moni Roy February 12, 1895
Memari, West Bengal, British India
?
India
1967 [691]
Sargent Shriver November 9, 1915
Westminster, Maryland, United States
January 18, 2011
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
1967 [692]
Isidor Feinstein Stone December 24, 1907
Philadelphia, United States
June 18, 1989
Boston, United States
1967 [693]
Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire September 7, 1917
Chester, Cheshire, United Kingdom
July 31, 1992
Cavendish, Suffolk, United Kingdom
1967 Nominated the only time jointly with Sue Ryder Cheshire by R.C.Cotton[694]
David Abner Morse May 31, 1907
New York, United States
December 1, 1990
New York, United States
1967 Nominated the only time by L.S.Senghor[695]
Binay Ranjan Sen[qf] January 1, 1898
Dibrugarh, Assam, British India
June 12, 1993
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
1967, 1968 [696][697]
Sue Ryder Cheshire[qg] July 3, 1924
Leeds, United Kingdom
November 2, 2000
Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, United Kingdom
1967, 1968 [698][699]
William P. Holman September 21, 1914
Salem, Oregon, United States
May 22, 2003
Claremont, California, United States
1967, 1968 [700][701]
Quincy Wright[qh] December 28, 1890
Medford, Massachusetts, United States
October 17, 1970
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
1967, 1970 [702]
Charles Rhyne June 23, 1912
Charlotteville, Pennsylvania, United States
July 27, 2003
McLean, Virginia United States
1967, 1972 [703]
1968
Norman Borlaug[qi] March 25, 1914
Cresco, Iowa, United States
September 12, 2009
Dallas, Texas, United States
1968, 1969, 1970 Won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize[704]
Alfonso García Robles[qj] March 20, 1911
Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico
September 2, 1991
Mexico City, Mexico
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 Shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alva Myrdal.[705][706]
Yoshio Koya[qk] 1890
Japan
1974
Japan
1968 [707]
Eric Wyndham White[ql] January 26, 1913
London, United Kingdom
January 27, 1980
Ferney-Voltaire, Ain, France
1968 [708]
Y. C. James Yen[qm] October 26, 1893
Bazhong, Sichuan, China
January 17, 1990
New York City, New York, United States
1968 [709]
Halvard Lange[qn] September 16, 1902
Oslo, Norway
May 19, 1970
Oslo, Norway
1968 [710]
Ralph K. White[qo] December 9, 1907
Detroit, Michigan, United States
December 25, 1993
Cockeysville, Michigan, United States
1968 [711]
John S. Knight[qp] October 26, 1894
Bluefield, West Virginia, United States
June 16, 1981
Akron, Ohio, United States
1968 [712]
Frans Hemerijckx[qq] August 18, 1902
Ninove, East Flanders, Belgium
October 14, 1969
Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
1968 [713]
Vicenç Ferrer Moncho[qr] April 9, 1920
Barcelona, Spain
June 19, 2009
Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
1968 [714]
René Maheu[qs] March 28, 1905
Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, France
December 19, 1975
Paris, France
1968, 1969 [715]
Ernst Bloch[qt] July 8, 1885
Ludwigshafen, German Empire
August 4, 1977
Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
1968, 1969 [716]
John Collins[qu] March 23, 1905
Cambridge, United Kingdom
December 31, 1982
London, United Kingdom
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [717]
1969
Giorgio La Pira[qv] January 9, 1904
Pozzallo, Ragusa, Italy
November 5, 1977
Florence, Italy
1969 [718]
André Emmanuel Beauguitte July 6, 1901
Paris, France
June 20, 1986
Paris, France
1969 [719]
Alexander Dubček[qw] November 27, 1921
Uhrovec, Bánovce nad Bebravou, Czechoslovakia
November 7, 1992
Prague, Czechoslovakia
1969 [720]
William Chapman Foster[qx] April 27, 1897
Westfield, New Jersey, United States
October 15, 1984
Washington, D.C., United States
1969 [721]
John D. Rockefeller III[qy] March 21, 1906
New York City, New York, United States
July 10, 1978
Mount Pleasant, New York, United States
1969 [722]
Noam Chomsky[qz] December 7, 1928
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
1969 [723]
Harry Willis Miller[ra] July 1, 1879
Ludlow Falls, Ohio, United States
January 1, 1977
Riverside, California, United States
1969 [724]
Kaoru Hatoyama[rb] November 21, 1888
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
August 15, 1982
Tokyo, Japan
1969 [725]
William Bertalan Walsh[rc] April 26, 1920
Brooklyn, New York, United States
December 27, 1996
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
1969 [726]
Jogesh Chandra Bhattacharya c. 1895
British India
April 2, 1960
India
1969 Posthumously nominated.[727]
Herman B. Wells[rd] June 7, 1902
Jamestown, Indiana, United States
March 18, 2000
Bloomington, Indiana, United States
1969 [728]
Jayaprakash Narayan October 11, 1902
Chhapra, Bihar, British India
October 8, 1979
Patna, Bihar, India
1969 Nominated the only time with Vinoba Bhave.[729]
Athenagoras I of Constantinople[re] March 25, 1886
Vasiliko, Ioannina, Greece
July 7, 1972
Istanbul, Turkey
1969 268th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1948–1972)
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[730]
Paul Dudley White[rf] June 6, 1886
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
October 31, 1973
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
1969, 1970 [731]
Alfred Verdroß-Droßberg[rg] February 2, 1890
Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria-Hungary
April 27, 1980
Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
1969, 1970 [732][733]
George Radwanski[rh] February 28, 1947
Baden-Baden, Allied-occupied Germany
September 18, 2014
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1969, 1972 [734]
Charles Kaisel Bliss[ri] September 5, 1897
Chernivtsi, Russian Empire
July 13, 1985
Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [735]
Spurgeon Milton Keeny[rj] July 16, 1893
Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania, United States
October 20, 1988
Washington, D.C., United States
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [736]

1970–1974

[edit]

Nominees are published 50 years later so 1974 nominees should be published at the beginning of 2025.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1970
Alva Reimer-Myrdal[nb] January 31, 1902
Uppsala, Sweden
February 1, 1986
Stockholm, Sweden
1970 Shared the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles.[737]
Elie Wiesel[rk] September 30, 1928
Sighet, Romania
July 2, 2016
Manhattan, New York, United States
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize and nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature too.[738]
François Duvalier[rl] April 14, 1907
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
April 21, 1971
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
1970 34th President of Haiti (1957–1971)[739]
Britta Holmström[rm] April 8, 1911
Jönköping, Sweden
October 4, 1992
Lund, Sweden
1970 [740]
Eugene Carson Blake[rn] November 7, 1906
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
July 31, 1985
Stamford, Connecticut, United States
1970, 1971, 1972 [741]
Isaac Lewin[ro] January 14, 1906
Wieliczka, Galicia, Austria-Hungary
August 25, 1995
New York City, New York, United States
1970, 1973 [742]
Hélder Câmara[rp] February 7, 1909
Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
August 27, 1999
Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [743]
1971
Willy Brandt[rq] December 18, 1913
Lübeck, German Empire
October 8, 1992
Unkel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
1971 4th Chancellor of West Germany (1969–1974)
Won the 1971 Nobel Peace Prize[744]
Buckminster Fuller[rr] July 12, 1895
Milton, Massachusetts, United States
July 1, 1983
Los Angeles, California, United States
1971 [745]
Arvid Pardo[rs] February 12, 1914
Rome, Italy
June 19, 1999
Seattle, Washington, United States
1971 [746]
Cesar Chavez[rt] March 31, 1927
Yuma, Arizona, United States
April 23, 1993
San Luis, Arizona, United States
1971 [747]
Herbert York[ru] November 24, 1921
Rochester, New York, United States
May 19, 2009
San Diego, California, United States
1971 [748]
Louise Weiss January 25, 1893
Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France
May 26, 1983
Paris, France
1971 [749]
Tage Erlander[rv] June 13, 1901
Munkfors, Sweden
June 21, 1985
Huddinge, Sweden
1971 Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)[750]


Jointly nominated only


22nd Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951, 1955–1965)[751]
Einar Gerhardsen[rv] May 10, 1897
Asker, Norway
September 19, 1987
Oslo, Norway
Lyudmil Stoyanov[rw] February 6, 1886
Kovachevitsa, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
April 11, 1973
Sofia, Bulgaria
1971 [752]
Randolph Parker Compton[rx] March 18, 1892
Macon, Missouri, United States
September 15, 1987
White Plains, New York, United States
1971 [753]
Carl Bonnevie[ry] April 28, 1881
Trondheim, Norway
September 26, 1972
Oslo, Norway
1971 [754]
Stefan Wyszyński[rz] August 3, 1901
Zuzela, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
May 28, 1981
Warsaw, Poland
1971, 1972 [755]
Francisco Arasa Bernaus[sa] ?
Spain
November 6, 1997
Spain
1971, 1972 [756]
Michail Stasinopoulos[sb] July 27, 1903
Kalamata, Greece
October 31, 2002 Athens,
Greece
1971, 1972 1st President of Greece (1974–1975)[757]
Jean Monnet[sc] November 9, 1888
Cognac, Charente, France
March 16, 1979
Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, Yvelines, France
1971, 1972, 1973 [758]
Jean Chazal de Mauriac June 4, 1907
Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loie, France
April 2, 1991
Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
1971, 1973 [759]
Cláudio Villas-Bôas[sd] December 8, 1916
Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
March 1, 1998
Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
1971, 1972, 1973 [760]


Jointly nominated only


[761]
Orlando Villas-Bôas[sd] January 12, 1914
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil
December 12, 2002
Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
1972 - this year Prize was not awarded[762]
Seán MacBride January 26, 1904
Paris, France
January 15, 1988
Dublin, Ireland
1972,[763] 1973[764] Shared the 1974 Nobel Peace Prize with E.Satō
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu August 26, 1910
Skopje, Ottoman Empire
September 5, 1997
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
1972 Won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize[765]
Daniel Berrigan May 9, 1921
Virginia, Minnesota, United States
April 30, 2016
New York City, New York, United States
1972 Jointly nominated only.[766]
Philip Berrigan October 5, 1923
Two Harbors, Minnesota, United States
December 6, 2002
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
William H. Chapman ?
United States
?
United States
1972 [767]
Ranganath R. Diwakar September 30, 1894
Dharwad, Karnataka, British India
January 15, 1990
India
1972 [768]
Lev Dobriansky November 9, 1918
New York City, New York, United States
January 30, 2008
Springfield, Virginia, United States
1972 [769]
Billy Graham November 7, 1918
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
February 21, 2018
Montreat, North Carolina, United States
1972 [770]
Isabelle Grant July 3, 1896
Lossiemouth, Moray, United Kingdom
June 1, 1977
London, United Kingdom
1972 [771]
Edward Heath July 9, 1916
Broadstairs, United Kingdom
July 17, 2005
Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
1972 Heath: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970–1974)

Jointly nominated only.[772]
Roy Jenkins November 11, 1920
Abersychan, Torfaen, United Kingdom
January 5, 2003
East Hendred, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Alexandre Marc January 19, 1904
Odesa, Russian Empire
February 22, 2000
Vence, Alpes Maritimes, France
1972 [773]
Ralph Nader 27 February 1934
Winsted, Connecticut, United States
1972 [774]
Elise Ottesen-Jensen January 2, 1886
Høyland, Norway
September 4, 1973
Stockholm, Sweden
1972 [775]
Annie Skau Berntsen May 29, 1911
Oslo, Norway
November 26, 1992
Horten, Norway
1972 [776]
Helen Suzman 7 November 1917
Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa
1 January 2009
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
1972 [777]
Pierre Trudeau October 18, 1919
Montreal, Canada
September 28, 2000
Montreal, Canada
1972 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1980–1984)[778]
1973[762]
Henry Kissinger May 27, 1923
Fürth, Bavaria, Germany
November 29, 2023
Kent, Connecticut, United States
1973 Shared the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize but Lê Đức Thọ declined his share.[779]
Lê Đức Thọ October 10, 1911
Nam Trực, Nam Định, French Indochina
October 13, 1990
Hanoi, Vietnam
Pearl S. Buck June 26, 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States
March 6, 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States
1973 Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[780]
Napoleón Bilbao Rioja ?
Bolivia
?
Bolivia
1973 [781]
Sri Chinmoy August 27, 1931
Chittagong, British India
October 11, 2007
New York City, United States
1973 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.[782]
Andrew W. Cordier March 1, 1901
Canton, Ohio, United States
July 11, 1975
Manhasset, New York, United States
1973 [783]
Daniel Ellsberg April 7, 1931
Chicago, Illinois, United States
June 16, 2023
Kensington, California, United States
1973 [784]
Indira Gandhi November 19, 1917
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, British India
October 31, 1984
New Delhi, India
1973 3rd Prime Minister of India (1966–1977, 1980–1984)[785]
Robert S. Hartman January 27, 1910
Berlin, German Empire
September 20, 1973
Mexico City, Mexico
1973 [786]
Jomo Kenyatta c. 1897
Ngenda, Gatundu, Kenya Colony
August 22, 1978
Mombasa, Kenya
1973 1st President of Kenya (1964–1978)[787]
Luis Kutner June 9, 1908
Chicago, Illinois, United States
March 1, 1993
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1973 [788]
Paul-Émile Léger April 26, 1904
Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec, Canada
November 13, 1991
Montreal, Canada
1973 [789]
Richard Nixon January 9, 1913
Yorba Linda, California, United States
April 22, 1994
New York City, United States
1973 37th President of the United States (1969–1974)[790]
Marcelo Nubla September 12, 1898
Manila, Philippines
November 12, 1985
Philippines
1973 [791]
Samuel Pisar March 18, 1929
Białystok, Podlaskie, Poland
July 27, 2015
New York City, United States
1973 [792]
Jeannette Rankin June 11, 1880
Missoula, Montana, United States
May 18, 1973
Carmel, California, United States
1973 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[793]
Adam Schaff March 10, 1913
Lviv, Austria-Hungary
November 12, 2006
Warsaw, Poland
1973 [794]
Gerard C. Smith May 4, 1913
New York City, United States
July 4, 1994
Easton, Maryland, United States
1973 [795]
Joseph Gabriel Starke November 16, 1911
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
February 24, 2006
Canberra, Australia
1973 [796]
Fernando Tamayo Tamayo February 13, 1950
Palermo, Boyacá, Colombia
April 13, 2018
Bogotá, Colombia
1973 [797]
Trần Minh Tiết December 28, 1922
Cam Lộ, Quảng Trị, French Indochina
April 18, 1986
Monterey Park, California, United States
1973 [798]
Kurt Waldheim December 21, 1918
Sankt Andrä-Wördern, Tulln, Austria
June 14, 2007
Vienna, Austria
1973 4th Secretary-General of the United Nations (1972–1981)[799]
1974
to be revealed in 2025

Statistics

[edit]
Official statistics of Nobel Peace Prize nominees (1901–1971)
Year Total Organizations
nominated
Female
nominees
Newly
nominated
Most nominated Source
Nominations Nominees
1901 137 35 6 2 Frédéric Passy (41) [800]
1902 105 27 5 1 11 Institute of International Law (25) [801]
1903 65 25 5 2 9 Institute of International Law (19) [802]
1904 69 22 4 1 8 Bertha von Suttner (19) [803]
1905 82 24 7 3 4 Bertha von Suttner (27) [804]
1906 87 29 6 0 10 Thomas Barclay (12) [805]
1907 83 23 2 1 7 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (21) [806]
1908 71 31 7 0 8 Fredrik Bajer (11) [807]
1909 46 26 3 0 11 International Peace Bureau (14) [808]
1910 71 29 5 2 11 International Peace Bureau (28) [809]
1911 67 34 6 2 11 Alfred Hermann Fried (18) [810]
1912 64 38 8 0 9 Adolf Richter (9) [811]
1913 77 51 10 3 13 Nathan Ejersa Alemu (12) [812]
1914 66 31 4 1 7 Otto Umfrid (29) [813]
1915 73 39 12 0 12 Albert I of Belgium (29) [814]
1916 27 25 12 1 4 Émile Arnaud (3) and
Central Organization for Durable Peace (3)
[815]
1917 22 20 7 1 4 Émile Arnaud (3) and
Swedish Peace and Arbitration League (3)
[816]
1918 25 22 11 0 3 Carl Sundblad (3) and
Young Men's Christian Association (3)
[817]
1919 28 13 3 1 3 Woodrow Wilson (11) [818]
1920 33 19 5 1 5 Woodrow Wilson (10) [819]
1921 17 12 2 0 4 Christian Lous Lange (3) and
Hans Jacob Horst (3)
[820]
1922 42 32 7 3 15 Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster (5) [821]
1923 91 35 9 2 8 Jane Addams (30) [822]
1924 53 31 8 2 10 Inter-Parliamentary Union (9) [823]
1925 73 26 7 1 5 André Weiss (17) [824]
1926 72 33 6 0 15 Aristide Briand (12) and
Nathan Söderblom (12)
[825]
1927 37 26 5 1 5 Ludwig Quidde (9) [826]
1928 50 24 3 2 3 Robert Baden-Powell (10) [827]
1929 79 32 6 3 11 Jane Addams (38) [828]
1930 73 39 9 1 15 Frank B. Kellogg (10) [829]
1931 75 44 11 3 18 Jane Addams (6) and
International Peace Bureau (6)
[830]
1932 74 38 7 1 14 Alejandro Álvarez (6) and
Herbert Runham Brown (6)
[831]
1933 85 55 8 1 14 Norman Angell (9) [832]
1934 103 48 7 1 17 The Hague Academy of International Law (14) [833]
1935 111 38 11 3 11 Afrânio de Melo Franco (43) [834]
1936 196 46 8 4 15 Carl von Ossietzky (86) [835]
1937 63 40 8 4 9 Robert Cecil (5) and
Relief Committee for Exiled Pacifists (5)
[836]
1938 90 39 11 1 10 Cordell Hull (15) [837]
1939 59 24 4 1 6 Edvard Beneš (11) [838]
1940 No nominations due to World War II. [839]
1941 3 3 0 0 0 [840]
1942 No nominations due to World War II. [841]
1943 [842]
1944 [843]
1945 18 11 3 0 5 International Committee of the Red Cross (10) [844]
1946 31 11 3 2 5 Emily Greene Balch (13) [845]
1947 25 21 4 2 11 Mohandas Gandhi (3) and
Alexandra Kollontai (3)
[846]
1948 79 24 2 2 11 Raoul Wallenberg (22) [847]
1949 48 29 6 3 9 José Gustavo Guerrero (7) [848]
1950 77 31 6 1 15 Clarence Streit (21) [849]
1951 103 35 6 2 13 Frank Buchman (16) [850]
1952 77 30 4 2 13 Frank Buchman (22) [851]
1953 101 38 5 1 12 Frank Buchman (25) [852]
1954 54 24 6 2 4 Frank Buchman (13) [853]
1955 66 37 5 3 14 Clement Davies (8) [854]
1956 53 28 5 3 7 Frank Buchman (12) [855]
1957 37 25 3 2 7 Cândido Rondon (6) [856]
1958 52 26 5 2 3 International Chamber of Commerce (10) [857]
1959 43 32 5 4 9 Grenville Clark (9) [858]
1960 69 31 0 2 16 Margaret Sanger (20) [859]
1961 131 41 3 5 18 Universal Esperanto Association (33) [860]
1962 77 38 6 5 8 Universal Esperanto Association (27) [861]
1963 213 51 9 3 13 Hermann Gmeiner (62) [862]
1964 92 43 8 0 13 Hermann Gmeiner (25) [863]
1965 78 31 7 0 8 Universal Esperanto Association (31) [864]
1966 61 33 7 0 9 Paul G. Hoffman (11) [865]
1967 95 47 10 1 18 Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi (11) [866]
1968 78 48 14 1 17 Halvard Lange (9) [867]
1969 75 45 10 1 18 International Labour Organization (13) [868]
1970 70 39 11 2 12 Hélder Câmara (9) [869]
1971 86 40 7 1 20 Universal Esperanto Association (12) [870]
1972 to be revealed in 2023 [871]

See also

[edit]

Motivations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Passy's career as a peace worker began in 1856 with his opposition to the Crimean War. In 1867 he founded the first French peace society ('Ligue internationale et permanente de la paix'). Passy promoted free trade, pacifism, international law and arbitration. As a member of parliament (1881-1889), he also contributed to the founding of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
  2. ^ "Dunant was one of the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross and he was the initiator of the Geneva Convention."
  3. ^ "Ducommun was the unpaid leader of the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and his work was therefore closely connected to it. He actively started working for peace in 1867 when he participated at the foundation of Ligue de la Paix et de la Liberté. He advocated a pragmatic and practical approach to peace work, and he promoted international arbitration."
  4. ^ "Gobat was secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. He was one of the leading administrators in the peace movement."
  5. ^ "Cremer established the International Arbitration League in 1870. He initiated an arbitration treaty between Great Britain and the United States. Cremer organized and promoted inter-parliamentary peace conferences, and he was editor of the journal The Arbitrato. He was the only labor leader in the peace movement and he promoted brotherhood between the working classes in England and France. Cremer was also one of the founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
  6. ^ "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down Your Arms), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
  7. ^ "Bloch was nominated for his work The Future of War in its Technical, Economic and Political Relation (6 vols., 1898). One of his conclusions was that there would be no decisive victories in future land wars between great powers; the armies would entrench themselves and the ensuing deadlock would last for years. Armed conflict would be determined not by military success but by the eventual economic collapse of societies."
  8. ^ "Linker was nominated for his 30 years in the service of the cause of peace and humanitarianism."
  9. ^ "Mühlberger was nominated for his extensive thinking on war and peace, and especially for his book on Proudhon (1899), in which he expressed several ideas on how to deal with the issue of war and peace."
  10. ^ "Nikolai II initiated the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899. The tsar's intention was to seek agreements to limit armaments and the financial burden of excessive armament, and to improve the prospects of peaceful settlement of international conflicts and to codify the laws of war."
  11. ^ "Pandolfi was nominated for his efforts to establish local peace associations (Venice and Turin) and the Italian Peace Society, and also for his inter-parliamentary peace work. He acted as mediator between Italy and Romania, and Italy and France, in an attempt to create greater understanding and a sense of brotherhood between these states."
  12. ^ "Pauncefote dealt successfully with the problems concerning seal fishing in the Bering Sea, the Venezuela Boundary Dispute, and the Panama Canal question (the Hay-Pauncefote treaties 1899-1901). As a delegate to the First Hague Conference (1899) he was a leading figure in the formation of a permanent tribunal of arbitration."
  13. ^ "Petrochi was nominated for his work La Guerra."
  14. ^ "Hector was nominated (in 1901 under the pseudonym "N.J. Pierlin") for his book on the work of Proudhon."
  15. ^ "Moynier was one of the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and he was nominated for his efforts to organize its work. He drafted the Geneva Convention. He was also one of the founders of the Institute of International Law."
  16. ^ "Martens advocated international arbitration and he also worked to establish a codification of the laws of war. Martens often acted as mediator in disputes between European states. He is the author of the book La paix et la guerre."
  17. ^ "Tolstoy was nominated for his literary works, especially his later philosophical and religious books – War and Peace (1865-69) and Anna Karenina (1875-77) – which evidently promoted peace and anti-militarism."
  18. ^ "Stead promoted peace and international arbitration. He attended several peace conferences, including The Hague (1899) and Kristiania (1899). Stead instigated the so-called 'Peace Crusade' in England and Scotland, and he published the journal War against war. He believed that the best guarantee for world peace would be a peace treaty between Great Britain and Russia. Stead also agitated vigorously against the Boer War and promoted international law and arbitration."
  19. ^ "Loewenthal was one of the earliest promoters of the necessity to establish a league of European states. He also promited disarmament, reform of international law and the introduction of obligatory arbitration of disputes between states through an international system of "peace justice". He was instrumental in the founding of what was later known as the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
  20. ^ "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
  21. ^ "Richter was chairman of the German Peace Association. One of the central figures of the early German peace movement. He attended international peace conferences and presided over the peace conference in Hamburg in 1897."
  22. ^ "Umfrid was chairman of the Stuttgart Peace Society and vice-president of the German Peace Society. He worked hard to change the attitude of the German evangelical clergy towards peace. He wrote and published numerous articles on peace. His major work was Europa den Europäern: Politische Ketzereien."
  23. ^ "Descamps was nominated for his inter-parliamentary peace work. President of the sixth Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference in Brussels in 1895, and Belgian delegate to the peace conference at The Hague in 1899. He was elected Secretary General of the Institute of International Law in 1900. Descamps wrote significant works on neutrality and disarmament, and he also contributed to the abolitionist movement. The Institute of International Law was nominated for its work to draft the first international arbitration regulations, and for its efforts to establish a codification of the laws of war."
  24. ^ "Umano was nominated for his writings on peace. He had written extensively on such subjects as war and peace, patriotism, and he had also constructed a 'law on patriotism'."
  25. ^ "Ferrero had given numerous lectures on militarism in Milan, and the lectures had been received with great acclaim by the people in Milan."
  26. ^ "Bajer promoted Nordic neutrality and brotherhood. He was one of the initiators and founders of the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and was the first president of the Peace Bureau. He was also member of the council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and organized peace work both in Denmark and internationally, both popular peace movements and parliamentary peace work. He was Scandinavia's most prominent peace advocate."
  27. ^ "Arnoldson was nominated for his book Seklernas hopp about peace, the peace movement and peace workers. He was one of the founders of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society, and he carried on a vigorous campaign for arbitration in his writings. Arnoldson produced substantial works on religion and peace."
  28. ^ "Moneta became active in the peace movement in 1870. In 1878 he helped establish the League of Liberty, Brotherhood and Peace in Milan. In 1887 he helped to found the Society for International Peace and Justice, and the Lombard Union for International Peace and Understanding, of which he became president. Moneta regularly attended international peace congresses, and from 1895 onwards he was a member of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. He actively worked to establish better understanding between countries on the verge of conflict, especially through arbitration. He was also editor of the journal La Vita Internazionale."
  29. ^ "Nomination based on Buonfanti's pamphlet L'Avvenire."
  30. ^ "Schleyer had constructed the artificial language Volapük (1880)."
  31. ^ "Polo was nominated for his work La paix par l'union des peuples."
  32. ^ "Marcoartu was nominated for being the real originator of the Inter-Parliamentary conferences, and for promoting peace and arbitration."
  33. ^ "Gohier was editor of the journal Soleil. He supported Dreyfus in the Dreyfus Affair, and he promoted exoneration of Captain Dreyfus."
  34. ^ "Lowther contributed to the drafting of the arbitration agreement between Argentina and Chile."
  35. ^ "Barrington and Lowther was nominated for their contribution to the disarmament and arbitration treaties between Chile and Argentina."
  36. ^ "Adler was nominated for his writings on war and peace, including the pamphlet Der Krieg, die Kongressidee und die allgemeine Wehrpflicht (1868)."
  37. ^ "Korwin-Dzbanski was nominated for his writings on war and peace."
  38. ^ "Lund was a pioneer in Norwegian inter-parliamentary peace work, and he represented Norway at several international peace conferences. He was a member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee 1897-1913."
  39. ^ "Love was president of the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia (1866-1913). He founded and edited the magazine Peacemaker and Court of Arbitration and he organized peace meetings. Vice-president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society."
  40. ^ "Pratt was nominated for his effort to promote peace and arbitration. He contributed to the founding of the Permanent International Peace Bureau in 1891 and he was a member of its commission (until 1904). He founded and presided over the International Arbitration and Peace Association."
  41. ^ "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
  42. ^ "Renault was nominated for his work to promote international law. He contributed greatly in establishing the field as a respected academic discipline, and published several major works together with his colleague Lyon-Caen. He represented France at numerous international conferences, and he was considered an important factor to the success of the Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899."
  43. ^ "D'Estournelles represented France at The Hague Peace Conference in 1899. He attempted to get acceptance for the principle of compulsory arbitration, but this was not possible. After the conference he strongly promoted the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and he founded the French Groupe de l'Arbitrage in 1903. D'Estournelles advocated Franco-German conciliation and wanted a European federation. In 1905 he founded Conciliation Internationale, a network of peace workers aimed at influencing public opinion. At the second conference at The Hague in 1907, d'Estournelles continued his work to strengthen international arbitration."
  44. ^ "Bion founded holiday camps (Ferienkolonien) for less fortunate children (emphasis on physical and moral training)."
  45. ^ "Pierantoni was nominated for his considerable contribution to the development of international law and arbitration."
  46. ^ "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
  47. ^ "Darby was secretary of the English Peace Society. He wrote and published literature on peace, international law and arbitration, and he attended several peace congresses."
  48. ^ "Hersant was the author of the book Temple de la paix."
  49. ^ "Khan attended the peace conference at The Hague in 1899 (leader of the Persian delegation)."
  50. ^ "Smet de Naeyer was nominated for his efforts to accomplish an international agreement concerning the sugar industry."
  51. ^ "Barclay promoted arbitration, conciliation and international law. He was president of the British Chamber of Commerce 1899-1900. Barclay was a member of the Institute of International Law and deputy Chairman of the International Law Association. He worked to improve the relations between European countries in order to prevent war and to secure peace."
  52. ^ "Bartholdt founded the American group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1904. He was president of the Inter-Parliamentary Council and he promoted international law and arbitration. He initiated the second peace conference at The Hague (1907). Bartholdt was considered to be the most significant person in the American peace movement."
  53. ^ "Roosevelt mediated in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). His efforts led to the peace treaty of 1905. He made use of the Permanent Court of Arbitration on several occasions."
  54. ^ "Branting promoted peace and anti-militarism. He contributed to the peaceful dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905 and worked to establish good relations between the two countries. He was one of the foremost members of the international social democratic movement and he exercised great influence on its peace work."
  55. ^ "Hay took part in the Paris peace negotiations to end the Spanish-American War (1898). He is known for the Open Door policy towards China, and he negotiated the treaty that gave the US the right to build the Panama Canal. He promoted international arbitration, and he contributed to the success of both the Inter-Parliamentary Union and of the peace conference at The Hague in 1899."
  56. ^ "Westlake was one of the founders of the Institute of International Law. He promoted social reforms and woman suffrage."
  57. ^ "Nys promoted international law and arbitration. He was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague and of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. Nys was the author of Le droit international and other works on international law and politics."
  58. ^ "Wavrinsky was nominated for his contribution to the peaceful dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905. He was chairman of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League, and he contributed to the founding of the Swedish Inter-Parliamentary Group. During World War I he supported Wilson's plans for a League of Nations, but he emphasized the importance of a democratic and parliamentary basis for such a league."
  59. ^ "Strawson had discovered 'the true nature of money'."
  60. ^ "Promoted international law and arbitration. Author of the book Die Fortbildung des Verfahrens in völkerrechtl. Streitigkeiten."
  61. ^ "Zamenhof invented Esperanto, the most important of the international artificial languages."
  62. ^ "Bourgeois headed the French delegation to The Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907, where he promoted cooperation among nations. Member of the peace group of the French parliament. He was a member of the Permanent Court of Justice at the Hague from 1903. Bourgeois was among the initiators of the League of Nations and was appointed France's representative to the League in 1919, where he was elected president of the council. Bourgeois was an ardent spokesman for disarmament, international law and obligatory arbitration."
  63. ^ "Luzzatti emphasized the importance of social reforms and cooperation to secure social and political peace. Promoted international law and economic cooperation."
  64. ^ "Smiley initiated the Lake Mohonk Conferences on International Arbitration."
  65. ^ "Carnegie was nominated for his large donations to the peace movement (to hasten the abolition of war). He was chairman of the Peace Association in New York and initiator of the first national peace gathering in 1907. Carnegie had donated money to build three international 'temples of peace', including the Palace of Peace at The Hague. He advocated arbitration and international peace work, and he wrote a number of articles on peace. Carnegie was also president of the Peace Society of New York. He founded 'The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace' in 1910."
  66. ^ "Francis Joseph had been Emperor for 60 years."
  67. ^ "Altamira y Crevea was nominated for his important contribution to international law, especially his extensive authorship on international law. He aimed to introduce internationalistic and humanitarian reforms in his work as a history professor. In 1919 he became member of the committee that drafted the statutes of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague, of which he was member 1922-29 and 1930-37."
  68. ^ "Beernaert promoted international arbitration and disarmament. He was Belgium's representative at the Hague conferences in 1899 and 1907, where he advocated compulsory arbitration. Beernaert was very active in the work of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and was president of its council in 1909."
  69. ^ "Fried founded the journal Die Waffen Nieder in 1891, and he established the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft) in 1892. He also published Monatliche Friedenskorrespondenz and edited Die Friedenswarte. Fried promoted international law, pacifism and disarmament, and he worked closely with Bertha von Suttner. He is the author of the books Pan-Amerika and Der Kaiser und der Weltfrieden."
  70. ^ "Root was co-founder and president of 'American Society of International Law' (1906). He persuaded Latin-American states to participate at the Second Hague Peace Conference (1907), and he also concluded treaties of arbitration with more than 20 nations. He settled the controversy between the USA and Great Britain over the North Atlantic coast fisheries."
  71. ^ "Frost was the author of the book Safeguards of Peace."
  72. ^ "Robert was the creator of the fresco paintings in the museum in Neuchatel in Switzerland."
  73. ^ "Tobar was nominated for the Tobar doctrine. Its aim was to reduce the threat of revolution and civil war in the Inter-American system by emphasizing the need for all governments to support the establishment of constitutionalism and democracy."
  74. ^ "Fiore promoted international law and arbitration. He wrote extensively on peace and international law."
  75. ^ "Mérignhac attended all peace conferences held in France the last decade. He founded and presided over 'Société de la Paix par le Droit' and initiated the first national congress for French peace associations in Toulouse in 1903. He is the author of several works on international law and arbitration."
  76. ^ "Jordan was a well-known natural scientist. Inspired by social-darwinism, he considered war to be the greatest threat to the human race in that it caused a "reversal of selection". He therefore advocated peace and pacifism. Jordan was a member of commissions on US-Canadian relations (1896-1911). He presided over the World Peace Foundation (1909-1911), and served as an unofficial consultant for the US-Mexican commission that tried to solve the dispute between the two (1916). Jordan was vice-president of the World Peace Conference at The Hague in 1913 and for a similar congress in San Francisco (1915). He also served as vice-president or executive member of several peace organizations, and he was a well-known lecturer both in the USA and abroad. Among his major works were The Blood of the Nation (1902), The Human Harvest (1907), War and Waste (1913), Annexation and Conquest (1916)."
  77. ^ "La Fontaine was considered a true internationalist. He was president of the Commission of the Permanent International Peace Bureau and Secretary General for the Belgian Peace and Arbitration League. He also participated in the activities of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Together with Paul Otlet he founded in 1907 the Union of International Associations."
  78. ^ "Prince Alphonse had founded and actively promoted The International League against Duelling."
  79. ^ "Duras was nominated for his book Universal Peace."
  80. ^ "Nominated for his efforts to prevent the Serbian-Austrian conflict in 1909 from turning into war. Proponent of international law and arbitration."
  81. ^ "Lord Weardale promoted arbitration, disarmament and inter-parliamentary peace work."
  82. ^ "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
  83. ^ "Münter was nominated for his pamphlet Die reale Lösung der sozialen Frage."
  84. ^ "Tyszkiewics was the founder and president of the Kyiv Peace Association."
  85. ^ "Asser initiated the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at The Hague. He contributed to the founding of the Institute of International Law (Vice President 1875-1879, member of the Council 1902-1904 and Honorary member 1906) and he was a proponent of international law and arbitration."
  86. ^ "Mott was nominated for his work in international ecclesiastical and missionary movements for more than 50 years, promoting goodwill, international understanding and cooperation as the foundation of lasting peace. He contributed to the establishment of the modern ecumenical movement, and also the formation of the World Council of Churches."
  87. ^ "Nominated for his efforts to secure Brazil's borders through several boundary settlements and for his efforts to solve the conflicts between Brazil and its neighbouring countries. He also participated in the Brazilian abolitionist movement and he was directly engaged in 27 arbitration treaties."
  88. ^ "Witte was the first constitutional prime minister of the Russian Empire 1905-06."
  89. ^ "Moch worked as a pacifist journalist in Indépendance belge and other newspapers, and he attended most of the international peace conferences from 1897 onwards. He organized and presided over the 11th congress in Monaco 1902 and he became Chairman of the newly founded Institut international de la Paix in 1903(-1906). Moch promoted the international language Esperanto and founded an Esperanto Peace Association in 1905."
  90. ^ "Moscheles had been working for peace since he became a member of the Peace Association in 1878. Member of the Committee of the International Arbitration and Peace Association in 1880 and executive chairman of the Association from 1897. Promoted peace, international arbitration and pacifism."
  91. ^ "Zorn advocated international law and arbitration. Member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Represented Germany in a committee that discussed the establishment of an international court of arbitration."
  92. ^ "Arnaud promoted international law, arbitration and pacifism both in France and in the international peace movement. President of 'Ligue de la Paix et de la Liberté' and editor-in-chief of the journal Les Etats Unis d'Europe from 1891. Vice-president of the French delegation to several international peace conferences initiated by the International Peace Bureau."
  93. ^ "Apponyi promoted inter-parliamentary peace work and international arbitration. Delegate to all inter-parliamentary peace conferences since 1895 (except Brussels 1897). He initiated a proposal intended to make compulsory the establishment of pressure groups working for peace by the national inter-parliamentary groups. Apponyi had founded such a group in Hungary. He represented Hungary in the Council of the League of Nations in 1925, and was an advocate for disarmament."
  94. ^ "Förster was nominated for his significant contribution to the German peace movement in the period between the two world wars. Förster promoted ethics, peace and international arbitration. He worked to improve the relations between France and Germany. Förster represented the pedagogic school of the peace movement. He was not motivated by political sentiments, but by his religious understanding and perception of ethics. He was a proponent of anti-militarism, being a champion for peace by writing books and holding lectures on the topic, even in the warmongering state of Nazi Germany."
  95. ^ "Angell advocated peace, pacifism and international understanding. He had written The Great Illusion (1910), in which he claimed that it was an illusion that war could be profitable to a nation, and he maintained that this illusion was going to lead Europe into a state of war. Angell also wrote America and The New World-State (1912), The World's Highway (1916) and several other works. The Unseen Assassins (1932) described nationalism as the greatest threat to world peace."
  96. ^ "Richet was an executive member of both the Permanent International Peace Bureau and the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
  97. ^ "Internoscia was the author of New Code of International Law."
  98. ^ "Kovalevsky produced a number of scientific works on legal history. Promoted peace, humanity and democracy. He initiated and presided over the St.Petersburg Peace Association."
  99. ^ "Rade was nominated for his efforts to end German nationalistic conflicts. Founder and editor of the magazine Die Christliche Welt."
  100. ^ "Ruyssen was president of 'La Paix par le Droit', the most prominent French peace association, and he was editor of the association's journal. He was an executive member of both the International Peace Bureau and 'Ligue des Droits de l'Homme'. Ruyssen promoted peace and disarmament, and he was secretary general of 'Union des Associations pour la Société des Nations' (The Union of Associations of the League of Nations). He had been an important part of the international peace movement for more than 40 years."
  101. ^ "Known as the German peace movement's wandering speaker. From 1892 he traveled around Europe and gave speeches on peace. As a result of his lecture tours, several local peace associations were established."
  102. ^ "Fusinato promoted international law and arbitration. Italian delegate to several international peace conferences. At the Second Hague Peace Conference he was elected president of the committee that worked to establish procedures for the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague and he contributed to many arbitration treaties. Member of the Italian Inter-Parliamentary Group."
  103. ^ "Herbert is the author of the book The Defence of Plevna."
  104. ^ "Edwin Mead promoted international justice and peace. Mead and Edwin Ginn successfully managed to open a free peace academy in Boston (The International School of Peace). Mead continued to publish and distribute literature on peace. He also wrote about and lectured on the topic and in 1909 he became Director of the World Peace Foundation. Attended several international peace conferences."
  105. ^ "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
  106. ^ "Taft promoted international law and arbitration. He initiated arbitration treaties between the US and Great Britain and France, but despite his efforts these were not concluded. Advocated peace and cooperation during his presidency(1909-1913)."
  107. ^ "Trueblood was secretary of the US Peace Society. Editor of the periodical The Advocate of Peace. He wrote The Federation of the World and he translated Kant's Zum ewigen Frieden into English. Trueblood attended most international peace conferences and was a member of the Commission of the Peace Bureau. He organized two peace congresses held in the USA (Chicago 1893 and Boston 1904) and was a member of the International Law Association."
  108. ^ "Gram was a recognized scholar of international law and he often attended international arbitration courts. He was honorary member of the Institute of International Law."
  109. ^ "Sundblad had actively worked for peace since 1885 when he founded a local peace association in Sweden. Between 1887 and 1894 he raised money to support the newly founded Swedish Peace and Arbitration League. He was chairman of the council of this league 1887-1896. Sundblad published the journal Ned med Vapnen 1893-1897 and from 1897 he edited and published the journal Fredsfanan. He advocated peace and co-operation."
  110. ^ "Masaryk promoted humanism, ethics, and pacifism. As a Czechoslovakian nationalist he fought to defend the Slav peoples against Austrian-Hungarian imperialism. He successfully acted as mediator between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in 1912. During World War I Masaryk advocated democratic rights and human liberation. He was the chief founder and first president of Czechoslovakia."
  111. ^ "Lange served as secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 1901 to 1909, and he played an important role in the founding and development of the Norwegian Nobel Institute that opened in 1905. He advocated peace and disarmament and he attended several international peace conferences. Lange was secretary general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union from 1909 to 1933. During WWI he moved the office of the Inter-Parliamentary Union to Oslo, in order to continue and preserve the work of the Union and to protect its records from possible wartime destruction."
  112. ^ "Quidde joined the German Peace Society in 1892 (chairman 1914-1929), and in 1894 he founded a peace association in Munich. He was a prominent advocate of peace and pacifism. From 1907 to 1919 Quidde was a liberal member of the Bavarian parliament and member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. In 1919 he joined the Democratic Party and from 1919 to 1920 he served as a member of the National Assembly. He denounced the German war-guilt clause of the Versailles Treaty and he opposed the revival of German militarism. He was chairman of the German Peace Cartel 1921-29. Quidde advocated German admittance to the League of Nations."
  113. ^ "Drago initiated the Drago Doctrine that opposed forcible collection of debts in any South American republic through military intervention. He promoted peace, international cooperation and arbitration. Drago was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
  114. ^ "Cheshikhin drafted the new international language 'Reform Esperanto' ("Nepo")."
  115. ^ "Giretti was chairman of the peace association Torre Pellice and member of the Commission of the Permanent International Peace Bureau."
  116. ^ "Boyle was the author of History of Peace and other writings."
  117. ^ "Ihlen and Wallenberg were nominated for the Swedish-Norwegian declaration of neutrality and for the mutual agreement that neither Norway nor Sweden would adopt hostile resolutions towards each other in case of a European war."
  118. ^ "Ross was the author of the book The great evolution and end of war."
  119. ^ "Lammasch promoted international law and arbitration. He became associated with the Institute of International Law in 1887, and a member in 1891. He played an important role at international conferences and meetings and he was member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague. Lammasch presided over the Court in the conflicts between the USA and Great Britain over the fishery in New Foundland (1909), and between the USA and Venezuela over the rights of the Orinoco Steamship Company (1910). He became a lifelong member of the Austrian First Chamber in 1899 and Hon. member of the Vienna Academic Peace Association. Member of the Central Organization for a Durable Peace (founded in 1915) and Hon. President of the Austrian peace association 'Para Pacem'. After 1916 Lammasch continued to produce works on peace, international law and arbitration, despite deteriorating health. In 1918, he presented a draft covenant for the League of Nations."
  120. ^ "The Pope was nominated for his peace efforts and his work to ensure that prisoners of war were treated humanely."
  121. ^ "Albert I was nominated for his national sacrifice in order to uphold the idea of international law after the outbreak of war in 1914."
  122. ^ "Polak was Chairman of the Polish Association of Friends of Peace."
  123. ^ "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
  124. ^ "Ahlberg was the editor of the Ido periodical "Mondo" (Ido is an artificial language constructed by the French logician and Esperantist Louis de Beaufront)."
  125. ^ "Scherrer-Füllemann was among the foremost members of Swiss political life. He represented Sankt Gallen canton in the Swiss parliament for several years, and he was one of the most conductive personalities of the democratic party. President of the Swiss Inter-Parliamentary Group, which he represented at the Inter-Parliamentary Council. In August 1914, he contributed to the founding of the Swiss Committee for the Study of Lasting Peace, of which he became Chairman when Otfried Nippold resigned. Executive member of the Central Organization for a Durable Peace. Advocate of peace, legal internationalism and humanism."
  126. ^ "Scott was secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1911-1940) and director of its Division of International Law. He worked for the US conscription service during WWI, and he was one of the organizers of the US Foreign Policy Conference in New York in 1917. Scott was editor-in-chief of the American Journal of International Law, and he was the author of The Status of the International Court of Justice (1914). He advocated and strongly favored the establishment of an international court of justice."
  127. ^ "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
  128. ^ "Wilson advocated international law and arbitration. In January 1917 he had made an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the belligerents to end the war, calling for a 'peace without victory'. After the USA had entered the war, Wilson outlined his view on a post-war settlement through his 'Fourteen points'. These became the guiding principles for the Paris Peace Conference (1919-20), and included the establishment of the League of Nations. However, Wilson failed to obtain ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, and the USA did not join the League of Nations."
  129. ^ "Sandstøl was member of Stavanger Peace Association. He is an author of several works on war and peace."
  130. ^ "Mary Shapard was nominated for her World War I-era recommendation that a nonpartisan "league of nations" be established by world leaders to reduce the likelihood of future armed conflicts between countries engaged in international disputes."
  131. ^ "Schücking promoted international law and arbitration. He had been associated with the Institute of International Law since 1910. After WWI Schücking became a leading member of the 'Deutsche Liga für den Völkervorbund' and he worked primarily on a draft of a covenant for the League of Nations. He was a member of the German delegation to the Versailles peace negotiations. In 1919 Schücking initiated the founding of a new German Inter-Parliamentary Group, over which he presided. He was also a member of the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
  132. ^ "Gasparri wrote the papal peace plan and encouraged people to strive for peace through the papal guidelines for peace and understanding."
  133. ^ "De Jong was one of the foremost peace workers of his time. He was co-founder of the 'Nederlandsche Anti-Oorlog-Raad', where he was a member of the executive council. He was editor of the influential publication Nouvelles de Hollande and he published numerous works on peace. He initiated international study conferences at The Hague (1915) and Bern (1917), conferences aimed at formulating the principles for a lasting peace. In 1917 he resigned from his position in the Dutch Ministry of Justice in order to dedicate his time to the peace cause. He moved to Bern, where he administered the information office 'Pax'. Proponent of peace, arbitration and pacifism."
  134. ^ "Mercier was among the foremost leaders in the revival of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. During the war (1914-1918) his stand against the Germans when they burned the Louvain Library and deported workmen made him an international spokesman for the Belgians."
  135. ^ "Horst represented the Norwegian parliament at the first Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference in 1890. He was chairman of the Norwegian Peace Association and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
  136. ^ "Périnet was the founder of Ligues de bonté."
  137. ^ "Hoover was the chief Allied relief administrator during World War I (1914-1919) and later chairman of the Commission for Relief in Belgium. He was appointed national food administrator to stimulate production and conserve supplies when the USA entered into the war."
  138. ^ "Nansen was nominated for his humanitarian work after World War I. He organized programs for the repatriation of prisoners of war from Russia and Siberia. The Soviet government did not recognize the League of Nations, but it was willing to work with Nansen. He initiated the Nansen Passport for Refugees, and he was Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations. The League appointed him High Commissioner for Refugees in 1921. The same year the Red Cross asked him to organize a relief program to famine-stricken Russia. The League of Nations turned down his request for financial assistance, because strong anti-bolshevik feelings in the League made its approval impossible. Nansen had to organize relief to Russia outside the League, but he received assistance from Herbert Hoover's American Relief Administration, the Society of Friends and others."
  139. ^ "Lord Cecil was one of the principal drafters of the League of Nations Covenant (1919). He contributed greatly to the establishment of the League's institutions and he took a leading role in its activities. Already in 1916 he had begun to draw up an international peacekeeping agreement, and in 1919, when he attended the Paris Peace Conference, his ideas proved generally compatible with those of President Woodrow Wilson. Lord Cecil was also chairman of the 'League of Nations Union' and he used it to raise British public opinion in favour of the League. He was member of the Council of the League of Nations and he contributed to the peaceful settlement of the conflict between Greece and Italy."
  140. ^ "Grey was nominated for his efforts to prevent World War I. He was responsible for the Treaty of London (1915) by which Italy joined the Allies, and he tried to obtain US support for the Allies. In 1919 he went to the US in an attempt to secure US entry into the League of Nations."
  141. ^ "President Harding had initiated the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armaments. The treaties on disarmament at sea adopted by the conference were later ratified by the US Senate."
  142. ^ "Keynes was one of the most distinctive British economists. During World War I he served as a consultant in the British Treasury. Keynes accompanied Lloyd George to the Paris Peace Conference as an economic advisor. He opposed the Allied reparations policy, and he advocated a more liberal attitude towards the size and amount of the economic sanctions imposed on Germany. He criticized the Versailles Treaty in The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919-1920)."
  143. ^ "Nitti was nominated for the foreign policy he conducted while he was Prime Minister of Italy. He regarded Europe as one unit depending on the equality of each country. Nitti criticized the Versailles Treaty and the ongoing rearmement in the books Europa senza pace and Decandenza dell' Europa. He presided over the Conference of the Allied Forces in San Remo, where he advocated a policy of appeasement towards Austria and protested against the imperialistic policy of Lord Curzon. Nitti attempted to guide the American opinion through his articles in United Press of America and the nominators thought this was the reason why the US Senate in November 1922 was willing to discuss the questions of compensation and the Entente policy."
  144. ^ "Rolin-Jacquemyns was the founder and Secretary General (1906-1923) of the Institute of International Law. He was managing director of the juridical library at the Peace Palace in Geneva 1913-1923. Rolin was member of several commissions and associations, and Secretary General of the Academy of International Law at The Hague. His major scientific work was The International Private Law (1899)."
  145. ^ "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
  146. ^ "Hughes was nominated for his work as Secretary of State during Warren Harding's presidency. The latter initiated the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armaments, over which Hughes presided. The treaties on disarmament at sea adopted by the conference were later ratified by the US Congress. In 1923 Hughes initiated a policy that led to the Dawes Commission, and he advocated US entry to the Permanent International Court of Arbitration. Hughes was president of the 'American Bar Association' and he had been member of the US Supreme Court (1910-1916)."
  147. ^ "Hymans represented Belgium at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, and he contributed to the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs 1918-1920 and he presided over the first assembly of the League of Nations in 1920."
  148. ^ "Lindhagen actively worked for a joint Scandinavian effort to promote civil law, and he also advocated disarmament and co-operation based on international law. He was a prominent member of the radical peace movement, and in 1932 he initiated a 'People's Parliament'. Its aim was to advocate disarmament issues. Lindhagen was one of legal advisor to the Alfred Nobel estate; in effect he became an associate executor. He also drafted the Nobel Foundation Charter in 1899. Lindhagen was on the short list, but no new evaluation was requested."
  149. ^ "Ferrière was the founder and leader of 'Agence internationale de secours et de renseignement en faveur des prisonniers de guerre', an intelligence agency established by the International Red Cross. Its aim was to locate and repatriate prisoners of war. From 1919 to 1921 Ferrière aided the Austrian-Hungarian population."
  150. ^ "Adelswärd was chairman of the Swedish Inter-Parliamentary Group, and he was president of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1922-1928). He advocated democracy, peace and international cooperation."
  151. ^ "Weiss was nominated for his contribution to the development of international law, mainly through his extensive scientific writings on international civil law. He promoted mediation, a permanent international court of arbitration and sanctions in order to observe the rules of international law. Weiss was member of several juridical associations, including Institut de France, Institut de Droit International, and the International Court of Arbitration at The Hague."
  152. ^ "Debs was a successful trade union leader. He converted from Democratic Populist to Socialist in 1897. In 1898 he was one of the founders of the Socialist Party of America (the name was adopted in 1900). Debs started to work actively for peace during World War I, mainly because he considered the war to be in the interest of capitalism. He was the Socialist Party's candidate for the US presidency five times between 1900 and 1920."
  153. ^ "Morel was nominated firstly for his work to protect indigenous African people during European imperialism and colonization, and secondly for his efforts to prevent an open conflict between Germany and France over colonial matters. Morel had become familiar with African geography, history, and commercial affairs while working as a clerk for a shipping company trading in West Africa. He brought this knowledge into the fields of journalism and committee work. On several occasions Morel criticized European administrations in Africa, and he led the British opposition to the Belgian misruling in Congo. Morel organized The Congo Reform Association in 1904, of which he became Secretary. The main objective for Morel was to prevent future disputes and wars by improving the relations between Europeans and other peoples. Morel was a proponent of pacifism and internationalism, and Secretary of The Union of Democratic Control. He was an influential representative of the Labour Party in the British parliament."
  154. ^ "Mendes was the leader of 'Eglis positiviste' in Brazil."
  155. ^ "Aga Khan supported the Allied cause when war broke out in 1914, but at the Paris Peace Conference he urged for lenient treatment of Turkey."
  156. ^ "Fauchille was the editor of Revue Générale du Droit international Public (founded by Fauchille and Pillet in 1894), through which he contributed to the development of international law. Author of the four-volume work Traité de Droit International Public. In 1921 Fauchille, de Lapradelle and A. Alvarez founded 'Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales', a postgraduate college aimed at teaching international law and developing friendly relations between students of different nationalities."
  157. ^ "Prince Carl was nominated for his work as President of the Swedish Red Cross, which was one of the largest and best organized of the national divisions of the International Red Cross. His work for prisoners of war and refugees was especially mentioned."
  158. ^ "Morgan was nominated for his efforts to disarm Germany 1919-1923, and for his plans for disarmament after the World War II."
  159. ^ "Buisson attended several peace conferences, including the Geneva Conference in 1867 that had great influence on the development of the idea of peace. He promoted reconciliation and rapprochement between peoples, a matter of great importance considering the strained relationship between France and Germany. Buisson was founder and president of the League of Human Rights (Ligue des Droits de l'Homme)."
  160. ^ "MacDonald joined the Labour Party in 1894 and he gradually became a well known political writer. Socialism was the subject of most of his books, but he did not encourage revolution. In 1911 he became parliamentary leader of the Labour Party, and in 1924 he became the first Labour prime minister. MacDonald presided over the negotiations on US Secretary of State Dawes' Plan for the payment of German war reparations 1924. He was also instrumental in the process that resulted in the Geneva Protocol on collective security, disarmament and compulsory arbitration."
  161. ^ "Gerlach had opposed William II's (German emperor and King of Prussia 1888-1918) policy during World War I, and he was working for German reconciliation and rapprochement with France while he was president (later executive member) of the German Human Rights League. He advocated pacifism and peace."
  162. ^ "Henri-Demont founded the organization 'Pour supprimer ce crime: la Guerre', that worked for a perfection of the judicial aspects of the League of Nations. It wanted the Permanent Court of International Justice to elaborate a 'Law of the Nations' and a global constitution. The nominators emphasized Henri-Demont's lifelong effort in promoting this project."
  163. ^ "Chamberlain was nominated with Aristide Briad for their efforts to conclude the Locarno Pact in 1925. The Locarno Pact sought to normalize relations between Germany and its former enemies. It intended to secure peace in western Europe by eliminating the possibility of border disputes involving Germany, whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. Advocates of reconciliation, arbitration and negotiation."
  164. ^ "Dawes was author of the "Dawes Plan" to manage German reparations payments after World War I. The Dawes Plan provided for a reorganization of German finances with the assistance of loans from U.S. investors, and it was drafted by the Allied Reparation Commission led by Charles G. Dawes."
  165. ^ "Briand was nominated for his plan to create a European Union. The plan was first presented in the League of Nations in 1929, and in 1930 the French government put forth a memorandum on the issue. The League then decided to establish a study commission on the subject with Briand as its chairman."
  166. ^ "Stresemann was nominated for being largely responsible for restoring the international status of Germany after World War I, and for his contribution to the Locarno Pact in 1925. Advocate of reconciliation and arbitration. Luther became Minister of Finance under Gustav Stresemann in 1923, and he successfully stabilized the inflated national currency. He continued as Minister of Finance in the next government, and he participated in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924."
  167. ^ "Archbishop Söderblom advocated peace, pacifism, brotherhood and religious understanding through his work as leader of the ecumenical movement. He wanted to unite religious communities of different nationalities, in order to further international understanding through church unity. Söderblom organized and presided over the first Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work in Stockholm in 1925."
  168. ^ "Chirinos was nominated for his authorship on peace."
  169. ^ "Luther became Minister of Finance under Gustav Stresemann in 1923, and he successfully stabilized the inflated national currency. He continued as Minister of Finance in the next government, and he participated in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924."
  170. ^ "Shibusawa was involved in almost every enterprise associated with Japanese industrial development. He worked to improve the relations between the USA and Japan concerning the legal status of Japanese workers in California. He retired in 1916 to devote himself to charity."
  171. ^ "Politis promoted peace, disarmament and international law through his scientific authorship. He became Greek Foreign Minister in 1916, he attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He represented Greece in the League of Nations, where he contributed to the drafting of the Geneva Protocol in 1924."
  172. ^ "Benes advocated peace, justice and international law in the League of Nations while serving as Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister, and he continued to promote peace when he became president of Czechoslovakia."
  173. ^ "Motta was the chief Swiss delegate to the League of Nations from 1920. He became Honorary President of the first League assembly (1920) and President of the fifth assembly (1924). Protector of Swiss neutrality and advocate of international law and arbitration."
  174. ^ "Shotwell had worked for peace since he began working for the Carnegie Endowment. His major contribution was to edit the 150-volume Economic and Social History of the World Wars, aimed at elucidating the economic effects of modern war. He served as an adviser to President Wilson in 1917, mainly on the political and historical aspects of potential postwar problems and he was a delegate to the Versailles Peace Conference. He contributed to the Geneva Protocol and to the Briand-Kellogg Pact."
  175. ^ "Huber attended the second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 and he acted as legal advisor to the Swiss foreign minister 1918-1922. He represented Switzerland in the post-war negotiations with the Allied Powers and he was member of the Swiss delegation to the League of Nations 1920-1921. Huber was president of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague 1925-1927. He advocated international law and arbitration."
  176. ^ "Undén was a delegate to the League of Nations 1921-1926 and he was member of the Council of the League 1924-1926. Advocate of Swedish neutrality. Undén was nominated for his efforts to settle the controversies over the expansion of the Council of the League of Nations in 1926. The problem arose when Germany sought a permanent seat on the council, an important matter to the German delegation during the Locarno negotiations. This was opposed by some countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia, unless permanent seats on the Council were granted other states as well. Undén and the Swedish delegation were willing to sacrifice Swedish representation on the Council in order to prevent an expansion beyond the German seat, a policy that solved the problem."
  177. ^ "Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts movement in 1907 and he organized the movement internationally. He and his sister Agnes founded the Girl Guides in 1910 (in the US Girls Scouts from 1912). In 1916 Baden-Powell organized the Wolf Cubs in Great Britain (Cub Scouts in the US) for boys under the age of 11. The nominators emphasized the brotherly mentality and the non-militaristic character of the movement."
  178. ^ "Kellogg was nominated for his contribution to the Briand-Kellogg Pact. The pact condemned the use of war as a solution of international conflicts."
  179. ^ "Christensen advocated peace, justice and natural law through his authorship."
  180. ^ "Herzog had written a book called La nouvelle mort de siècle civilisé."
  181. ^ "Loder was former President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (Cour de justice international) at The Hague. He was one of the leaders of the International Law Association."
  182. ^ "Levinson originated and publicized the "outlawry of war" movement in the United States, and in 1918 he argued that violence committed by nation-states ought to be declared illegal. He assisted in drafting the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928. It condemned war as a tool of national diplomacy."
  183. ^ "Hanssen was nominated for his sensible policy while leading the Danish minority in Schleswig during the stipulation of the new border between Denmark and Germany. In order to prevent future Danish-German conflicts over the boundary line, Hanssen exercised great moderation and caution."
  184. ^ "Herriot was the leader of the French Radical Party from 1919, and he was Prime Minister 1924-1925 and 1926. He was nominated for his contribution to the Geneva Protocol during the assemblies of the League of Nations 1924-1925. Proponent of disarmament, international law and arbitration."
  185. ^ "Roos initiated a movement that wanted to establish the right to financial support if war broke out. He argued that a country unlawfully attacked should receive financial aid to make it able to defend itself. Roos stated that, if necessary, the attacked country should also receive military support from the other nations. He wanted this to be a part of the conventions of the League of Nations."
  186. ^ "Butler advocated peace, international cooperation and arbitration. He supported the Briand-Kellogg Pact, and he promoted international understanding. Butler also assisted in the establishment of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, of which he was a trustee and later president (1925-45)."
  187. ^ "Albert Schweitzer was nominated for his humanitarian work on a religious basis. Originally a student of theology and philosophy, he entered medical school in 1905 in order to qualify as a mission doctor in Gabon, at the time part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1913 he arrived at Lambaréné where he and his wife set up a hospital. He spent most of his life at Lambaréné, although he was still preoccupied with philosophical problems. His most significant contribution in this respect was the book The Philosophy of Civilization (1923), in which he developed the concept 'reverence for life' as a universal principle of ethics. He also made efforts to promote Franco-German reconciliaton."
  188. ^ "Deiszmann was nominated as representatives of ecclesiastical organisations working for peace and social levelling in the religious communities. He promoted peace, understanding, disarmament and brotherhood."
  189. ^ "Ibàñez del Campo and Leguía y Salcedo were nominated for their efforts to settle the profound and long-lasting conflict between Chile and Peru over the Tacna-Arica provinces, a source of conflict between the two countries. The nominators emphasized the importance this diplomatic settlement would have for the South American continent."
  190. ^ "Colcord actively promoted US membership in the League of Nations and the International Court of Arbitration. He also furthered American participation in drafting the Briand-Kellogg Pact."
  191. ^ "Giglio-Tos founded the student association 'Corda Fratres, Fédération Internationale des Étudiants' in 1898. It was based on the principle of mutual understanding and devoted to the ideas of peace. He worked for closer understanding between France and Italy, and for the creation of a World Parliament for students and professors to meet annually and discuss world problems."
  192. ^ "Schoenaich was a former army officer who, because of his knowledge of military technology, became an opponent to war and advocate of democracy, pacifism and radical disarmament. He became president of the German Peace Association (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft). Schoenaich also held several peace lectures and he wrote extensively on peace."
  193. ^ "Wehberg was a member of the Institute of International Law and publisher of the periodical Die-Friedens Warte. He advocated pacifism and contributed to the development of the field of international law and arbitration."
  194. ^ "Madariaga was nominated for his leadership of the disarmament section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations (1922-28), and for serving as Spanish representative to the League of Nations Assembly and Council. Madariaga contributed to secure peace through his contribution to the development of the juridical principles of the League."
  195. ^ "Firedrich Siegmund-Schultze was nominated for his scholarship and religious activity, but also his undeviating devotion through tragic times to world peace and international understanding."
  196. ^ "Henderson strongly supported the League of Nations, and when he was foreign secretary he worked to strengthen the League in order to guarantee international security. He was chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference from 1932 to 1935 and he actively worked to establish an armament limitation plan."
  197. ^ "Anzilotti was appointed a judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague in 1921. He presided over the Court from 1928 to 1930."
  198. ^ "Nyholm was a former judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague."
  199. ^ "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
  200. ^ "Remarque was nominated for his novel Im Westen nicht Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front) 1929, in which he depicted a realistic picture of the German army and the horrors of war."
  201. ^ "He was nominated for the book Les illusions évolutionistes."
  202. ^ "Heering had written a book called De Zondeval van het Christendom (1928), in which he advocated peace, pacifism and anti-militarism while criticizing the German State Church."
  203. ^ "Munch was nominated for his energetic advocacy of international disarmament, both as Danish politician and as member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Permanent International Peace Bureau."
  204. ^ "Clémentel was nominated for his contribution to the establishment of the International Chamber of Commerce, and for being an advocate of peace, pacifism and international understanding."
  205. ^ "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
  206. ^ "Verraux was nominated for his advocacy of reconciliation, democracy, pacifism and radical disarmament. He held numerous lectures and speeches on peace"
  207. ^ "Cornejo worked for a peaceful solution to the conflicts between Bolivia and Paraguay, and between Peru and Colombia. He had written La lutte pour la paix (1933) and L'équilibre des continents (1932). Cornejo contributed greatly to international peace work, but mostly he advocated peace in Latin America."
  208. ^ "Coudenhove-Kalergi initiated, promoted and led the Pan-European Movement from the 1920s. He devoted his life to the idea of a 'united states of Europe'. Coudenhove-Kalergi opposed and criticized the Russian political system and in 1933 he warned about a new World War. He also initiated the Pan-European economic conference in Vienna in 1934. The nominators considered the Pan-European idea to be the axis of a new and realistic peace policy."
  209. ^ "Brown was Honorary Secretary of the War Resisters International (1923-1949), an association of conscientious objectors to military service. The association opposed any participation in, or preparations to war. Brown was a Christian pacifist."
  210. ^ "Heerfordt was nominated for his advocacy of a 'United States of Europe'. This European constellation ought to be more firmly organised than the League of Nations, and to hold sufficient executive power in order to prevent war."
  211. ^ "Karnabeek was nominated for his efforts to advocate peace, neutrality and international law. He had been secretary of the first Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899, and he was later secretary of the International Conferences on International Law at The Hague (1900, 1904), Dutch delegate to the Peace Conference 1907, Foreign Minister 1918-27, leader of the Dutch delegation to the League of Nations 1920-27 (President of the assembly 1927), chief delegate to the Washington Conference 1921-22 and the Genoa Conference 1922. He also initiated the neutral conference on drafting the regulations for a permanent international court in 1920. Karnabeek presided over the Dutch association of the League of Nations."
  212. ^ "Pratap gave up his property for educational purposes, and he established a technical college at Brindaban. In 1913 he took part in Gandhi's campaign in South Africa. He traveled around the world to create awareness about the situation in Afghanistan and India. In 1925 he went on a mission to Tibet and met the Dalai Lama. He was primarily on an unofficial economic mission on behalf of Afghanistan, but he also wanted to expose the British brutalities in India. He called himself the servant of the powerless and weak."
  213. ^ "Scialoja was nominated for his contribution to international law and for his activity within the League of Nations. He represented Italy at the Versailles Peace Conference 1919-1920, and he was member of the commission that drafted the Covenant of the League of Nations (1919). Scialoja was also one of the drafters of the Pact of Locarno."
  214. ^ "Alvarez was nominated for his contribution to the reconstruction and codification of international law. Delegate to several Pan-American congresses. He advocated 'American international law'."
  215. ^ "Laval was nominated for his general achievements as politician, and for his efforts as Prime Minister to find a solution to Germany's payments problem due to the financial crisis in 1931. Laval, together with Samuel Hoare, developed the so-called Hoare-Laval Plan for the partition of Ethiopian territory between Italy and Ethiopia (Abyssinia), in order to solve the conflict between the two states. The plan clearly favored Italy, and was not implemented due to British opposition."
  216. ^ "Papanastassiou was nominated for his efforts to further peace and cooperation between the Balkan states. His idea of a Balkan union was adopted by the 7th Peace Congress in Athens and Delphi in 1929. In 1930 Papanastassiou organized and presided over the first Balkan Conference in Athens and Delphi. He also advocated disarmament, the League of Nations and inter-parliamentary cooperation."
  217. ^ "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
  218. ^ "Dohrn had directed and developed the zoological station in Naples during the post-war international and economical difficulties. Proponent of reconciliation and cooperation."
  219. ^ "Hudson was nominated for his work to give prominence to intellectual freedom and his efforts to establish a world government."
  220. ^ "Cseh was nominated because the peace prize would be 'a well deserved recompense for his apostolic action for international understanding and peace'. He had been working for peace for more than 22 years, and from 1920 he had devoted his entire life to the peace cause. Cseh wanted to make people understand each other by means of a common language, and he chose the international language Esperanto as his tool. He founded a special institute at The Hague that was working on reconciliation of mankind."
  221. ^ "Pilsudski was a revolutionary who had helped establish independent Poland in November 1918. He was the first chief of state of independent Poland from 1918 to 1922, and he was also commander in chief of the Polish army. In 1920 he defeated the Russian Red Army, and in late 1922 he became chief of the general staff. He resigned from office in May 1923 and went into retirement. In 1926, after an economic depression, Pilsudski marched on Warsaw, and the government resigned. Pilsudski was elected president on May 31, 1926, but he refused to take the honor, and instead he assumed the Ministry of Defense. He was the major influence in Poland for the rest of his life, and he was especially influential in Polish foreign policy."
  222. ^ "Vieites had formulated a plan that would end war if it were carried out. He wrote extensively on law in general, and in particular on penal legislation."
  223. ^ "Kelsen had established a constitutional school based on his doctrine of government (the Viennese school). Kelsen stated that a theory of law should validate and give order to law itself, and his doctrine sought to understand the state from a juridical viewpoint not depending on political, social and psychological arrangements. An ardent supporter of a law reaching beyond the single states, Kelsen stressed the importance of establishing a system of international law emancipated from any political views."
  224. ^ "Efremoff founded and organized the Russian Inter-Parliamentary Group (1909). He worked within the League of Nations to establish an international mediation institution by proposing an International Institute of Conciliation. He published many articles on the subject in the Revue de Droit International."
  225. ^ "Banerjee was nominated for his book Secrets of Religion and Way to Peace."
  226. ^ "Roosevelt had taken an active part in the fields of politics, economics and culture in order to secure world peace. He was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
  227. ^ "As one of the most effective advocates in Great Britain of the League of Nations and the United Nations."
  228. ^ Ossietzky worked for the organized German peace movement until 1921 (he resigned from his post as secretary of the German Peace Society because he disagreed with its policy). He became foreign editor of the Berliner Volkszeitung, a democratic and anti-militaristic newspaper. Later he became editor of Das Tagebuch and Die Weltbühne. Ossietzky criticized the Nazi Party and the disparities of the Weimar Republic, while he actively advocated justice and democratic rights. He warned against anti-Semitism, opposed the death penalty, supported reconciliation with France, and he advocated the acceptance of Germany as an equal member of the League of Nations. When Hitler became chancellor in 1933 and the Nazi Party became the predominant political power in Germany, Ossietzky was arrested and confined to a concentration camp.
  229. ^ "When Saavedra Lamas became foreign minister in 1932 he brought Argentina back into active participation in the League of Nations. Saavedra Lamas drafted the Antiwar Pact of 1934, and it was signed by Italy, USA and 14 Latin-American countries. The Antiwar Pact of 1934 was intended as a means to secure an armistice in the Gran Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay. It condemned all forms of aggressive war, and any territorial change not effected by peaceful means was not to be recognized. Saavedra Lamas persuaded the foreign ministers of Bolivia and Paraguay to participate in the sessions of a conciliation commission he had formed, and on June 12, 1935, the two foreign ministers signed protocols ending the hostilities between Bolivia and Paraguay."
  230. ^ "Evershed wrote extensively on peace to promote fraternity of nations, peace congresses and means to abolish the war-thought. He had initiated and was a member of the Tasmanian branch of the League of Nations, and he actively promoted the League of Nations in Australia."
  231. ^ "De Mello Franco was nominated for his role as mediator in the conflict between Colombia and Peru."
  232. ^ "Hull was nominated for his efforts to improve relations between the USA and Latin America. He encouraged détente and a spirit of peace on the American continent through his Pan-American policy, the so-called 'Good Neighbor Policy'. Hull also made efforts to establish a liberal economic policy and to remove international trade restrictions."
  233. ^ "Coubertin was nominated for his efforts to diminish world tensions by reviving and arranging international Olympic Games for amateur athletes in 1894 onwards. He initiated the founding of the International Olympic Committee, and he was its second president (1896-1925)."
  234. ^ "Hoare, together with Pierre Laval, was nominated for developing the so-called Hoare-Laval Plan for the partition of Ethiopian territory between Italy and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). The plan clearly favored Italy, and was not implemented due to British opposition."
  235. ^ "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
  236. ^ "Morehead had been leading the American Lutheran relief work in Europe since 1919, and since 1921 in Russia especially. This relief work had been initiated by the American National Lutheran Council, of which Morehead became President in 1923. He contributed to the founding of the Lutheran World Convention, and he was elected Honorary President of the Convention in 1935."
  237. ^ "Ploetz was the founder of racial hygiene in Germany. He was nominated because he issued a warning against the biological consequences that war inflicted upon human reproduction."
  238. ^ "Vincent was elected President of Haiti in October 1930, by a national assembly (the first since 1918) controlled by nationalists."
  239. ^ "Trujillo Molina seized power in a military revolt against President Horacio Vásquez in 1930."
  240. ^ "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
  241. ^ "Bruce promoted peace and goodwill in international politics, and he expounded the ideals of the Australian people when he represented Australia at various international conferences. He was Prime Minister 1923 to 1929, and Australia's representative to the Council of the League of Nations for three years. He was appointed Australian Resident Minister in London 1932, and High Commissioner from 1933."
  242. ^ "Cases-Carbó promoted Catalan autonomy. He also advocated the formation of a United States of Europe, with a Mediterranean union as its starting point."
  243. ^ "Fimmen was elected secretary both of the International Federation of Transport Workers and the Association of International Trade Unions in 1919. He was forced to leave the latter in 1923; he had encouraged a joint action by the European trade unions against the new dangers of war and for the protection of the German working class. Fimmen was re-elected in 1924, agitating for a proletarian revolution in order to establish a union of free proletarian republics."
  244. ^ "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
  245. ^ "Mukherjee was nominated for his pamphlet War and Peace."
  246. ^ "Gandhi advocated racial, social and political peace, and he was 'a living incarnation of the ideal of peace itself' while leading the Indian nationalist movement in a non-violent struggle against British rule. Gandhi managed to unite conflicting religious groups in peaceful cooperation guided by the ideals of Ahimsa ('noninjury') and Satyagraha ('truth force'). In 1915 he was given the popular title Mahatma (Great Soul) by Rabindranath Tagore."
  247. ^ "Jouhaux was nominated for his efforts to advocate peace and reconciliation between the French and German working classes after World War I. He actively opposed the capitalist interests of the armament industry. Jouhaux promoted peace through his work in the French and the international labor movement. He was also one of the founders of the International Labor Organization."
  248. ^ "Ferris was nominated for his brochure The Democratic Constitution, in which he outlined an electoral system which guaranteed unanimity in choice of every spokesman or representative. This would secure perfect harmony in the counsels of all assemblies, local, national, and international."
  249. ^ "Kautsky was nominated for his works Krieg und Demokratie and Sozialisten und Krieg. He tried to reveal the factors that caused society to go to war and to shed light upon the sociology of war. Kautsky believed that if society knew what caused war, then it would be possible both to prevent war and to establish lasting peace. He based his research on reality and actual facts, and not on some farfetched fantasy. He also fought against civil war ideology."
  250. ^ "Cérésole was the founder of an international voluntary relief service (Service volontaire international pour la paix). The relief service was to be an alternative for conscientious objectors to ordinary military service. The organization acvocated mutual understanding, helpfulness and brotherhood."
  251. ^ "Haile Selassie was nominated for his impressive contribution to uniting the African states, and championing the universally accepted principles of law and international politics."
  252. ^ "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
  253. ^ "Hitler was the leader of the German Nationalist Socialist Party. The nomination was withdrawn by nominator E. G. C. Brandt, an anti-fascist member of the Swedish parliament who never intended his submission to be taken seriously.
  254. ^ "Chamberlain was nominated for his contribution to the Munich Agreement (September 30, 1938). The agreement accepted Hitler's claim that Czechoslovakia had to cede the Sudetenland to Germany. It was seen as a successful attempt to prevent the outbreak of a general war in Europe."
  255. ^ "Churchill was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
  256. ^ "Livinov was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
  257. ^ "Smuts was nominated for his efforts to end World War II. South Africa's main role in the war was to help the allies in preventing Germany and Italy from conquering North Africa."
  258. ^ "Stalin was nominated for his efforts to end World War II."
  259. ^ "Eden was nominated for his efforts to end World War II and for his work to solve the Indo-China conflict."
  260. ^ "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
  261. ^ "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
  262. ^ "Boyd Orr was responsible for Great Britain's food policy during World War II, and he actively promoted international coordination of food supplies. In 1945 the UN Food and Agriculture Organization was formally established, and Boyd Orr became its director-general. He initiated the founding of the International Emergency Food Council in 1946, and its aim was to meet the urgent need to revive agricultural production in order to prevent the famine that threatened numerous countries in the world."
  263. ^ "Beskow was nominated for his work in the Christian peace movement."
  264. ^ "Curtis was nominated for his efforts to organize general education internationally."
  265. ^ "Zimmern was an important contributor to the founding of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)."
  266. ^ "Pius XII was nominated for his peace work during and after World War II."
  267. ^ "For his work for peace in Germany."
  268. ^ "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
  269. ^ "Johannes Ude was nominated because of his peace promoting writings, lectures and actions. He has contributed to peace through his relentless resistance to the Nazi regime, his reform policy, and his pacifist work."
  270. ^ "Aranha was nominated for his peace efforts when he was serving as Brazilian ambassador to the USA, and for his work while serving as president of the UNO."
  271. ^ "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
  272. ^ "Molotov was nominated for his efforts to secure peace and democracy during and after World War II."
  273. ^ "Bustamante advocated international co-operation, especially in Latin America. He wanted to use international law as a means to achieve mutual understanding and to establish a common law system that could be used to solve international disputes."
  274. ^ "Guerrero was nominated for his work as President of the Permanent International Court of Justice and the International Court of Justice. He was instrumental in ensuring the Court's survival of WWII. In 1945 he published the book Organisation Internationale de la Paix, arguing that an international government invested with limited powers should be established. In 1946 he initiated a conference where five Central-American states discussed the possibility of a federation. Guerrero was considered the most prominent representative of international law and arbitration."
  275. ^ "Renner was nominated for his peace work during World War I, and for his policy in favour of the principles of the UNO after World War II."
  276. ^ "Wallenberg was nominated for his efforts to rescue Hungarian Jews during World War II. In 1944, he established 'protected houses' flying the flags of neutral countries, where Jews could be protected from deportation to concentration camps. He also distributed food and clothing to Jewish prisoners and tried to provide some of them with papers and money so that they could escape from the Nazis. Wallenberg advocated peace and humanitarianism through his work for Jewish refugees."
  277. ^ R. Wallenberg was arrested by Soviet authorities in Hungary in January 1945. He was sent to a prison in the Soviet Union, and it is assumed that he died imprisoned in 1947.
  278. ^ "For his work for an international Peaceforce."
  279. ^ "Milhaud was nominated for his works on international political economy."
  280. ^ "Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt was nominated for his efforts to create free and independent Europe, and his contribution to peace through organizations and literature."
  281. ^ "Harry S. Truman was nominated for his efforts to promote brotherhood of nations, and establish international associations to achieve a lasting peace."
  282. ^ 1950: "Cassin was nominated for his work to promote peace and human rights, contributing to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
  283. ^ "McCoy was nominated for his work to democratize Japan after World War II."
  284. ^ "Pearson had organized 'The friendship train', a voluntary relief program for Europe."
  285. ^ a b "Juan and Evita Perón were nominated for their humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
  286. ^ "Tocornal was nominated for his contribution to international law, especially Latin American relations."
  287. ^ "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
  288. ^ "Bunche was nominated for his successful mediation in the first Arab-Israeli war (1948-1949). He made the conflicting parties agree to an armistice in 1949. The nominators also emphasized the fact that Bunche was colored, and that the Nobel Committee would contribute to peace itself by awarding the Peace Prize to him."
  289. ^ "Marshall was nominated for the Marshall Plan (The European Recovery Program) which he proposed in 1947. The nominator emphasized the Marshall Plan's value as a peace-keeping factor."
  290. ^ "Häfliger was nominated for his work as representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross during World War II."
  291. ^ "King Paul I was nominated for his contribution to end the Greek civil war. The nominators emphasized the importance of his efforts in the cause of peace."
  292. ^ "Reves was nominated for his work to establish a world government."
  293. ^ "Evatt was nominated for his work in United Nations."
  294. ^ a b "Mensching and Trocmé were nominated on behalf of the American Friends Service Committee."
  295. ^ "Lemkin was nominated for his efforts to prevent genocide and for his contribution to the convention concerning genocide."
  296. ^ "Nehru established parliamentary government in India, and he had been one of the principal leaders of the independence movement. He was nominated for his neutralist foreign policy and for upholding the same principles as Gandhi."
  297. ^ "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was nominated for his courageous struggle for peace and reconciliation among the nations. Through his work in international organizations like U.N.E.S.C.O and his intellectual pre-eminence and scholarly writings Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan has consistently laboured for international Peace. He is noted for promoting international understanding by emphasising the unity of spiritual values and the great thruths which have been revealed to all."
  298. ^ "Chauduri was nominated for his book A Constitution for World Government and for his work for World Peace and World Federation."
  299. ^ "Corti founded the first Pestalozzi Children's Village in Switzerland to care for orphans and refugees displaced by the World War II."
  300. ^ "Hutchins worked for international understanding and for the establishment of a world government."
  301. ^ "Clarence Streit was nominated for his conception of a Federal Union of the self-governing democracies. The work done by Mr. Streit in supporting a convention of the Atlantic Democracies was of substantial corollary benefit toward the unity of the western world. Streit was noted for his work to establish a world government and for cooperation in Europe."
  302. ^ "Allawerdi promoted music as an important factor in international peace work."
  303. ^ "Dobson was nominated for his philanthropism, especially his efforts to fund international friendship journeys."
  304. ^ "Honegger was nominated for his effort to promote international understanding through educational means."
  305. ^ "Hyde was nominated for his authorship on international law and his significant scholarly contribution to several arbitration cases."
  306. ^ "Jackson was nominated for his contribution to the prosecution of German war criminals in the Nuremberg trials."
  307. ^ "Paulet was nominated for his work for reconciliation between different classes and nationalities through the organization Parti Travailliste Français."
  308. ^ "Shawcross was the chief British prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials (1945-46). He was nominated for his contribution to the prosecution of German war criminals and his determination to bring justice to the victims of the war."
  309. ^ "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
  310. ^ "Vauthier was the founder and the director of the International University Sanitarium in Leysin in Switzerland. He promoted international understanding."
  311. ^ "Buchmann was nominated for his peace efforts, especially his work in the Moral Rearmament movement. He founded the movement in 1920s as the Oxford Group. It based its teaching on the 'Four Absolutes' (honesty, purity, unselfishness, love). Later, as the MRA (1938), it became more involved in political and social issues, particularly during the Cold War period when its anticommunist orientation found a receptive climate."
  312. ^ "Dreyfus was nominated for a book about the presupposition of a world organization."
  313. ^ "Trygve Halvdan Lie was nominated for his great contributions to many peaceful solutions in international conflicts, as former Secretary-General of the UN he has been a great promotor of international peace."
  314. ^ "For his contribution in founding the United Nations and his literary work on international issues."
  315. ^ "Lester Bowles Pearson was nominated for his effective contribution to the organization of a firm structure of peace an international organization. Pearson has been largely responsible for the growth of Canadas influence in world affairs, and has on several occasions played a leading role as mediator and negotiator in the crises which the United Nations has had to face."
  316. ^ "For his work for a World Government."
  317. ^ "For his contribution to bring about reconsiliation between the Great Power Countries and th United Nations."
  318. ^ "For his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly."
  319. ^ "Nominated for his books on World Government."
  320. ^ "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
  321. ^ "Nominated for his Pan-American work and his contribution for creating international understanding."
  322. ^ "For his literary work on social-political and international issues."
  323. ^ "Nominated for having founded a reform school in Heidelberg in 1910 and later after moving to Switzerland a similar school there, the Ecole d'Humanité."
  324. ^ "Kersten was nominated for his work to save civilian POWs from German concentration camp, his contribution to peace and his efforts to save human lives during the Second World War."
  325. ^ "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
  326. ^ "For his work as UN Commisionar in Eritrea"
  327. ^ "For his work as Secretary General in The Interparlamentarian Union."
  328. ^ "For his work to improve economic undeveloped areas."
  329. ^ "For his literary work on international problems."
  330. ^ "For his work for establishing the International Court of Justice."
  331. ^ "Nominated for his work as UN negotiator in the Netherland/Indonesia conflict, and as UN representative in India and Pakistan."
  332. ^ "For his work in the League of Nations and UN."
  333. ^ "Nominated for his work in UN and his work for Pan-americanism."
  334. ^ "Candido Mariano de Silva Rondon was nominated for his activities in favour of the indians of Brazil. He also promoted peace while acting as a president of the Arbitration Committee in the conflict between Columbia and Peru, concerning Leticia."
  335. ^ "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
  336. ^ "For his work as leader of Worlds Health Organisation andfor creating a most valuable tool for peace through their literary works."
  337. ^ "Josué de Castro was nominated for his active part in all organisations working for world peace, especially his outstanding service to the establishment of permanent peace and towards the abolishment of hunger."
  338. ^ "For his book The Tragedy of the Baltic States and his work in a D.P. camp."
  339. ^ "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
  340. ^ "Nominated for his work for reconciliation among nations."
  341. ^ "Earl Attlee was nominated for his fine work for the cause of world government, amongst other work, speaking on numerous occasions in the House of Lords and for his support to the League of Nations before 1939 and to the United Nations since 1945."
  342. ^ "For his work for peace and his country."
  343. ^ "Davies was nominated for his work for a World Parliament. He was a member of the Liberal Party and was the leader of the party from 1945 til 1956 and was also President of the Parliamentary Association for World Government."
  344. ^ "He has, since 1904, used his life for better understanding between East and West and for promoting peace in the world."
  345. ^ "For his effort in negotiations ending the Indochina War."
  346. ^ "For his work for a democratic Germany, and for including Germany in a European Community."
  347. ^ "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women´s International League for Peace and Freedom."
  348. ^ "Dwight Eisenhower was nominated for his many acts to prevent war and ensure world Peace, and for his work for peace and for his "atoms for peace" program presented for the U.N."
  349. ^ "William V. S. Tubman was nominated for his efforts in favor of the independence movement in Africa and his work to ensure democratic conditions in the new states."
  350. ^ "For his work for peace and reconciliation."
  351. ^ "He has discovered the fundamentals of peace amongst the various races whose Creeds differ, namely accepting the one Harmonizing Fact of One Great Spirit."
  352. ^ "For his work as an artist and humanitarian."
  353. ^ "Martin Buber was nominated for his effort of creating an understanding between Israelis and Arabs."
  354. ^ "Frank Charles Laubach was nominated for his devoted work to equalize the opportunities off all people. In particular, he instigated and was the Chief Executor of a program to dispell illiteracy in all parts of the world."
  355. ^ "Dominique Pire was nominated for his work to aid refugees in Europe. Also for his idea of creating homes for elderly refugees by making European villages is very original, but very practical."
  356. ^ "Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld was nominated for his effective personal efforts to create peace. Hammarskjöld has contributed to the establishment of peace in the world in may ways, especially through his position as Secretary-General of the UN."
  357. ^ "Jan Bata was the founder and chief executor of a large-scale, self-supporting colonization project in Brazil, the humanitarian scope and non-political nature of his work towards peace was particularly worthy of recognition."
  358. ^ "Ole Fredrik Olden was nominated for his contribution to peace through his lectures, as chairman in the Norwegian Peace Organization and the Norwegian Peace Council, and as the Chief Editor of the Norwegian peace publication Verden Venter. His speeches at the international congresses have been of great value and inspiration."
  359. ^ "Alfred Parker was nominated for his initiative to nominate August 6th (the International Peace Commemoration Day), and organizing the International Peace Committee. Dr. Parker was also the founder of a peace movement where fruit trees are planted in big cities to secure foods to be divided to all citizens concerned."
  360. ^ "Charles Gibrin was nominated for his work for 'brotherhood of man' by adopting common measures to protect against nuclear danger, and take lead in the defence of peace because when better organized, risk of being attacked is less."
  361. ^ "Boris Gourevitch was nominated for composing the two volume work, The Road to Peace and to Moral Democracy. This work necessitated twelve years of research and writing, describes a thorough and coherent doctrine for the redirection of international law and of the world economy into paths leading to peace and social progress."
  362. ^ "For his exceptional talents to create harmony between the people´s and the organization of peace among Nations"
  363. ^ "Joseph Retinger was nominated for European cooperation."
  364. ^ "Mehr Chand Davar was nominated for working ceaselessly and devotedly for the cause of national and international peace and promoting Hindu-Muslim unity."
  365. ^ "Norman Cousins was nominated for his services to the ideas of world peace, and for challenging the policy and practice of nuclear defense and warfare."
  366. ^ a b "Alva and Gunnar Myrdal were nominated for their many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
  367. ^ "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
  368. ^ "Robert Debré was nominated for his work worldwide with child protection."
  369. ^ "Werenfried Van Straaten was nominated for his work with helping clerical refugees from Eastern Europe."
  370. ^ "Constantine Diamantopoulos was nominated for his authorship about international subjects."
  371. ^ "Norman Bentwich was nominated for his contribution of encouraging the understanding between races and nations."
  372. ^ "Louis Sohn, together with Grensville Clark, was nominated for engaging in comprehensive efforts to formulate in full detail world institutions which are essential for the achievement of total disarmament and the establishment of effective world law for the prevention of war."
  373. ^ "Grenville Clark was nominated for working towards developing an effective organization for world peace, which resulted in his book World Peace through World Law. He has also been meeting with the leaders of the world to advance the cause of world peace."
  374. ^ "Beniamino Bufano was nominated for his work for folk reconciliation."
  375. ^ "Oskar Helmer was nominated for his work with refugees."
  376. ^ "Nobusuka Kishi was nominated for his work for disarmament and banning of nuclear weapons."
  377. ^ "Howard A. Rusk was nominated for his rehabilitation work."
  378. ^ "Bichare Tabbah was nominated for his juristical work and authorship."
  379. ^ "Felix Kir was nominated for his work with mutual 'adoption' of cities around the world."
  380. ^ "Basil O'Connor was nominated for his humanitarian contribution internationally regarding poliomyelitis."
  381. ^ "Eugene Black was nominated as President of the Internal Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Through the years he has facilitated the development of electric power, roads, sea ports, factories, schools and health care all over the World."
  382. ^ "Charles Braibant was nominated for his contribution to international cooperation between archivists, for his work in the cause of peace through his wrintings with a strong pacifist convition, and his work with International Archive Associations and facilitating understanding between people of different nationalities."
  383. ^ "Hermann Gmeiner was nominated for his work with the SOS Children's Villages as it promotes understanding and reconciliation between people, and providing a solution to one of the most painful post-war problems."
  384. ^ "Frederick Buick was nominated in recognition of his dedicated work for the cause of world peace. With his devotion to this all important cause he has accomplished a great deal for its consummation during major crisises. He is a contributor and editor of the bulletin The Gist."
  385. ^ "Raoul Follereau was nominated for his exemplary devotion to the cause of the lepers, with a decisive influence on the outcome of the battle against leprosy."
  386. ^ "Cyrus S. Eaton was nominated for his contribution with organizing the so-called 'Pugwash-conference' with participants of well-known scientists from various countries, and for his unswerving devotion to friendship and understanding among nations of the world, especially between the Soviet Union and the United States."
  387. ^ "Umberto Campagnolo was nominated for his contribution to the European cultural debate."
  388. ^ "Albert J. Luthuli was nominated for his non-violence methods in the struggle for equality between races in South Africa."
  389. ^ "Linus Pauling was nominated for his lectures and initiating debates concerning the importancy of demolishing or restricting weapons of mass destruction."
  390. ^ Pauling is the second nominee to win two Nobel Prizes after Marie Curie.
  391. ^ "Arnaldo Fortini was nominated for his work with national reconciliation since World War I."
  392. ^ "José Gonzales Garcia was nominated for his work with inter-American cooperation."
  393. ^ "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
  394. ^ a b "The twinbrothers Angelo and Salvatore Jaguinto was nominated for their work with an international legal system since 1914."
  395. ^ "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
  396. ^ "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
  397. ^ "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
  398. ^ "Lutz was nominated for his humanitarian efforts to save Hungarian Jews from Nazi persecution when he was Swiss ambassador in Budapest during the Second World War."
  399. ^ "Luigi Spinelli was nominated for having written Pace universale e governo dei popoli."
  400. ^ "Fenner Brockway was nominated for throughout his entire life having worked unremittingly for peace, for freedom and for human well-being."
  401. ^ "Vinoba Bhave was nominated for his long commitment to peace and social reform, and great work for peace in the middle of Asia."
  402. ^ "Charles Alexandrowicz was nominated for founding the Indian Year Book of International Affairs and the Grotian Society, and through these strengthening the bonds between the nations of the world, especially those of Asia and the West."
  403. ^ "Danilo Dolci was nominated for the social and peace-promoting work to which he has dedicated his life, helping the desperately poor in western Sicily and his considerable success in leading them in nonviolent ways."
  404. ^ "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
  405. ^ "Urho Kekkonen was nominated for his tireless efforts and success at keeping peace and security in the Nordic countries, and therefore contributing to civic peace and reconciliation in the World."
  406. ^ "Dr. E. Stanley Jones was nominated for his more than 50 year long missionary work in India. Through his Christian preaching he has contributed to reconciliation and inspired Christian values amongst people. He has also authored many literary works."
  407. ^ "Fritz von Unruh was nominated for his poetry and literary impact on the German society after the Second World War. Through his literary work and his speeches, he has served the cause of peace and understanding amongst peoples."
  408. ^ "James William Fulbright was nominated for his significant role in the initiation or support of U.S Government policies such as the provision of economic and technical assistance to other nations, disarmament under international supervision, and persistent support for self-determination on the part of the people of the old colonial empires."
  409. ^ "Bertrand Russell was nominated as a philosopher, teacher and writer promoting Peace and preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, and for focusing his energy and abilities to the work of preventing a third war and thermonuclear extermination of millions of human beings."
  410. ^ "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
  411. ^ "Heinrich Grüber was nominated for his work during the Nazi Regime in Germany on behalf of persecuted persons. He has later continued his work for racial, religious and political minorities, and is fighting discrimination wherever it may appear."
  412. ^ "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
  413. ^ "Fook-Woo Poon was nominated for his literary work. His book Welfare State is a practical and concrete contribution to ensure world Peace."
  414. ^ "Daisetz Suzuki was nominated for his high cultural achievements."
  415. ^ "Stephen Galatti was nominated as founder and director of American Field Service International Scholarships. Through his organization he as contributed to spreading knowledge and understanding between the countries, and in this way laid the foundation for peaceful coexistence."
  416. ^ "Adolfo Lopez Mateos was nominated for his many action to create a more peaceful world. He is pacifist and humanitarian, and has done much to prevent war."
  417. ^ "Gordon Gilkey was nominated for advocating peace and international understanding to preserve the monuments of life and art through education and international cultural understanding."
  418. ^ "Yogi Maharshi Makesh was nominated for his work for individual inner peace, peace within the community and for world peace, and for founding the Spiritual Regeneration Movement, and through his meditation method which has brought peace to hundreds of thousands of people."
  419. ^ "Paul Gray Hoffman was nominated for his work and administration of the Marshall plan. In addition he has served on the Boards of Directors of numerous organizations, working in unofficial ways to promote understanding and world co-operation."
  420. ^ "Josip Bros Tito was nominated for his persistent fight for peace and justice in the World."
  421. ^ "Martin Luther King Jr. was nominated for his work and witness which promotes the dignity and worth of the human person, and for his efforts in a nonviolence campaign in favor of the civil rights of blacks in the United States."
  422. ^ "Jess Gorkin was nominated for proposing and campaigning for the direct telephone connection (The Hot Line) between Washington and Moscow which was established in 1963."
  423. ^ "Josef Lukl Hromádka was nominated for his efforts in the ecumenical movement, and working for peace and understanding between people."
  424. ^ "Lyndon Baines Johnson was nominated for his devotion to world sympathy and understanding, and for steering American foreign policy towards peaceful channels with an adherence to international cooperation."
  425. ^ "Woodland Kahler was nominated for his work as President of the International Vegetarian Union, whose work encourage fraternization across borders and species."
  426. ^ "Joseph Needham was nominated for his efforts to tear down ancient barriers which divide mankind, especially those between China and the west. His work Science and Civilisation in China is his main effort."
  427. ^ "Paul-Henri Spaak was nominated for advocating with eloquence and conviction for a close union of the European countries, highlighting the community of culture that exists."
  428. ^ "Norman Thomas was nominated for his effort to achieve the test ban treaty and universal disarmament, and his wholehearted dedication to the cause of peace."
  429. ^ "Hans Thirring was nominated for his work in the international peace movement and his fight against the misindoctrination of youth through the educational system. His involvement in UNESCO and the Pugwash conferences is also emphasized."
  430. ^ "Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was nominated for introducing important social reforms in Iran that helped secure peace in the Middle East, and negotiating in a conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan from 1961 to 1963."
  431. ^ "Guido Guida was nominated for founding the 'Centro Internazionale Radio-Medico', an organization that offers medical advice to all seaborne vessels that need it, promoting the idea that humanity is without borders."
  432. ^ "Abraham Vereide was nominated for his work towards the elimination of war from society, and efforts toward world-brotherhood and interracial fraternity through his Christian payer and action group."
  433. ^ "Marc Joux was nominated for his work to create a climate for thought and action, a public movement, in favour of enhancing human condiions and a grander peace, and in bringing forth ideas that may create a movement to facilitate a broad and solid international understanding in a climate of détente and security."
  434. ^ "Karl Arne Geijer was nominated for his valuable work in the international trade union movement. This work has contributed to the lessening of world tensions and has facilitated the ordlerly transformation of many areas from a colonial status to independence. He has made a significant contribution to the peace of the world."
  435. ^ "Mohammed Hedjazi was nominated for his eminence as a pacifist writer."
  436. ^ "Galo Plaza Lasso was nominated for his extensive and successfull [sic] peace-making, and the unusual ability he has demonstrated in this work. He has a career of distinguished national service, and has been willing to undertake arduous, hazardous and extremely vital international assignments in pursuit of peace."
  437. ^ "Adlai Ewig Stevenson II was nominated for his great and lasting contribution to the cause of world peace through his diplomatic skill in the council halls of the United Nations."
  438. ^ "Shigeru Yoshida was nominated for his efforts to prevent the Pacific War although it was in vain, and his devotion to the restoration of peace."
  439. ^ "Situ U Thant was nominated for his efforts in promoting peace as a representant of his country and later as secretary-general of the UN, and for his efforts to create the conditions that are necessary for negotiation, which in their turn could lead to peace and relieve tension in the world."
  440. ^ "Paulus VI was nominated for his efforts for universal reconciliation, shown in various statements that was given during his visit to Jordan and Israel."
  441. ^ "Jan Tinbergen was nominated for contributing to a more rational economic policy and co-ordinated planning in western countries, and devoting himself to the improvement of standards of living in poor countries."
  442. ^ "Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba was nominated for his efforts towards a peaceful coexistence between the Arab world and Israel."
  443. ^ "Joseph Leo Cardijn was nominated for his great achievements for the cause of peace through the worldwide establishment of the movement he founded, the Young Christian Workers, and his untiring quest for universal brotherhood resting on social justice."
  444. ^ "Leopold Sedar Senghor was nomianted for his efforts to bring people together in friendship and cultural understanding."
  445. ^ "Adam Rapacki was nominated for having done pioneering work in expanding and strengthening Poland's foreign relations, thus paving the way to relaxation of tension and to the consolidation of friendly relations and cooperation between East and West.."
  446. ^ "Joaquin Sanz Gadea was nominated for his humanitarian activities as a doctor in contributing to the peace in Stanleyville and in Kisangani, without thinking of politics, race or religion."
  447. ^ "Kathiresu Ramachandra was nominated for having dedicated his life to the cause of peace. His peace mission promotes inter-communal, inter-racial harmony on the local levels, inter-religious harmony and international understanding and peace."
  448. ^ "Binay Ranjan Sen was nominated for his exceptional contribution to the peace of the world through his work at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)."
  449. ^ "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
  450. ^ "Quincy Wright was nominated for his work as an international jurist, social scientist, and pioneer of peace research."
  451. ^ "Norman Ernest Borlaug was nominated because of the great impact his research on wheat has had in the field of food distribution in developing countries. Such an improvement on the social and economic circumstances of people in the poor part of the world is an important contribution to the creation of a stabile international environment."
  452. ^ "Alfonso Garcia Robles was nominated for his work in negotiating the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, and for his other services to international goodwill and understanding."
  453. ^ "Yoshio Koya was nominated for his many outstanding services to humanity. It is largely through his pioneering efforts as a world-renowned gynaecologist that the birth rate and rate of induced abortions in Japan have declined."
  454. ^ "Eric Wyndham White was nominated for his ability to protect the principle of international economy, establish the foundation for future development of the world trade, and preserve the world peace in this way."
  455. ^ "Y. C. James Yen was nominated for having devoted his life to finding effective solutions to common problems that plague the rural population in developing countries, and enabling them to realize their great human potential, for the ultimate benefit of themselves and of all mankind. He has contributed in a most effective manner to strengthening the foundations of world peace."
  456. ^ "Halvard Lange was nominated for his valiant effort on behalf of effectively organizing and maintaining the peaceful coexistence of all nations, for his efforts to normalize the circumstances in Europe after the Second World War and further reconciliation and understanding. He has given his whole life to the service of peace and understanding between peoples."
  457. ^ "Ralph White was nominated for his many scientific contributions to brotherhood among nations by advancing the scientific study of psychological causes of international misunderstanding and war."
  458. ^ "John S. Knight was nominated for having courageously waged an editorial campaign for the causes of international and domestic peace for decades. By personal example and as a publisher and editor of several distinguished newspapers he has been a leader in the fight for tolerance."
  459. ^ "Frans Hemerijckx was nominated for devoting his life to help people suffering from leprosy in Africa and Asia."
  460. ^ "Vincent Ferrer was nominated for having revitalized an ever-widening area of famine-threatened India with a movement based on the most fundamental of human values, a most significant contribution to the achievement of peace in our age. His work recognizes a significant change in the objective of missionary endeavours and leads directly to uplifting the poor and exploited by means of education and self-help projects."
  461. ^ "René Maheu was nominated as Director General of UNESCO. The organization and its achievements have born the impress of his leadership, which has been marked by extraordinary vision, strength and wisdom."
  462. ^ "Ernst Bloch was nominated as a representative of the prophetic-messianic ideas and the peace idea."
  463. ^ "John Collins was nominated for his devotion and altruistic work towards the cause of peace. He has also undertaken great humanitarian efforts through organizations like the Christian Action and the Defence and Aid International, which he created."
  464. ^ "Giorgio la Pira was nominated for his work as a scholar and teacher, and as an indefatigable promoter of initiatives in favor of peace in the world."
  465. ^ "Alexander Dubček was nominated for the vital contributions he has made to the interest of enduring peace. He has never lost sight of the ultimate goal of trying to bring about an effective formula for total disarmament among the great powers with an accepted system of mutual inspection."
  466. ^ "William Chapman Foster was nominated for his most praiseworthy endeavor towards and recognition of the need of peace for all mankind, especially in connection with bringing to fruition the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and all that he has contributed to the cause of peace since he was made Director of the United States Arms Control Agency and Disarmament Agency."
  467. ^ "John Davison Rockefeller was nominated for, throughout his life, having attempted to contribute to peace and the well-being of mankind without regard to race, religion, ideological differences, diversity of national origin or cultural background."
  468. ^ "Noam Chomsky was nominated for his great practical and theoretical contribution to the American peace movement, and hence to the cause of world peace."
  469. ^ "Harry Willis Miller was nominated for his work to build the foundations for world peace."
  470. ^ "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
  471. ^ "William Bertalan Walsh was nominated as the founder, president and medical director of Project HOPE, the world's first peacetime hospital ship. HOPE's accomplishments in international understanding, friendship and health have, and will continue to have, an effect on world peace."
  472. ^ "Herman B. Wells was nominated for being a pioneer and a continuing and successful protagonist in the struggle towards peace."
  473. ^ "Athenagoras I was nominated for his work to bring together and harmonize the different churches in a spirit of true Christianity."
  474. ^ "Paul Dudley White was nominated for his extraordinary merit for peaceful understanding and friendly co-operation between cardiologists all over the world. He has dedicated his life to furthering the liberal ideas of international humanism and demonstrating how small and large countries can participate in the friendly settlement of serious medical problems."
  475. ^ "Alfred Verdross was nominated for his works, teachings, and efforts to strengthen solidarity between peoples and establish a world order that promotes the well-being of mankind. He has, theoretically and practically, in Austria and in the whole world, worked towards peace and its institutional realization."
  476. ^ "Radwanski was nominated for his literary work which has opened the prospect of a new and realizable level of international harmony above all racial, national, and ideological boundaries."
  477. ^ "Charles Kaisel Bliss was nominated for creating a most valuable tool for peace through his literary works."
  478. ^ "Spurgeon Milton Keeny was nominated for his dedication and concern for the welfare of humanity. He has devotedly worked towards bettering the state of life for peoples in the world and contributed greatly to the fight against diseases and later population control in Asia."
  479. ^ "Elie Wiesel was nominated for being a messenger of peace and brotherhood, fighting in for the cause of human rights and building bridges between generations through his literary works."
  480. ^ "François Duvalier was nominated for his philosophy and his work for the poor masses of his country."
  481. ^ "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."
  482. ^ "Eugene Carson Blake was nominated for being a leader in the ecumenical movement, civil and human rights, and world peace."
  483. ^ "Isaac Lewin was nominated for his literary works and his fight against discrimination and for the promotion of human rights."
  484. ^ "Hélder Câmara was nominated for his unique role in one of the poorest areas of Latin-America as a leader of the progressive minority of the Catholic Church. Furthermore, he has been a leading spokesman for non-violent methods to further social change and he has played an important international role by contributing to a greater understanding in industrialized countries of the social reality in one of the poorest areas in the world."
  485. ^ "Willy Brandt was nominated for his part in bringing about accords that have been among the most important events in the post-war period in favour of international détente and peace. His conduct was both a great symbol of humility and remorse for the past and a great promise for the future."
  486. ^ "R. Buckminster Fuller was nominated for his seminal vision of a world community in which architecture among other arts can create common positive goals to bring people together."
  487. ^ "Arvid Pardo was nominated for his exceptional initiative and outstanding contribution in promoting the peaceful uses of the ocean bed for the benefit of all mankind."
  488. ^ "Cesar Chavez was nominated for the quality of leadership he has shown in the long struggle of farmworkers for human dignity. Through persevering efforts, he seeks to combat poverty and injustice and build a new quality of relationship between men."
  489. ^ "Herbert York was nominated his efforts to de-escalate the arms race and keep political decisions in the hands of representatives of the people and away from machines and military men. He has been a civilizing influence on the government of his country."
  490. ^ a b "Tage Erlander and Einar Gerhardsen were nominated for contributing to co-operative policy in the Nordic countries and further understanding and tolerance across borders."
  491. ^ "Lyudmil Stoyanov was nominated for being an outstanding peace partisan, anti-fascist, and humanist. He has been an outstanding fighter for peace, social progress and the welfare of all people."
  492. ^ "Randolph P. Compton was nominated for his impressive work for peace."
  493. ^ "Carl E. C. Bonnevie was nominated for his tireless work for the cause of peace."
  494. ^ "Stefan Wyszynski was nominated for his efforts to mediate disputes and prevent violence which could have had tragic consequences for social order and peace."
  495. ^ "Francisco Arasa was nominated for his initiatives and work to create better understanding among men, which are of extraordinary importance for peace in our time."
  496. ^ "Michel Stassinopoulos was nominated for his courage to uphold the law over directives from the Colonels to remove a judge."
  497. ^ "Jean Monnet was nominated for his utmost important contribution to securing long lasting peace."
  498. ^ a b "Claudio Villas Bôas and Orlando Villas Bôas were nominated in recognition of their lifelong struggle to save the Indians in Amazonia, and their unique achievements in approaching and pacifying primitive tribes and protecting them in Brazil's first national park."

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  5. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Passy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  12. ^ "Nomination Archive – Baroness Bertha Sophie von Suttner". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  13. ^ "Nomination Archive – Conrad Beyer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  16. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Mühlberger". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Nomination Archive – Czar Nikolai II of Russia". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  20. ^ "Nomination Archive – Policarpo Petrochi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Spencer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  24. ^ "Nomination Archive – Merlin Hector". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  25. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustave Moynier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  26. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jan Jacob Lodewijk ten Kate". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  27. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fyodor Fyodorovich (Frédéric) Martens". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  28. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lev Nikolaevich (Leo) Tolstoy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Thomas Stead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eduard Loewenthal". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Nomination Archive – Belva Ann Lockwood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Richter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Nomination of Benjamin Franklin Trueblood (United States), Otto Umfrid (Germany), The Danish Peace Association (Denmark), The Norwegian Peace Association (Norway) and The Swedish Peace and Arbitration League (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1915". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Umfrid". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Nomination Archive – Chevalier Edouard Eugène F Descamps". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  36. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gaetano (Umano0 Meale". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Nomination Archive – Guglielmo Ferrero". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  38. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Bajer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  39. ^ "Nomination Archive – Klas Pontus Arnoldson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  41. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cesare Bounfanti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  42. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kamarowsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  43. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johann Martin Schleyer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  44. ^ "Nomination Archive – John E Matthew Vincent". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  45. ^ "Nomination of Lewis Appleton (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1902". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Nomination of Bartolo Longo (Italy) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1903". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bartolo Longo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  48. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Polo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  49. ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Arturo de Marcoartu". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  50. ^ "Nomination Archive – Urbain Gohier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  51. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerald A Lowther". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  52. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir William Barrington". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  53. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moritz Adler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  54. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanislaus von Korwin-Dzbanski". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  55. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mathis Lussy". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  56. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emil Strauss". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  57. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Theodor Lund". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  58. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Henry Love". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  59. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hodgson Pratt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  60. ^ "Nomination Archive – Priscilla Hannah Peckover". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  61. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Renault". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  62. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant (Baron de Constant de Rébecque)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  63. ^ "Nomination of Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsen (Norway), Fredrik Bajer (Denmark) and Klas Pontus Arnoldson (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1904". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  64. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  65. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Bion". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  66. ^ "Nomination Archive – Augusto Pierantoni". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  67. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Worthington Statham". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  68. ^ "Nomination of Henriette Verdier Vinteler de Weindeck (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1904". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  69. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  70. ^ "Nomination of William Evans Darby (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1907". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  71. ^ a b c d "Nomination of Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen (France), Émile Arnaud (France), Adolph Ricther (Germany), Ludwig Quidde (Germany), J. G. Alexander (United Kingdom), William Evans Darby (United Kingdom) and Felix Stone Moscheles (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1914". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  72. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Evans Darby". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  73. ^ "Nomination Archive – Julien Hersant". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  74. ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Arfa Mirza Rhiza Khan". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  75. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Smet de Naeyer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  76. ^ "Nomination Archive – Thomas Barclay". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  77. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Bartholdt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  78. ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodore Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  79. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Hjalmar Branting". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  80. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francisco Francisco y Diaz". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  81. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Milton Hay". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  82. ^ "Nomination Archive – Léon Walras". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  83. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Westlake". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  84. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles William Smith". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  85. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Nys". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  86. ^ "Nomination of William McDowell (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1917". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  87. ^ "Nomination Archive – William O McDowell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  88. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edvard Wavrinsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  89. ^ "Nomination Archive – John William Strawson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  90. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erving Winslow". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  91. ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Adam Wiszniewski". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  92. ^ "Nomination Archive – C Leadbetter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  93. ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron Pierre Dutilh de la Tuque". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  94. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otfried Nippold". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  95. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Lazare Zamenhof". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  96. ^ "Nomination Archive – Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  97. ^ "Nomination Archive – Russell Lowell Jones". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  98. ^ "Nomination Archive – Luigi Luzzati". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  99. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Keith Smiley". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  100. ^ "Nomination Archive – Andrew Carnegie". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  101. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Joseph I". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  102. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Vrba". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  103. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rafael Altamira y Crevea". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  104. ^ "Nomination Archive – Auguste-Marie-François Beernaert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  105. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hermann Fried". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  106. ^ "Nomination of Elihu Root (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1910". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  107. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elihu Root". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  108. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nagao Ariga". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  109. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Frost". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  110. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sebastião Magalhães Lima". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  111. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Robert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  112. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Tobar". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  113. ^ "Nomination of Clifford Stevens Walton (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1909". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  114. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pasquale Fiore". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  115. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexandre Mérignhac". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  116. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Starr Jordan". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  117. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Marie La Fontaine". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  118. ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Alphonse de Bourbon et d'Autriche-Este". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  119. ^ "Nomination Archive – H Davenport". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  120. ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Hugo Duras". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  121. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Liaptchew". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  122. ^ "Nomination Archive – Milovan G Milovanovitch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  123. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lord Philip James Weardale (Stanhope)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  124. ^ "Nomination Archive – Angela de Oliveira Cezar de Costa". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  125. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Charles Wright Macara". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  126. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jakob Münter". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  127. ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Michel Tyszkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  128. ^ "Nomination Archive – Tobias Michael Carel Asser". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  129. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Raleigh Mott". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  130. ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron José Maria da Silva Rio Branco (Paranhos Jr)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  131. ^ "Nomination of Ernest Shackleton (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1911". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  132. ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Sergey Yulyevich Witte". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  133. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gaston Moch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  134. ^ "Nomination Archive – Felix Stone Moscheles". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  135. ^ "Nomination Archive – Philipp Zorn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  136. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Emperor William II". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  137. ^ "Nomination Archive – Émile Arnaud". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  138. ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Albert Apponyi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  139. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Förster". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  140. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  141. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Ralph Norman Angell Lane". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  142. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Robert Richet". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  143. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jerome Internoscia". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  144. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maxim Maximovich Kovalevsky". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  145. ^ "Nomination Archive – Federico Poch Martinez". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  146. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marquis Ramonde Dalmau d´Olivart". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  147. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Paul) Martin Rade". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  148. ^ "Nomination Archive – Estanislas Severo Zeballos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  149. ^ a b c d e "Nomination of Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne (Viscount Cecil of Chelwood) (United Kingdom), Knut Hammarskjöld (Sweden), Baron Albéric Rolin-Jacquemyns (Belgium), Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen (France), Walter Schücking (Germany) and James Brown Scott (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1922". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  150. ^ a b "Nomination of Théodore Ruyssen (France) and Helene Stöcker (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  151. ^ "Nomination Archive – Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  152. ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Eckstein". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  153. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Auguste Benjamin H Houzeau de Lehaie". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  154. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Feldhaus". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  155. ^ "Nomination Archive – Guido Fusinato". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  156. ^ "Nomination Archive – Captain Frederick William Herbert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  157. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edwin Doak Mead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  158. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lucia True Ames Mead". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  159. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Howard Taft". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  160. ^ "Nomination Archive – Benjamin Franklin Trueblood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  161. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  162. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Frederik von Savornin Lohman". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  163. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Sundblad". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  164. ^ "Nomination Archive – Tomás Garrigue Masaryk". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  165. ^ "Nomination Archive – Christian Lous Lange". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  166. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ludwig Quidde". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  167. ^ "Nomination Archive – Luis Marìa Drago". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  168. ^ "Nomination Archive – Émile Riquiez". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  169. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wssewolod Tscheschichin". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  170. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edoardo Giretti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  171. ^ "Nomination Archive – Homer Le Roy Boyle". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  172. ^ "Nomination Archive – Antonio Serra y Morant". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  173. ^ "Nomination Archive – Enrico Bignami". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  174. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nils Claus Ihlen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  175. ^ "Nomination Archive – Knut Agathon Wallenberg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  176. ^ "Nomination Archive – Svetomir Nicolayevitch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  177. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Milton Ross". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  178. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Stein". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  179. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gennaro Tambaro". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  180. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Graham Worsley". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  181. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Lammasch". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  182. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Giacomo della Chiesa) Benedict XV". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  183. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert I". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  184. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Polak". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  185. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jane Addams". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  186. ^ "Nomination Archive – P Ahlberg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  187. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erico M. Gama Coelho". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  188. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ludwig Weyringer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  189. ^ "Nomination of James Jankings Bryan (s. l.) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1916". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  190. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Scherrer-Füllemann". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  191. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfonso XIII". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  192. ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Alfonso de Borbón y Habsburgo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  193. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Brown Scott". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  194. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rosika Schwimmer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  195. ^ "Nomination Archive – Thomas Woodrow Wilson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  196. ^ "Nomination Archive – T Sandstøl". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  197. ^ "Nomination of Georg Brandes (Denmark) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1918". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  198. ^ "Nomination of Mary L. Christensen (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1918". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  199. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mary Shapard". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  200. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walther Adrian Schücking". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  201. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pietro Gasparri". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  202. ^ "Nomination Archive – Benjamin de Jong van Beek en Donk". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  203. ^ "Nomination Archive – Julius Laasen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  204. ^ "Nomination Archive – Désiré-Joseph, Cardinal Mercier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  205. ^ "Nomination Archive – Svante Elis Strömgren". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  206. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Jakob Horst". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  207. ^ "Nomination Archive – Madame Séverine". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  208. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gérôme Périnet". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  209. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Quacquarelli". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  210. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni d´Ajutolo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  211. ^ "Nomination of Herbert Clark Hoover (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1941". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  212. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Clark Hoover". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  213. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fridtjof Nansen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  214. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Viscount Cecil of Chelwood". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  215. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Edward Grey (Lord Grey of Falloden)". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  216. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Viktor Clausen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  217. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eglantyne Jebb". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  218. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Lloyd George". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  219. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Griffith". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  220. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacques Dumas". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  221. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Jean Prudhommeaux". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  222. ^ "Nomination Archive – Warren Gamaliel Harding". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  223. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Maynard Keynes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  224. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Saverio Nitti". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  225. ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron Albéric Rolin-Jacquemyns". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  226. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elsa Brändström". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  227. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Evans Hughes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  228. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Hymans". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  229. ^ "Nomination of Carl Lindhagen (Sverige) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  230. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Albert Lindhagen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  231. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Zeth Konstantin Höglund". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  232. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Macartney". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  233. ^ "Nomination Archive – Axel Svensson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  234. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Ferrière". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  235. ^ "Nomination Archive – Axel Theodor Adelswärd". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  236. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Weiss". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  237. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugene Victor Debs". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  238. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edmund Dene Morel". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  239. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edouard Lambert". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  240. ^ "Nomination Archive – Teixeira Mendes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  241. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sultan Sir Mohammed Shah Aga Khan III". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  242. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Fauchille". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  243. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni Papini". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  244. ^ "Nomination Archive – Prince Carl of Sweden". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  245. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Hartman Morgan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  246. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ferdinand Edouard Buisson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  247. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nils (Niels) Petersen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  248. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Walker". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  249. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ramsay MacDonald". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  250. ^ "Nomination of Deutsche Liga für die Menschenrechte (German League for Human Rights) (Germany), Ligue francaise pour la défense des droits de l'homme (French League for the Defense of Human Rights) (France), Ferdinand Édouard Buisson (France) and Hellmut von Gerlach (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1925". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  251. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hellmut von Gerlach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  252. ^ "Nomination Archive – N Henri Demont". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  253. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Demont". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  254. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  255. ^ "Nomination Archive – François David". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  256. ^ "Nomination of Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1932". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  257. ^ "Nomination Archive – Aristide Pierre Henri Briand". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  258. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Stresemann". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  259. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  260. ^ "Nomination Archive – Oswald Balzer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  261. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Median Chirinos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  262. ^ "Nomination Archive – François David". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  263. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Clément Ulrich Kessler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  264. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Luther". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  265. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos F Melo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  266. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vespasian Pella". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  267. ^ "Nomination Archive – Viscount Shishaku Shibusawa Eiichi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  268. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nikolaos Sokrates Politis". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  269. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edvard Benes". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  270. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emilio Caldara". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  271. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giuseppe Motta". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  272. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Thomson Shotwell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  273. ^ "Nomination of Max Huber (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1960". media.digitalarkivet.no. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  274. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Huber". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  275. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bo Östen Undén". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  276. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giovanni Ciraolo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  277. ^ "Nomination Archive – Auguste-Henri Forel". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  278. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  279. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Billings Kellogg". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  280. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Severin Christenen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  281. ^ "Nomination Archive – J L Herzog". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  282. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernhard Cornelis Johannes Loder". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  283. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cenek Slepanek". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  284. ^ "Nomination Archive – Salmon Oliver Levinson". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  285. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Peter Hanssen". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  286. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles François Marc Marie Sangnier". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  287. ^ "Nomination Archive – Édouard Herriot". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  288. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nicholas Roerich". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  289. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustaf Roos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  290. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nicholas Murray Butler". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  291. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  292. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Henry George Chapple". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  293. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Adolf Deissmann". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  294. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Ibàñez del Campo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  295. ^ "Nomination Archive – Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  296. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mario Leuzzi". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  297. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lord Harold Sidney Harmsworth Rothermere". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  298. ^ "Nomination Archive – Samuel Colcord". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  299. ^ "Nomination Archive – P B de Ville". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  300. ^ "Nomination Archive – Efisio Giglio-Tos". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  301. ^ "Nomination Archive – Baron Paul von Schoenaich". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  302. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Wehberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  303. ^ "Nomination Archive – Salvador de Madariaga". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  304. ^ "Nomination Archive – Madariaga Saldador de". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  305. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  306. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Henderson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  307. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dionisio Anzilotti". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  308. ^ "Nomination Archive – Didrik Nyholm". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  309. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edvard Price Bell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  310. ^ "Nomination Archive – Annie Besant". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  311. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erich Maria Remarque". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  312. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Lalande". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  313. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georg Bonne". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  314. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerrit Jan Heering". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  315. ^ "Nomination Archive – Peter Rochegune Munch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  316. ^ "Nomination Archive – Étienne Clémentel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  317. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Damaschke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  318. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis de Mey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  319. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ishbel M Hamilton-Gordon (Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair)". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  320. ^ "Isbel Lady Aberdeen and Temair". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  321. ^ "Nomination Archive – Peter Tomaschek". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  322. ^ "Nomination Archive – Verraux". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  323. ^ "Nomination of Mariano H. Cornejo (Peru) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  324. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mariano Hilario Cornejo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  325. ^ "Nomination of Count Richard Nicolas Coudenhove-Kalergi (Austria) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  326. ^ "Nomination of Count Richard Nicolas Coudenhove-Kalergi (Austria) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1941". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  327. ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Richard Nicolas Coudenhove-Kalergi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  328. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Runham Brown". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  329. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raoul Dandurand". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  330. ^ "Nomination Archive – Christian Heerfordt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  331. ^ "Nomination Archive – H A van Karnabeek". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  332. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Raja) Mahendra Pratap". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  333. ^ "Nomination Archive – Constantin Stameschkie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  334. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georg Streit". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  335. ^ "Nomination Archive – Knut Sandstedt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  336. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vittorio Scialoja". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  337. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alejandro Alvarez". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  338. ^ "Nomination of Rafael Waldemar Erich (Finland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  339. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rafael Waldemar Erich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  340. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Laval". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  341. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Bassett Moore". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  342. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Papanastasiou". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  343. ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Basch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  344. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Charles Frederick Beales". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  345. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite-AntoinetteHèraclius Princess Djabadary". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  346. ^ "Nomination Archive – Reinhard Dohrn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  347. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Philip Kiehl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  348. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Erasme Le Fur". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  349. ^ "Nomination Archive – Macellus Donald Alexander R Redlich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  350. ^ "Nomination Archive – Michael Blümelhuber". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  351. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Drexel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  352. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Norman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  353. ^ "Nomination Archive – I A Davidson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  354. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Strupp". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  355. ^ "Nomination Archive – Manley Ottmer Hudson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  356. ^ "Nomination Archive – Andreo Cseh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  357. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Desjardins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  358. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  359. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Albert-Auguste-) Gabriel Hanotaux". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  360. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hermann Kantorowicz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  361. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mustafa Pascha Kemal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  362. ^ "Nomination Archive – Peter Manniche". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  363. ^ "Nomination Archive – Józef Klemens Pilsudski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  364. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gabriel Terra". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  365. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moisés A Vieites". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  366. ^ "Nomination Archive – Constansis Vigil". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  367. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Kelsen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  368. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Efremoff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  369. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hari Mohan Banerjee". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  370. ^ "Nomination of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  371. ^ "Nomination of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1941". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  372. ^ "Nomination Archive – Franklin Delano Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  373. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jorge Hernàndez Lillo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  374. ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Jorge Hernandez Lillo Jedetzky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  375. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Gilbert Aimé Murray". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  376. ^ "Nomination of Carl von Ossietzky (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1937". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  377. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl von Ossietzky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  378. ^ "Nomination of Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Argentina) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1937". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  379. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos Saavedra Lamas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  380. ^ "Nomination Archive – Miguel Angel Aranjo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  381. ^ "Nomination Archive – Janet Miller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  382. ^ "Nomination Archive – Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  383. ^ "Nomination Archive – Samuel Harden Church". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  384. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Edward Evershed". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  385. ^ "Nomination of Fritz Küster (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1937". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  386. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Heinrich Christoph Küster". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  387. ^ "Nomination Archive – Justin Godart". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  388. ^ "Nomination Archive – Afranio de Mello Franco". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  389. ^ "Nomination of Julie Bickle (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  390. ^ "Nomination Archive – Julie Bikle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  391. ^ "Nomination of Cordell Hull (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  392. ^ "Nomination of Cordell Hull (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1941". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  393. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cordero Hull". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  394. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Bonnet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  395. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre de Coubertin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  396. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Samuel John Gurney Hoare". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  397. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moina Michael". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  398. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur MacDonald". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  399. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cairoli Gigliotti". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  400. ^ "Nomination Archive – René Millet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  401. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Alfred Morehead". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  402. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Ploetz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  403. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Reinhardt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  404. ^ a b "Nomination of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (Dominican Republic) and Stenio Joseph Vincent (Haiti) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1937". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  405. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stenio Joseph Vincent". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  406. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  407. ^ "Nomination Archive – Irma Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  408. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Cosentini". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  409. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanley Melbourne Bruce". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  410. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joaquím Cases-Carbó". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  411. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edo Fimmen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  412. ^ "Nomination Archive – N A Nilsson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  413. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henrieta Szold". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  414. ^ "Nomination Archive – G Saint-Paul". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  415. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Golay". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  416. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nalini Kumar Mukherjee". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  417. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  418. ^ "Nomination Archive – Léon Jouhaux". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  419. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Bernard". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  420. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Ferris". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  421. ^ "Nomination Archive – Princess Henriette". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  422. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Kautsky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  423. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Laur". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  424. ^ "Nomination Archive – W. Gregory Paull". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  425. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hugh Richard Lawrie Sheppard". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  426. ^ "Nomination of Pierre Cérséole (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  427. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Cérésole". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  428. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Tafari Makonnen) Haile Selassie I". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  429. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carrie Chapman Catt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  430. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Hitler". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  431. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacquinot". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  432. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pius XI". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  433. ^ "Nomination Archive – Troubat Le Houx". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  434. ^ "Nomination of Neville Chamberlain (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  435. ^ "Nomination Archive – (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  436. ^ "Nomination of Stanley Jacob Cantor (Australia) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  437. ^ "Nomination of George Lansbury (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  438. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  439. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maksim Maksimovitch Litvinov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  440. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jan Christian Smuts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  441. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Vissarionovitch Stalin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  442. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Anthony Eden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  443. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emilyy Greene Balch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  444. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Hemont". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  445. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest T Williams". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  446. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  447. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Gustave Jean Marie T de Brouckère". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  448. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  449. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Natanael Beskow". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  450. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lionel George Curtis". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  451. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Joachim Hambro". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  452. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Percy Harris". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  453. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Henry Lehman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  454. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Alfred Zimmern". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  455. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pius XII". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  456. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georges Scelle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  457. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eleanor Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  458. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes Ude". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  459. ^ "Nomination Archive – Oswaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  460. ^ "Nomination Archive – Katharine Bruce Glasier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  461. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  462. ^ "Nomination Archive – Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante y Sirvén". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  463. ^ "Nomination Archive – José Gustavo Guerrero". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  464. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Renner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  465. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raoul Wallenberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  466. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ewing Cockrell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  467. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edgar Milhaud". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  468. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  469. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Truman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  470. ^ "Nomination Archive – René-Samuel Cassin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  471. ^ "Nomination Archive – René Cassin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  472. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raphael Armattoe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  473. ^ "Nomination Archive – Franc McCoy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  474. ^ "Nomination Archive – Andrew Russell Pearson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  475. ^ "Nomination Archive – Juan Domingo Perón". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  476. ^ "Nomination Archive – María Eva Duarte Perón". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  477. ^ "Nomination Archive – Don Miguel Tocornal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  478. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marcus Wald". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  479. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Montessori". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  480. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ralph Johnson Bunche". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  481. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Catlett Marshall". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  482. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sri Aurobindo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  483. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Carlisle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  484. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Häfliger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  485. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul I of Greece". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  486. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emery Reves". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  487. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Vere Evatt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  488. ^ a b "Nomination of André Trocmé (France) and Wilhelm Mensching (Germany) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1950". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  489. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Trocmé". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  490. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Mensching". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  491. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rafael Lemkin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  492. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jawaharlal (Pandit) Nehru". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  493. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  494. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sanjib Chaudhuri". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  495. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Robert Corti". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  496. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Maynard Hutchins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  497. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Hutchins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  498. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clarence Streit". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  499. ^ "Nomination Archive – Michel Allawerdi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  500. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lucien Coquet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  501. ^ "Nomination Archive – Allen Dobson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  502. ^ "Nomination Archive – H C Honegger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  503. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Cheney Hyde". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  504. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Jackson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  505. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emile Paulet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  506. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Hartley William Shawcross (of Friston)". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  507. ^ "Nomination Archive – Princess Wilhelmina of the Netherlands". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  508. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Buchman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  509. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emile Dreyfus". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  510. ^ "Nomination Archive – Trygve Halvdan Lie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  511. ^ "Nomination Archive – Trygve Halvdan Lie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  512. ^ "Nomination Archive – Philip Noel-Baker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  513. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lester Parson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  514. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lester Pearson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  515. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis St. Laurent". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  516. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giuseppe Borgese". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  517. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Bengal Rau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  518. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carlos P. Romulo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  519. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henrique Vasconcellos". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  520. ^ "Nomination Archive – Barbara Waylen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  521. ^ "Nomination Archive – Miguel Alemán Valdés". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  522. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lorenzo Fernandez Rodriguez". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  523. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Geheeb". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  524. ^ "Nomination Archive – Felix Kersten". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  525. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kersten Felix". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  526. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Rotten". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  527. ^ "Nomination Archive – Matienzo E Anze". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  528. ^ "Nomination Archive – Léopold Boissier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  529. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Douglas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  530. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Warburg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  531. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raul Fernandes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  532. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Porter Graham". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  533. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Paul-Boncour". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  534. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albrto Lleras". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  535. ^ "Nomination Archive – Candido Mariano de Silva Rondon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  536. ^ "Nomination Archive – Margaret Sanger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  537. ^ "Nomination Archive – Brock Chisholm". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  538. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josué de Castro". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  539. ^ "Nomination Archive – John A Swettenham". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  540. ^ "Nomination Archive – Helen Keller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  541. ^ "Nomination Archive – Toyohiko Kagawa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  542. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clement Richard Lord Attlee". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  543. ^ "Nomination Archive – Earl (Clement) Attlee". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  544. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vincent Auriol". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  545. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gordon Clapp". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  546. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clement Davies". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  547. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Foster Dulles". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  548. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kazenizade H Iranschär". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  549. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Lilienthal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  550. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Mendés-France". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  551. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Morgan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  552. ^ "Nomination Archive – Konrad Adenauer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  553. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gertrud Baer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  554. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dwight Eisenhower". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  555. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Tubman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  556. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Rimet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  557. ^ "Nomination Archive – Juho Kusti Paasikivi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  558. ^ "Nomination Archive – Earl Anglin James". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  559. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugene Relgis". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  560. ^ "Nomination of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (Netherlands), International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Canada), International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (Canada) and Howard G. Kurtz (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1956". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  561. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pablo Casals". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  562. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martin Buber". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  563. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Charles Laubach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  564. ^ "Nomination Archive – Père Dominique Pire". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  565. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georges Pire". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  566. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  567. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jan Bata". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  568. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ole Fredrik Olden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  569. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Parker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  570. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Gibrin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  571. ^ "Nomination Archive – Boris Gourevitch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  572. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Paul-Boncour". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  573. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Retinger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  574. ^ "Nomination Archive – M C Davar". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  575. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mehr Chand Davar". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  576. ^ "Nomination Archive – Norman Cousins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  577. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gunnar Myrdal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  578. ^ "Nomination Archive – Olave Baden-Powell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  579. ^ "Nomination Archive – Andrew Cordier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  580. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert M Debré". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  581. ^ "Nomination Archive – Werenfried Van Straaten". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  582. ^ "Nomination of Constantine Diamantopoulos (Greece) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1960". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  583. ^ "Nomination Archive – Constantine Diamantopoulus". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  584. ^ "Nomination Archive – Normann Bentwich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  585. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Sohn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  586. ^ "Nomination Archive – Grenville Clark". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  587. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clark Grenville". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  588. ^ "Nomination Archive – Beniamino Bufano". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  589. ^ "Nomination Archive – J H Boetcker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  590. ^ "Nomination Archive – Oskar Helmer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  591. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nobusuke Kishi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  592. ^ "Nomination Archive – Howard Rusk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  593. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bichare Tabbah". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  594. ^ "Nomination Archive – Felix Kir". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  595. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arnold Zweig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  596. ^ "Nomination Archive – Basil O'Connor". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  597. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugene Black". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  598. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Braibant". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  599. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hermann Gmeiner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  600. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Burdick". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  601. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raoul Follereau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  602. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cyrus Eaton". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  603. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cyrus S. Eaton". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  604. ^ "Nomination Archive – Umberto Campagnolo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  605. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Lutuli". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  606. ^ "Nomination Archive – Linus Pauling". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  607. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arnaldo Fortini". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  608. ^ "Nomination Archive – José Maria Gonzales Garcia". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  609. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Elisabeth Lüders". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  610. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Rolin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  611. ^ "Nomination Archive – Angelo Jaquinto". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  612. ^ "Nomination Archive – Salvatore Jaquinto". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  613. ^ "Nomination Archive – Getrud Kurz-Hohl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  614. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giulia Scappino Mureno". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  615. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lotta Hitchmanova". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  616. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Lutz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  617. ^ "Nomination Archive – Luigi Spinelli". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  618. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fenner Brockway". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  619. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vinoba Bhave". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  620. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Alexandrowicz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  621. ^ "Nomination Archive – Danilo Dolci". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  622. ^ "Nomination Archive – Danilo Dolce". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  623. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jules Moch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  624. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mrs. Alexander Hadden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  625. ^ "Nomination Archive – Urho Kekkonen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  626. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Kennedy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  627. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raja Manikan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  628. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rajah Manikam". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  629. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Richet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  630. ^ "Nomination Archive – E. Stanley Jones". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  631. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz von Unruh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  632. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz von Unruh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  633. ^ "Nomination Archive – James William Fulbright". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  634. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bertrand Russell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  635. ^ "Nomination Archive – Domenico Antonio Cardone". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  636. ^ "Nomination Archive – Catherine Devilliers". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  637. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Grüber". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  638. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stella Monk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  639. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fook-Wo Poon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  640. ^ "Nomination Archive – Daisetz T Suzuki". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  641. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stephen Galatti". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  642. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolfo Lopez Mateos". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  643. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gordon Waverly Gilkey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  644. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yogi Maharishi Mahesh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  645. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Gray Hoffman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  646. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul G. Hoffman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  647. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josip Broz Tito". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  648. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martin Luther King". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  649. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jess Gorkin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  650. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Lukl Hromádka". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  651. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lyndon Baines Johnson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  652. ^ "Nomination Archive – Woodland Kahler". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  653. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Needham". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  654. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul-Henri Spaak". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  655. ^ "Nomination Archive – Norman Thomas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  656. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Thirring". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  657. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  658. ^ "Nomination Archive – Guido Guida". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  659. ^ "Nomination Archive – Abraham Vereide". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  660. ^ "Nomination Archive – Abraham Vereide". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  661. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marc Joux". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  662. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Carver". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  663. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Arne Geijer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  664. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mohammad Hedjazi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  665. ^ "Nomination Archive – Galo Plaza Lasso". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  666. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adlai Ewing Stevenson II". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  667. ^ "Nomination Archive – Shigeru Yoshida". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  668. ^ "Nomination Archive – Situ U Thant". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  669. ^ "Nomination Archive – U Thant". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  670. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paulus VI". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  671. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hideki Yukawa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  672. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jan Tinbergen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  673. ^ "Nomination Archive – Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  674. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Leo Cardijn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  675. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martin Niemöller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  676. ^ "Nomination Archive – Léopold Sédar Senghor". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  677. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adam Rapacki". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  678. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joaquín Sanz Gadea". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  679. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kathiresu Ramachandra". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  680. ^ "Nomination Archive – Katiresu Ramachandra". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  681. ^ "Nomination Archive – Abbé Pierre". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  682. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Edmonds". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  683. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Henry Gruening". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  684. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wayne Morse". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  685. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kurt Hahn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  686. ^ "Nomination Archive – Thich Nhat Hahn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  687. ^ "Nomination Archive – Thich Nhat Hanh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  688. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Ernest Hocking". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  689. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ismet Inöni". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  690. ^ "Nomination Archive – Danny Kaye". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  691. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dasmoni Roy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  692. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Sargent Shriver". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  693. ^ "Nomination Archive – J F Stone". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  694. ^ "Nomination Archive – Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  695. ^ "Nomination of David Morse (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1967". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  696. ^ "Nomination Archive – Binaj Ranyan Sen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  697. ^ "Nomination Archive – Binay Ranjan Sen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  698. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sue Ryder Cheshire". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  699. ^ "Nomination Archive – Susan Ryder". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  700. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Holman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  701. ^ "Nomination Archive – William P Holman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  702. ^ "Nomination Archive – Quincy Wright". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  703. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Rhyne". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  704. ^ "Nomination Archive – Norman Ernest Borlaug". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  705. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfonso Garcia Robles". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  706. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfonso Garcia Robles". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  707. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yoshio Koya". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  708. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yoshio Koya". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  709. ^ "Nomination Archive – Y. C. James Yen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  710. ^ "Nomination Archive – Halvard Lange". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  711. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ralph K White". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  712. ^ "Nomination Archive – John S. Knight". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  713. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frans Hemerijckx". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  714. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vincent Ferrer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  715. ^ "Nomination Archive – René Maheu". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  716. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Bloch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  717. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Collins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  718. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giorgio La Pira". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  719. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Beauguitte". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  720. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Dubcek". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  721. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Chapman Foster". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  722. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Davison Rockefeller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  723. ^ "Nomination Archive – Noam Chomsky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  724. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Willis Miller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  725. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kaoru Hatoyama". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  726. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Bertalan Walsh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  727. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jogesh Chandra Bhattacharya". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  728. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herman B. Wells". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  729. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jai Praksh Naryan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  730. ^ "Nomination Archive – Athenagoras I". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  731. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Dudley White". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  732. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Verdross". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  733. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Verdroß-Drossberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  734. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre A. Radwanski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  735. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Kaisel Bliss". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  736. ^ "Nomination Archive – Spurgeon Milton Keeny". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  737. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alva Myrdal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  738. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elie Wiesel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  739. ^ "Nomination Archive – François Duvalier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  740. ^ "Nomination Archive – Britta Holmström". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  741. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugene Carson Blake". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  742. ^ "Nomination Archive – Isaac Lewin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  743. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hélder Câmara". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  744. ^ "Nomination Archive – Willy Brandt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  745. ^ "Nomination Archive – R. Buckminster Fuller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  746. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arvid Pardo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  747. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cesar Chavez". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  748. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert York". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  749. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louise Weiss". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  750. ^ "Nomination Archive – Tage Erlander". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  751. ^ "Nomination Archive – Einar Gerhardsen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  752. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lyudmil Stoyanov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  753. ^ "Nomination Archive – Randolph P. Compton". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  754. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl E. C. Bonnevie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  755. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stefan Wyszynski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  756. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francisco Arasa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  757. ^ "Nomination Archive – Michel Stassinopoulos". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  758. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Monnet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  759. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Chazal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  760. ^ "Nomination Archive – Claudio Villas Bôas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  761. ^ "Nomination Archive – Orlando Villas Bôas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  762. ^ a b "The National Archives of Norway [Det Norske Nobelinstitutt: Nominasjoner til Nobels fredspris]". media-digitalarkivet-no. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  763. ^ "Nomination of Seán MacBride (Ireland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  764. ^ "Nomination of Seán MacBride (Ireland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  765. ^ "Nomination of Sister Teresa (Albania) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  766. ^ "Nomination of Daniel Berrigan (United States) and Philip Berrigan (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  767. ^ "Nomination of William H. Chapman (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  768. ^ "Nomination of R. R. Diwakar (India) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  769. ^ "Nomination of Lev E. Dobriansky (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  770. ^ "Nomination of Billy Graham (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  771. ^ "Nomination of Isabelle L. D. Grant (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  772. ^ "Nomination of Edward Heath (United Kingdom) and Roy Jenkins (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  773. ^ "Nomination of Alexandre Marc (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  774. ^ "Nomination of Ralph Nader (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  775. ^ "Nomination of Elise Ottesen-Jensen (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  776. ^ "Nomination of Annie Margareth Skau (Norway) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  777. ^ "Nomination of Helen Suzman (South Africa) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  778. ^ "Nomination of Pierre Elliott Trudeau (Canada) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  779. ^ "Nomination of Le Duc Tho (Vietnam) and Henry Alfred Kissinger (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  780. ^ "Nomination of Pearl S. Buck (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  781. ^ "Nomination of Napoleón Bilbao Rioja (Bolivia) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  782. ^ "Nomination of Sri Chinmoy (India) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  783. ^ "Nomination of Andrew Wellington Cordier (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  784. ^ "Nomination of Daniel Ellsberg (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  785. ^ "Nomination of Indira Gandhi (India) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  786. ^ "Nomination of Robert Schirokauer Hartman (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  787. ^ "Nomination of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  788. ^ "Nomination of Luis Kutner (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  789. ^ "Nomination of Paul Emile Léger (Canada) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  790. ^ "Nomination of Richard Milhous Nixon (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  791. ^ "Nomination of Marcelo Nubla (Philippines) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  792. ^ "Nomination of Samuel Pisar (Poland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  793. ^ "Nomination of Jeannette Rankin (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  794. ^ "Nomination of Adam Schaff (Poland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  795. ^ "Nomination of Gerard C. Smith (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  796. ^ "Nomination of J. G. Starke (Australia) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  797. ^ "Nomination of Fernando Tamayo (Colombia) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  798. ^ "Nomination of Trần-Minh Tiết (South Vietnam) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  799. ^ "Nomination of Kurt Waldheim (Austria) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  800. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1901 nobelprize.org
  801. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1902 nobelprize.org
  802. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1903 nobelprize.org
  803. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1904 nobelprize.org
  804. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1905 nobelprize.org
  805. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1906 nobelprize.org
  806. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1907 nobelprize.org
  807. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1908 nobelprize.org
  808. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1909 nobelprize.org
  809. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1910 nobelprize.org
  810. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1911 nobelprize.org
  811. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1912 nobelprize.org
  812. ^ born Nomination archive –2023 nobelprize.org
  813. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1914 nobelprize.org
  814. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1915 nobelprize.org
  815. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1916 nobelprize.org
  816. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1917 nobelprize.org
  817. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1918 nobelprize.org
  818. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1919 nobelprize.org
  819. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1920 nobelprize.org
  820. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1921 nobelprize.org
  821. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1922 nobelprize.org
  822. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1923 nobelprize.org
  823. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1924 nobelprize.org
  824. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1925 nobelprize.org
  825. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1926 nobelprize.org
  826. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1927 nobelprize.org
  827. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1928 nobelprize.org
  828. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1929 nobelprize.org
  829. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1930 nobelprize.org
  830. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1931 nobelprize.org
  831. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1932 nobelprize.org
  832. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1933 nobelprize.org
  833. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1934 nobelprize.org
  834. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1935 nobelprize.org
  835. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1936 nobelprize.org
  836. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1937 nobelprize.org
  837. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1938 nobelprize.org
  838. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1939 nobelprize.org
  839. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1940 nobelprize.org
  840. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1941 nobelprize.org
  841. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1942 nobelprize.org
  842. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1943 nobelprize.org
  843. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1944 nobelprize.org
  844. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1945 nobelprize.org
  845. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1946 nobelprize.org
  846. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1947 nobelprize.org
  847. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1948 nobelprize.org
  848. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1949 nobelprize.org
  849. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1950 nobelprize.org
  850. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1951 nobelprize.org
  851. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1952 nobelprize.org
  852. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1953 nobelprize.org
  853. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1954 nobelprize.org
  854. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1955 nobelprize.org
  855. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1956 nobelprize.org
  856. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1957 nobelprize.org
  857. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1958 nobelprize.org
  858. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1959 nobelprize.org
  859. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1960 nobelprize.org
  860. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1961 nobelprize.org
  861. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1962 nobelprize.org
  862. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1963 nobelprize.org
  863. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1964 nobelprize.org
  864. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1965 nobelprize.org
  865. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1966 nobelprize.org
  866. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1967 nobelprize.org
  867. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1968 nobelprize.org
  868. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1969 nobelprize.org
  869. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1970 nobelprize.org
  870. ^ Nomination archive – Peace 1971 nobelprize.org
  871. ^ was born Nomination archive – nobelprize.org